Autonomous sewage system "Topaz": description, advantages, disadvantages and principle of operation. The principle of operation of the autonomous sewage system Topas The Topaz system at the dacha

There are many requirements for modern sewer systems. Among them are efficiency, reliability, and safety.

Topas is an autonomous sewerage complex that meets all of the above requirements. What is a septic tank and how does it function?

Characteristics of the Topas sewer complex

Topas enjoys constant popularity among consumers due to the optimal combination of its most important characteristics:

Helpful information:

• compact dimensions (installation requires no more than one square meter);
• the septic tank can be installed in any place convenient for arranging sewer drains;
• ease of draining water, which can be used for irrigation or other needs;
• Easy septic tank maintenance; all work can be done on your own.

Advice! The sludge that accumulates in the tank can be used as organic fertilizer.

Septic tank Topas has several undeniable advantages that give it an advantage over its competitors.

Organic contaminants, along with wastewater, flow from the house through a pipeline into the septic tank. There, in the first tank, they are exposed to active bacteria. To make the decomposition process faster, the aeration tank constantly supplies oxygen to the container. The presence of oxygen promotes the rapid decomposition of feces, fat, and food debris that end up in the sewer system. This system provides 99% water purification in short time. These figures best confirm the high environmental characteristics of the septic tank.

The level of wastewater treatment in the Topas septic tank fully complies with accepted international standards. This system organizes full cycle wastewater treatment. Moreover, all stages of cleaning take place inside the installation without any contact with the surrounding space.

Features of the autonomous sewage system Topas

Autonomous sewage system Topas operates successfully in various climatic zones. These septic tanks have become so widespread due to their high environmental characteristics and ease of use. Many people choose Topas because of its ability to quickly and efficiently clean waste water.

Topas septic tanks have several options. Topas 5 and Topas 10 are common. Each of them has its own characteristics that allow the use of these installations in certain conditions. Topas 5 is installed in dachas, and Topas 10 is purchased by owners country houses. The model range of these septic tanks also includes installations that can serve hotels and cottage communities.

Features of the Topas 5 septic tank

This septic tank has the lowest power of all models in this series produced today. Topas 5 is used for servicing summer cottages and small country houses. Its capacity is 1 m³ of water without reagents.

This model can be installed for permanent operation or for seasonal use. The main advantage of this septic tank is the ability to carry out high-quality water purification. Solid sediment accumulates at the bottom of the septic tank; this sludge is often used as fertilizer for growing plants in the garden. At the same time, a fairly high processing power is combined with a small amount of energy consumed. Topas 5 takes the same amount of energy as a simple light bulb.

Advice! To ensure the operation of the septic tank in areas with unstable energy supply, you can use an electric generator.

One of the advantages of the system is that it does not require additional addition of new portions of bacteria into the system. They will multiply themselves and exist in the container, using human waste that enters the reservoir as a nutrient medium. Water moves by gravity, from the septic tank it flows into a drainage ditch or drainage field.

Topas 5 is designed to service drains from a shower stall, toilet and two sinks. If Topaz 5 is installed in country house, it should not accommodate more than five people.

Basic principles of wastewater disposal

If it is not possible to discharge sewage into a natural reservoir or ravine, it is necessary to equip a filtration site. To properly arrange this element sewer system, you need to analyze the following parameters:

• soil freezing depth;
• surface water level;
• level groundwater.

Before installing a septic tank, you need to think about the drainage of purified water. If we talk about Topas 5, then you will need to drain 1000 liters per day somewhere. If possible, drain the water into a ditch. If this is not possible, install a filtration well.

Option No. 1 - Drainage of wastewater into a ditch

Option No. 2 - Drainage of wastewater into a filtration well

• prevent acids, alkalis, alcohol from entering the system, medicines, they can destroy bacteria;
• do not dispose of rotten food through the sewer system, as it may disrupt the operation of the installation;
• in the absence of electricity, reduce water discharge as much as possible. Because from an overfilled container, contaminated water will enter the site;
• reduce the entry of sand and soil into drains, inorganic substances negatively affect the operation of the system;
• it is necessary to ensure regular service maintenance, which consists in changing filters and other elements.

Help in choosing a station

System modification autonomous sewerage TOPAS must be selected taking into account the conditions in which it will work. Such conditions include the number of people living in the house, the number of plumbing fixtures and the volume of the maximum (volley) discharge Wastewater. The characteristics of the TOPAS brand are such that they do not require the construction of a concrete pit and are placed in any type of soil. The structural elements consist of polypropylene, an anti-corrosion material. The undoubted advantages of a septic tank also include:

• Compact and lightweight design.
• One-piece body of the treatment system, where all the chambers are located.
• Innovative step-by-step wastewater treatment.

The operating principle of the septic tank is based on the latest technological development, in which the biological treatment of wastewater occurs with the help of aerobic microorganisms. Degree of purification: visually transparent, odorless water.

