Spraying the garden in spring is one of the main agricultural activities. But, unfortunately, not everyone knows about this. Many owners of personal plots approach this process in the spring formally, without really thinking about the main essence of the agronomic procedure. In this case, spraying the garden in spring can turn into a merciless and pointless task. Everyone probably understands the great desire to protect your garden from various diseases and pests. In the conditions of central Russia, the fruit and berry harvest is constantly threatened by at least 60-70 species of different insect pests, and approximately 20 types of infectious diseases. People have effective methods to combat them. But in in this case, food and the environment can become dangerous for the person himself. Finding balance is the main task of carrying out spring work. In this article we decided to tell you about what to spray the garden with. in early spring from diseases and pests. All the remedies that we present here will be effective and, moreover, safe for the person himself.
Some extremes at the time of spraying
Refusal of processing.
It should be recognized that the complete absence of large preventive irrigation is far from the worst option. Naturally, this will be more reasonable than excessiveness.
- You can relax a little if your garden plot is still young and has not yet been able to accumulate many different harmful substances and organisms.
- You can plant resistant and unpretentious varieties in your garden. There are apple trees without scab, roses without problem, gooseberries without spheroteca, black currants without red-headed aphids and mites, strawberries without gray rot.
- It is necessary to constantly carry out various agricultural works (pruning, thinning, deoxidation, digging, mulching, fertilizing the soil, installing traps, etc.)
- It is very useful to spray trees with the onset of spring and until the beginning of autumn with various simulators and biological preparations: Zircon, Gumi, Epin, biopesticides Strobi and Fitoferon, microbiological preparations such as Fitosparin.
- Many proponents of organic farming may simply give up if their garden keeps dying. a large number of harvest. In this case, there is only one way out: searching for a compromise, namely, causing minimal harm when receiving maximum benefit. It is necessary to reduce the number of diseases and pests, without forgetting about the environment.
All at once
How to spray the garden in the spring before everything blooms? This question can be heard in every garden store in the spring. Even the simplest question from some reasonable salesperson: Do you need a pest or disease control? May cause buyer confusion. Of course, some seller can sell the treasured goods, to great joy buyer. As we see: there will be two results. And they are both unfortunately disappointing:
- There is practically no effect from the treatment.
- The garden will accumulate poisons.
Despite any advertising that is very convincing at first glance and our busyness, it is necessary to stop for a couple of minutes and try to face the truth: there is no one super-ideal preparation and timing for spraying the garden in the spring against pests and diseases.
Spring is an elastic concept
In many gardening recommendations, it is necessary to divide the seasons into natural and calendar ones. For carrying out agricultural work, two main natural indicators are important (according to different regions in our country, the dates will differ by a month or more) - development stages and air temperature in the garden in spring:
- Until the buds swell.
- Budding.
- Bloom.
- The green cone is the beginning of the appearance of leaves.
- Young ovaries.
Such a concept as spring spraying is very conditional, since there is no clear boundary between the summer and spring periods. But still, two important stages can be defined: the treatment of plants before the buds swell on them and the period after this event (when buds appear and leaves protrude).
When, how and with what should you spray your garden against diseases and pests?
The most early is the phase of dormant buds. The very first spraying should be carried out in early spring at low temperatures in the garden (+3, +6 degrees, or slightly higher). But this must be done before the buds swell, while the plants are still dormant. Almost everywhere there is a different rate of snow melting and the depth of its cover. Yes, besides, cultures wake up after winter in different time. Based