To select the necessary TOPAS sewage system, you must take into account that the daily volume of wastewater is approximately 200 liters per person, and the volume depends on the amount of plumbing used during peak hours. As a rule, this is morning and evening. If five people are in the house at the same time, the daily productivity will be one cubic meter. If during peak hours the volume of salvo discharge does not exceed 220 liters, then the TOPAS-5 station is suitable for you. But the attached instructions also clarify that this is the maximum possible limit, calculated for a period of up to two hours. That is, if the maximum wastewater discharge needs to be increased, then the station must be selected with this in mind, for example, TOPAS-8.

Serious and important parameters for choosing one or another modification of the TOPAS sewer system are the depth of the inlet pipe to the septic tank, the level of groundwater and the method of wastewater disposal. Taking into account these indicators, one of the modifications is selected: Pr, Long or Long Pr.- high occurrence of groundwater requires the use of a septic tank of this modification with the function of forced discharge of purified liquid (automatically, using drain pump). But not only in this case this model is chosen. It should be chosen in all cases where it is necessary to forcibly remove treated sewage to the ground surface or into a shallow ditch, as well as into a well if its entire volume is required to work.
note, that in those modifications where there is no abbreviation “Pr”, the treated wastewater leaves the septic tank (station) by gravity when the maximum volume is reached.

Long, Long Pr- if the pipe leading to the station is laid at a depth of 80 cm to 140 cm (along the lower edge of the pipe), then you need to choose modifications with the abbreviation “Long”.

At a certain stage of design or redevelopment suburban area Every homeowner is always faced with the issue of installing a sewer system. Increasingly, preference is given modern installations wastewater treatment - so-called septic tanks.

Peculiarities

A septic tank is sewer device, specially designed for local treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater. The sewage mass is purified up to 98% and turns into ordinary water. This water cannot be consumed, but it can be used on the farm, for example, for irrigation: it is absolutely safe and does not have an unpleasant odor.

The manufacturer LLC PO TOPOL-ECO guarantees the safety of the device, its tightness, strength and long service life.

The design of a septic tank depends on the method of discharging biologically purified water.

There are two types of septic tanks based on the method of drainage:

• with gravity outlet;
• with forced abduction.

Main elements schematic diagram installations of any septic tank must be:

• receiving chamber;
• aeration chamber;
• secondary settling tank;
• sludge settling tank or stabilizer;
• 1–2 options for wastewater entry into the installation.

• septic tanks with gravity drainage have an outlet for the drainage of biologically treated wastewater from the installation;
• Septic tanks with forced drainage have a storage tank for installing pumping equipment with subsequent release of biologically treated wastewater to any side of the installation.

Specifications septic tanks brand "TOPAS" depend on the model and are presented in the table.

Principle of operation

A modern septic tank is an installation for purifying sewage water. Household waste does not accumulate in it - it is purified. The functioning of the TOPAS septic tank is based on the biological purification of wastewater, combined with the oxidation of their components through fine-bubble aeration. During the biological treatment process, organic substances are destroyed by special microorganisms.

At the same time, wastewater loses its ability to rot, becomes transparent, and the rate of bacterial contamination decreases.

The operation of a septic tank is quite simple.

1. Through the sewer pipe, wastewater flows from the building into the receiving chamber of the septic tank, in which mechanical treatment of wastewater and its biological oxidation occur simultaneously.
2. From the receiving chamber, wastewater is gradually pumped into the aeration tank. The aeration tank contains activated sludge, which oxidizes organic compounds and completely destroys them. Activated sludge is a suspension consisting of clean water and active biomass and purifies wastewater in aerobic biological oxidizers.
3. A suspension of clean water and activated sludge enters a secondary settling tank, in which activated sludge is separated from clean water. Clean water is removed from the installation independently or forcibly, depending on the modification of the septic tank.

Advantages and disadvantages

Of course, when choosing a septic tank for a dacha or country house, every homeowner must weigh all the advantages and disadvantages and read reviews online from owners of various systems. Like any cleaning system, the TOPAS septic tank has its drawbacks, but you can easily deal with them yourself.

It would seem, but the system has a number of obvious shortcomings.

1. The need for regular maintenance. Indeed, a septic tank needs to be serviced at least twice a year. But this process is so simple that it does not take much time and can be done on our own without the involvement of specialists, special equipment and, accordingly, without monetary costs.
2. The septic tank must be constantly connected to the electrical network. Yes it is. But energy costs are low and, of course, not comparable to the benefits this installation brings.
3. Problems associated with sudden power outages. The problem is being solved simple installation uninterruptible power supply.
4. Active bacteria can be killed when using disinfectants. They can, but the fact is that the system is designed in such a way that disinfection is not required - there simply will not be any unpleasant odors. This, by the way, is one of the advantages of this model.
5. The volume of salvo discharge is limited. Yes, each model has a certain volume of drainage, specified in the technical data sheet, and the manufacturer prohibits draining more at one time. The problem is solved upon purchase: a model with a “reserve” is purchased, and then not only is there no problem with a large wash, but the arrival of guests will not cause problems.
6. A place is needed to drain the purified water. There are many options for solving the problem: a pit with crushed stone, a post-treatment station, the nearest sewer. Moreover, the output is process water, that is, it can be used for any household needs: watering lawns and beds, washing cars - anything except eating. The water is clear and odorless.

The advantages of TOPAS over other similar systems are obvious:

• wide the lineup allows you to find “your” modification;
• simple installation (using the manufacturer’s instructions, installing a septic tank on your own will not be difficult);
• The manufacturer provides an official guarantee for the strength and durability of the system.

Septic tanks "TOPAS" are used in different countries for more than 20 years. Despite the existing shortcomings, the demand for this model is not falling. And these facts prove the reliability of TOPAS septic tanks. This is confirmed by numerous reviews from owners.

Owners of the installation highlight the following qualities of the cleaning system:

• Ease of use;
• ease of operation;
• the structure can withstand any soil pressure;
• inability to float the structure;
• long service life with proper maintenance;
• possibility of installation in any soil and in any climate zone;
• strength and tightness of the case;
• environmental friendliness of the output water;
• absence of unpleasant odors;
• quiet operation.

The lineup

There are a wide range of TOPAS septic tank models on the market. When choosing, you need to focus on the number of potential users. Each model contains a number in its name, for example, “TOPAS-5” or “TOPAS-15”. This number indicates how many consumers this model is designed for.

All models have several modifications. The names of the modified models, in addition to the brand and number, also contain additional designations, such as Long, “PR”, “US”.

Long means that the model has an elongated shape. For example, "TOPAS-10" has a height of 2.5 meters, and "TOPAS-10" Long - 3.1 meters.

“PR” means forced drainage. Almost every model has such a modification, with the exception of TOPAS-3 septic tanks, which are now considered obsolete and are rarely used.

Models with the “PR” sign additionally come with:

• drainage pump with float switch for forced drainage of water;
• fittings, hoses and all others necessary equipment for connecting the pump.

"US" means reinforced installation. Such models additionally come with a PP board (made of polypropylene): 10 mm – 0.4 m2 or 10 mm – 0.08 m2. The dimensions of the board depend on the model of the septic tank.

Often models are modified in several directions at once. For example, “TOPAS-6 Long PR”, “TOPAS-8 Long US” or “TOPAS-12 Long PR US”.

The model range "TOPAS-4" - "TOPAS-75" is manufactured and supplied in a single case. "TOPAS-100" has two buildings, and "TOPAS-150" has two buildings and a distribution tank.

Regardless of the model, the TOPAS septic tank is an autonomous unit that relieves homeowners of a lot of hassle associated with sewerage.

Installation and connection

The TOPAS septic tank has a reliable polypropylene body. Polypropylene is a special plastic characterized by high strength and durability. It is the use of polypropylene that makes it possible to avoid concreting the walls of the pit, which significantly reduces the cost of installation. All spare parts necessary for installing a septic tank are supplied by the manufacturer as a kit.

The septic tank is installed in a pre-dug pit. The outer walls of the septic tank are equipped with special structures to give greater rigidity to the body. Thanks to these ribs, additional resistance is created, eliminating the possibility of the septic tank floating up.

Filling the septic tank clean water, it is simultaneously sprinkled with sand. They do this in order to equalize internal and external pressure.

Installation of a septic tank consists of the following steps:

• dig a pit and install formwork for a specific septic tank model;
• pour a layer of sand at least 15 centimeters thick under the base and level it evenly;
• dig a supply trench under the pipeline to the entry point into the septic tank in accordance with building regulations;
• connect the electrical cable to the compressor;
• provide free access to the required volume of clean water near the installation site of the septic tank for filling the tanks;
• lower the septic tank into the pit, leveling it horizontally and vertically, using a building level (deviation is allowed no more than 5 mm);
• fill the septic tank with sand on all sides by 30–40 centimeters;
• Fill the septic tank with water to the same height;
• fill the septic tank evenly from all sides and at the same time fill it with water 1 meter from the bottom of the septic tank;
• make an inlet hole in the housing:
  1. outline the contour of the supply pipe at the insertion site in accordance with the installation diagram;
  2. make an entrance hole for sewer pipe;
  3. install the special pipe included in the kit and solder it with a welding rod;
  4. connect the supply line and the pipe with a coupling;

• lay a pipeline to drain purified water to the discharge point;
• if the model is with gravity drainage, then connect the outlet pipe to a pipeline for discharging purified water;
• for a model with forced drainage, make a hole in one direction in the direction of the purified water outlet, install a pipe and seal it with a welding rod;
• install the pump in a container for storing purified water;
• install a water drainage system;
• connect the pump;
• install and connect the compressor;
• fill the septic tank with sand to ground level;
• during the installation of the TOPAS septic tank, fill the aeration tank chamber, secondary settling tank and sludge stabilizer with water to the level of the purified water outlet, and the receiving chamber to the level of the supply pipeline;
• Before applying voltage, it is imperative to check whether the compressor and pump (if any) are connected correctly;
• start an electric current;
• move the toggle switch to the “ON” position.

When installing a septic tank on your own, you need to know that the structure is supplied without a hole for the entrance of the sewer pipe, since the insertion can be made at different heights in accordance with the model.

After installing the septic tank in a pit with a prepared bottom, you should cut a hole in the wall of the receiving chamber for the supply pipeline in accordance with the installation diagram supplied with each model.

To ensure good storage volume and stable operation of the septic tank, and to avoid backwater in the inlet pipeline, it is necessary to install the inlet pipeline at least 1.5 meters from the bottom of the septic tank. The hole is made carefully along the contour of the sewer pipe, then welded with a welding rod, ensuring the tightness of the seam.

It is important that the following conditions are met:

• the entrance to the septic tank must be made into a surge tank;
• the entrance depends on the TOPAS septic tank model;
• the supply line (process pipeline) is made of PVC-U pipes (unmodified polyvinyl chloride): 110 by 3.2 mm or 160 by 3.6 mm.

Use and care

After launch, the septic tank must operate continuously for a month with a nominal number of users. Time to return to normal mode is 30 days. After this time, the outlet water should appear clean and odorless.

During the first period of operation, about thirty days, silt forms. This process is accompanied by foaming, sometimes abundant. The main reason why foam is formed is the use in households of various synthetic substances that make up household liquids.

Over time, when the concentration of sludge in the aeration tank increases, the foam itself will disappear. It is advisable to reduce the use of chemical substances.

Preparing for winter does not require much trouble: The septic tank is equipped with a lid that has good thermal insulation. If the external temperature is not less than minus 20 degrees and the influx of household wastewater is at least 20%, the septic tank does not require any specific winter preventive measures. With the onset of severe frosts, it is additionally insulated top part septic tank When additionally insulating the lid, it is necessary to ensure air flow through the ventilation air intake. If the temperature is below minus 15 degrees, you should not open the septic tank lid unnecessarily.

To preserve for the winter or other long period, it is necessary to perform a certain sequence of actions.

1. Flush the installation.
2. Chamber by chamber, pump out the contents of the septic tank and fill each chamber with clean water (no more than 40% of the volume of each) in the sequence: sludge stabilizer settling chamber – aeration tank chamber – receiving chamber. And so on until the water is completely clarified. After filling the septic tank, the level of clean water should be 180 cm from the bottom of the septic tank.
3. Clean pumps, airlifts and nozzles.
4. Disconnect the septic tank from the power supply.
5. Remove the compressors from the compressor compartment. In forced septic tanks, remove the pump.
6. Insulate the septic tank lid in winter.

The septic tank is a completely automated system, so it does not require complex maintenance. It is enough to follow the operating rules and inspect the installation from time to time to monitor its correct operation.

User manual

It is allowed to discharge into the sewer:

• toilet paper;
• water from washing machines provided that household washing powders are used for washing;
• Dishwasher drains;
• a small amount of cleaning products for plumbing, earthenware and kitchen utensils used in everyday life.

It is prohibited to discharge into the sewer:

• sand, lime, gypsum powder, metal shavings, soil, polymer films, plastic bags, hygiene bags, cigarette butts, films from cigarette packages, hair from dogs, cats and other pets;
• residues and peelings from vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, expired food, animal feed residues and other solid waste;
• medications, especially antibiotics, disinfectants, any substances containing chlorine;
• mineral fertilizer residues;
• drainage, rain and melt wastewater;
• water from purification systems drinking water and wash water from pool filters;
• hazardous chemical compounds, including explosive, toxic and flammable chemicals, such as machine oils, resins, fuel oil, antifreeze, acids, alkalis, alcohol, organic solvents;
• wastewater containing pathogens of infectious diseases.

Need to know:

• when there is a power outage, it is necessary to reduce water consumption, as the receiving chamber may overflow, which will lead to the release of untreated waste into the environment;
• application in large quantities cleaning products containing chlorine and other antiseptics lead to the death of activated sludge and loss of operation of the installation;
• If the accumulated excess activated sludge is not pumped out in time, it may thicken, which will lead to disruptions in the operation of the installation.

Now let’s look at the frequency of septic tank maintenance.

1. Once a week - visual control septic tank work. At proper operation device, the output water is visually clean, without an unpleasant odor.
2. Once every 3–4 months – remove excess activated sludge from the activated sludge stabilizer. In order to determine whether it is time to remove the sludge, it is necessary to collect a sample of the mixture from the stabilizer into a 1-liter glass jar. The mixture is allowed to sit for 30 minutes. During this time, the silt will sink to the bottom, and pure water will rise up. Pumping out sludge is necessary if the layer of sludge occupies half or more than half of the can. Pumping is performed using a built-in pump.
3. Once a year - clean the bottom of the receiving chamber from accumulated sediment.
4. Once every two years - replace the compressor membranes.
5. Once every three years - clean the bottom of the aeration tank chamber from accumulated sediment.
6. Once every ten years - replace the aeration elements on the aerators.

If the first five stages of maintenance are easy to do yourself, then to replace the aeration elements on aerators it is more practical to contact a service center.

Septic tank "TOPAS" is a modern technological solution for arranging an autonomous sewage system. Despite the high cost, this model is popular in different countries due to its effective wastewater treatment, ease of use and ease of operation.

To learn how to install a Topas septic tank, see the video below.

One of the ways to organize individual sewerage for a private house, cottage or summer house is to install an autonomous wastewater treatment plant. In short, such treatment plants are called AU, and in conversation the more familiar concept of “septic tank” is often used, although this is not entirely correct. Today we will talk about such an installation produced by the Topol Eco company. Their products are called Topas septic tank, they are widely distributed and have good reviews.

Modifications

The Topas septic tank looks like a plastic box with a lid. The body of the unit is made of polypropylene, so it does not corrode, rot, or react with the contents or the environment.

Exterior view of the Topas septic tank

These stations are produced with different capacities, designed to process different amounts of wastewater. From 4 to 20 people live in private houses and cottages at a time. For such cases, stations Topas 4, Topas 6, etc., up to Topas 20 are used. For servicing hotels and groups of houses, there are more productive ones designed for 30, 40, 50, 75, 100 and 150 people.

Models have been developed for different groundwater levels: low and high. At high level groundwater, you should choose a Topas septic tank with a postscript - Pr. These models are equipped with an additional pump for pumping moisture into drainage system, storm sewer, a separate container with the possibility of its further use, etc.

There are modifications for different depths of sewer pipes:

• up to 80 cm, models marked “standard” are suitable;
• at a depth of 80 to 140 cm - Long, have an elongated neck;
• for those buried deeper than 140 cm -240 cm - Long Us.

There are no installations for even deeper burial. When choosing an installation, you first need to decide on maximum number people who can live in the house at one time. In accordance with this, select the performance of the unit. Next, the groundwater level at the installation site of the Topas septic tank is taken into account, as well as the depth at which the supply communications should be located (depending on the depth of soil freezing in the region).

Design and principle of operation

This autonomous sewage treatment plant inside it is divided into four compartments, each of which has its own cleaning stage. The wastewater sequentially goes through all four stages of purification; at the end, as the manufacturer says, the degree of purification is 98%. Waste recycling occurs with the help of aerobic bacteria that live in the presence of oxygen. To ensure their vital functions, each compartment has aerators that pump air.

The Topas septic tank works according to the following principle:

• The wastewater enters the receiving chamber, where it begins to be processed by bacteria. While filling is in progress, air is supplied to the chamber to activate bacterial activity. During the process, insoluble particles settle to the bottom, while fat-containing particles rise to the surface. In this compartment there is a filter for large fractions - this is a large diameter pipe in which holes are made. There is a pump installed inside this pipe that pumps the water that has passed through the filter. Thus, the drainage enters the next compartment without large contaminants - they remain in the receiver and bacteria continue to process them. At this stage, the wastewater is purified by approximately 45-50%.
• From the receiving chamber, partially purified water is pumped into the second compartment - the aeration tank. When filling, aeration switches here, which allows you to raise pollution particles above the surface of the water. Since the shape of the chamber is pyramidal, they settle quickly. About 20-30% of contaminants still remain in this compartment. With the help of pumps and special airlifts, semi-purified wastewater enters the third chamber, and excess sludge from the bottom is pumped into the stabilizer chamber.
• The third and fourth chambers are similar in structure to the second. Here, according to the same principle, the final purification of wastewater occurs.
• Clarified water from the last compartment, by gravity or using pumps, is directed into the ground, into a container where water is stored for technical use, into a filtration column, etc.

As you understand, the entire operation of the Topas septic tank is based on the activity of bacteria. They require certain conditions - the presence of oxygen, positive temperature. Aerators supply bacteria with oxygen, so it is very important to provide the installation with continuous power supply. After turning off the power, bacteria can survive for 4-8 hours. If the air supply is not restored during this time, the installation will have to be populated with new ones.

Disadvantages and features of operation

When operated correctly, the Topas septic tank cleans drains well, and with regular maintenance it does not smell. With the right volume, it ensures a comfortable city-level existence even in the country. All this is true, but there are also disadvantages:

• Dependence on the availability of electricity.
• The need for regular maintenance (2-4 times a year, list and description of work below).
• Restriction on salvo discharge. Each Topas septic tank model can accept a certain volume of waste at a time. You cannot drain more than this volume. This can become a problem if there are a large number of guests.
• Not everything can be drained into an autonomous sewer system. Large fragments that do not pass through the drain grate are not allowed; newspapers or any insoluble fragments are not allowed to get into the drains. Disinfectants that can get there in large quantities have a very bad effect on bacteria.
• You need to take care of where you will drain/dispose of the treated wastewater. They cannot be used for watering a vegetable garden or garden, only for technical needs - watering the lawn, flower bed, etc., washing the car. Another option is to install a post-treatment station and discharge it into a drainage ditch (if there is one nearby), remove the treated wastewater into a filter column or pit filled with crushed stone for further treatment and absorption into the ground.
• In seasonal homes (dachas), it is necessary to preserve the system for the winter, otherwise the bacteria will die.

So there are certain restrictions on use. However, these settings give best effect than ordinary ones.

Installation and commissioning

Installation of a Topas septic tank begins with marking the site - it is necessary to determine the optimal installation position. Shouldn't be nearby big trees, shrubs, should be positioned so that the sewer pipes do not have to be pulled from the house very far, but at the same time, it is convenient to send the purified water for further processing.

Installation

A pit is dug in the selected location. Its dimensions are 30-40 cm larger than the dimensions of the septic tank body. The depth should be such that only the manhole cover remains on the surface. It must be remembered that a 10 cm layer of sand is poured onto the bottom of the pit.

The pit is dug to the required depth, the bottom is leveled, then sand is poured 5 cm thick, each layer is spilled and leveled. The latter needs to be leveled “to the horizon” - using a rule or an even bar on which the level is set.

A trench is being dug towards the pit from the house. Its depth depends on the level of the home sewer outlet. The width of the trench is at least 25 cm, but it is very difficult to work in one, so it usually turns out wider. When digging a trench, remember that the pipe must go from the house towards the septic tank with a slope of 2 cm by 1 meter. Making the slope more or less is not recommended. With a larger slope, the water will drain away quickly, and solid particles will remain in the pipe; a smaller slope will not provide the required speed of movement of the wastewater.

The bottom of the dug trench is leveled, a 10 cm layer of sand is poured onto it, compacted and leveled, forming the desired slope. A polypropylene sewer pipe for outdoor use is laid on the sand. Its diameter is 110 mm. When connecting segments, in addition to the O-rings, the joints are coated silicone sealant for outdoor work.

The pipeline is connected to the outlet of the drain and laid with a given slope in the trench. The slope is checked using a level. The pipe is filled with sand (not soil), which serves to compensate for soil pressure during frost heaving. They fill it up so that the top of the pipe is covered with sand.

In the same trench, along the sewer pipe, a power cable is laid that goes to the Topas septic tank. They usually take VVG cable 4*1.5 mm. It is placed in a HDPE pipe ( low pressure) with a diameter of 20 mm. The cable, wrapped in a protective sheath, is laid in a trench and brought into the house, where the cable ends with a plug. The second end of the cable will need to be connected to the septic tank.

The next stage of installing an autonomous Topas sewer system is installing the device in a prepared pit. It must be lowered carefully, without hitting it. Polypropylene, although a durable material, is still plastic, so it can crack upon impact. You can lower the Topas septic tank manually or using a crane. To allow the ropes to be securely fixed, there are holes in the ribs running along the perimeter of the body. A rope is pulled through them. One at the bottom, the second in the middle of the height. The rope should span two opposite sides of the body.

Holding these ropes, the installation is carefully lowered into the pit. Then, placing a level on the lid, check how level the Topas septic tank is.

There remains a gap of 20-30 cm between the walls of the body and the pit. It must be filled with sand. Gradually, we fill the walls in a circle, while simultaneously filling the septic tank with water. At the same time, we make sure that the water level and the sand level are approximately equal. Having poured a layer of 40-50 cm, the sand is spilled with water. At the same time, it becomes denser and falls lower in level. So, gradually, the pit is filled to the top. After this, we can assume that the Topas septic tank is installed, and the installation and connection of its equipment begins.

Installation of equipment

First we connect the power cable. To do this on entrance box remove the protective cover, connect the wires to mounting plate in accordance with the diagram. The ends of the conductors are stripped of 0.8-1 mm of insulation, inserted into the appropriate sockets, and secured with clamping screws.

The next stage is connecting the sewer system from the house. It is brought to the septic tank itself. In the place where the pipe will enter the body, draw a circle around the pipe. Then a hole is cut out using a jigsaw.

The hole is coated with silicone sealant. A piece of pipe with a socket at the end is inserted into it so that it grows

the rub is on the outside, and it should fit snugly against the body (you can tap it with your fist to make it fit well). The resulting joint is sealed by fusing a 7 mm thick polypropylene tape.

The sewage system supplied from the house is connected to the installed section of pipe (do not forget to coat the joints with silicone).

We install the pumps according to this marking, connecting pipes to their inputs (visible in the photo above). We install flexible couplings on the nozzles, put the other end on the pump inlet, and plug the plug into the socket on the body with the same number.

Actually, at this point we can assume that the Topas septic tank has been installed. All that remains is to carry out a test run. To do this, connect the Topas autonomous sewer system to the network and begin pouring water into the receiving compartment (no drains yet). Until the compartment is full, the float sensor is at the bottom, air flows into the receiving chamber. When the water level reaches a certain point, the float will float up, and the air supply will switch to the air tank - the second pyramid compartment. Then all that remains is to start using the sewer, monitoring the cleaning results. Let us say right away that in the first month, with intensive use, the drainage may be cloudy. This is because there are still few bacteria and they do not fully cope with their task. After a month the situation should improve.

Service

Autonomous wastewater treatment plants, which include the Topas septic tank, are often called sewerage without pumping. This does not mean that the installation does not require maintenance at all. The point is that there is no need to call a sewer truck, but it is necessary to remove sludge periodically. How often? 1-4 times a year, depending on the intensity of use.

It is also periodically necessary to remove from the receiving compartment fragments that bacteria cannot process. This operation is carried out with a net by opening the lid. And one more procedure is cleaning the filter for large fractions and airlifts. The efficiency of the installation depends on their condition.

Cleaning filters

Another operation that must be carried out regularly is cleaning the filters on the pumps. To do this, you need to unscrew the large plastic nuts that are located on the top of the pumps. By removing the nuts, you can lift the covers under which the filters are located. If the filters are clean, you don’t need to do anything with them; if there is contamination, they are washed in cold running water, dry and install in place.

Removing excess sludge

Excess activated sludge, which is formed during operation, enters the stabilizer chamber, where it is mineralized. They must be removed from this compartment periodically. The recommended frequency of the procedure is once every three months, but many determine that the time has come by the appearance of a smell, which indicates that sludge has accumulated. Removal occurs using a pump (air lift) located in the stabilization chamber. This process is simple, all you need is:

• Turn off the power (toggle switch).
• Put on gloves and place a bucket.
• Open the plug.
• Lower the hose into the bucket and turn on the pump.
• After cleaning the chamber, fill the chamber with clean water and close the cap.

This operation can be carried out using fecal pump. In this case, pumping can be done once a year.

Cleaning the filter and airlifts

During operation, the filter and airlifts become dirty, which affects the efficiency of wastewater treatment. To restore them they need to be cleaned. This is done using a powerful stream of water; the air cleaner nozzles are cleaned manually - using a needle. The procedure for cleaning a Topas septic tank is as follows:

• Turn off the power.
• Disconnect the air supply hoses and remove the pumps from the housing.
• Spray with a stream of water under pressure - outside and inside.
• When cleaning the air cleaner, clean the nozzles with a needle.
• Put everything in place, add water to the operating level, turn it on and check the operation.

This is all necessary work for maintenance of Topas septic tank.

It’s hard to imagine modern life without using latest technologies. One of the innovations is the autonomous sewage system Topas, intended for private country houses. The installation is produced by the Russian group of companies Topol-Eco, which specializes in modern treatment systems.

Existing modifications of the Topas autonomous system

Septic tank Topas is a complex for treating any wastewater on a biological basis. Autonomous sewerage meets all necessary requirements. It performs three main functions:

• collects sewage waste;
• cleanses;
• recycles.

Manufacturers have developed numerous modifications of local stations that are capable of solving the most complex tasks plot owners. Engineering projects took into account many factors, including the needs of people, soil properties, temperature regime. The Topas septic tank is presented in several modifications.

Performance

The treatment plant serves not only private houses and cottages, but also entire hotel complexes or a group of buildings, without. Depending on the number of people living, products are classified as Topas 4, Topas 5, Topas 6 and so on.

The operating potential of the system is designed to simultaneously serve from 100 to 150 people. Septic tank Topas 100 and 150 are technically different from the basic models. It is equipped with a reinforced body, large tanks, powerful aeration equipment with forced drainage.

Ground water level

For high performance, Topas models have been developed with an additional pump for pumping liquid into a special container or. Stations are marked “PR”. When installing them, you need to take into account the electrical supply.

Depth of sewer lines

“Standard” products are designed for a depth of 0.4 to 0.8 m from the surface of the earth.

The “Long” variety of Topas with an elongated body is suitable for laying pipes at a depth of 0.9 to 1.5 m.

Topas "Long US" are intended for pipes buried at an elevation of 1.5 to 2.4 m.

And also on the design of the sewer system. Single-body and double-body options are available.

Characteristics of autonomous sewage system Topas

Autonomous sewage system Topas can improve the quality of life outside the city. The station has proven itself with the best side, therefore it is widely used by owners of summer cottages. has the following individual features:

• Complex small sizes. It is easy to find the required area for sewerage, with an area of ​​no more than 1 m2.
• Sewerage can be installed in any place suitable for drains.
• A simplified water drainage system, its use for other purposes, for example, for watering plants.
• Non-volatile septic tanks bring water to a certain state with irreversible discharge into the ground.
• Easy installation and Maintenance installations. If unforeseen circumstances arise, you can fix the problem yourself.
• Operation in all weather conditions. The cold season does not affect the activity of the aerobic bacteria located inside.
• The system eliminates swamping of the area. It is intended for any type of soil: clay, sandy, loamy, with quicksand.

The structure and principle of operation of the sewerage system

Autonomous sewage system Topas is a complex device. The design of the installation consists of four working chambers, each of which has an individual cleaning method. The filtration cycle eliminates contact of sewage with the surrounding area. The waste decomposition process is multi-stage.

Camera No. 1

Wastewater with organic contaminants enters the receiving compartment and undergoes preliminary treatment. Large fraction filters installed in the first chamber decompose sewage into small particles. At the first stage of processing, the liquid is purified by 50%.

Camera No. 2

From a receiving tank, a pump pumps waste into a pyramidal chamber called an aeration tank. Insoluble compounds settle to the bottom, oily ones float to the surface. Mechanical purification of fractions occurs. The second sector is the main element of the sewer system. The aerobic bacteria found in it absorb waste residues that did not disappear in the first stage.

The incoming oxygen helps to intensify their activity. An important role is played by filters, which transport sludge and other heavy impurities into a special container - a stabilizer.

Chambers No. 3 and 4

The third and fourth working chambers are similar to the second compartment. They carry out the final treatment of wastewater, which is discharged outside.

The biological filtration system produces an environmentally friendly liquid at the output, which can be released into the ground or reused. If it is not possible to discharge treated liquids into the ground, the complex is additionally equipped with a drainage pump compartment, which ensures a wastewater treatment cycle.

The vital activity of microorganisms depends on two factors:

• The presence of oxygen, which is supplied by electrical power.
• Plus temperature inside the tank.

Without oxygen, bacteria live for several hours and then die. In this case, the Topas septic tank is equipped with new living producers.

Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous sewage system Topas

With stable operation, the treatment station gives good result. Compared to other sewer systems, it has many advantages:

• Compact, convenient design. The closing lid gives access to the internal space of the installation.
• Wide variety of models.
• Durable housing with thermal insulation properties.
• Absence of unfavorable factors: noise, smell.
• Energy efficiency.
• Self-discharge of purified liquid without using a pump.
• There is no need to operate sewage disposal equipment.

Despite a large number of positive factors, autonomous sewerage is not without its disadvantages:

• Energy dependence.
• Regular maintenance – up to four times a year.
• Limited discharge: each installation model is designed for a certain volume. This must be taken into account when receiving guests.
• Waste limitation: large and insoluble components and disinfectants must not enter the filters.
• The need to preserve the complex for the winter, subject to seasonal residence outside the city. This set of measures will preserve beneficial bacteria.
• High cost due to production costs.

Installation of sewage system Topas

Before installation work sewer system, it is important to take into account the following circumstances:

• Terrain conditions: trees and bushes are not allowed nearby.
• Optimal location: the treatment station should be located from a residential building within a radius of at least 5 m.
• Installation features: no pipeline turns or the presence of a pipe with a bend of more than 300.

Installing the complex involves performing several sequential actions.

Dig a pit using machinery or manually:

• The width should exceed the dimensions of the product body by 50 cm.
• The depth is calculated so that the septic tank hatch cover remains on the surface.
• Make a 15-centimeter layer of sand: the material is poured five centimeters at a time, moistened with water, leveled using timber and a building level.
• For ease of maintenance and to prevent flooding during spring floods, the local station should be elevated above the ground.
• If there is additional concrete base The height of the pit is calculated by its depth.
• The walls of the pit are reinforced with an auxiliary wooden structure - formwork.

A trench with a width of 25 cm is drawn from the building to the excavation. Its depth is determined by the level of the sewerage system. The drain pipe should be located at a slope of 5–10 mm per meter:

• The bottom is covered with a 10 cm layer of sand, compacted, leveled, and a slope is formed.
• Stacked polypropylene pipe with a diameter of 110 mm for external networks, the joints are sealed.
• If the depth of the pipeline is below the zero ground level, the pipe is insulated.
• The angle of inclination is checked with a building level.
• The pipe is covered with sand.
• An electrical cable in a protective sheath is laid along the laid drainage system.

Final stages

A septic tank is installed in the prepared pit. This can be done manually or using special equipment:

• When lowering the device around the perimeter of the body, slings are used.
• The distance between the excavation and the septic tank is covered with sand in a circle.
• At the same time, the septic tank is filled with water.
• The level of liquid and sand should be equal.

Commissioning of autonomous sewerage involves:

• Connecting the power cable.
• Commissioning of the house sewer system.
• Installation of pumps.
• Launch of the Topas system. It is better to entrust such actions to qualified specialists.

Septic tank care Topas

Autonomous sewage system Topas works for a long time and efficiently, but subject to the operating rules:

• It is prohibited for chemical substances to enter the station: medications, acids, alkalis. They can destroy beneficial microorganisms.
• Disposal of food waste is unacceptable. This will cause the septic tank to malfunction.
• In the absence of electricity, the amount of liquid discharged must be kept to a minimum.
• Drains must not contain inorganic substances, such as sand.

Regular system maintenance is required:

• Once every three years, the compressor membranes are cleaned using a hydrodynamic method.
• Aeration devices are updated once every twelve years.
• If the complex works all year round, accumulated sludge is removed from the stabilizer once every four months.
• Periodically, substances that cannot be processed by bacteria are removed from the receiving chamber.

Every two years, comprehensive maintenance is carried out, which involves pumping out sludge, washing containers, cleaning filters for large fractions, and inspecting the pump and other elements of the system.

After the procedures for cleaning the equipment, the septic tank is filled two-thirds with clean water and put into operation.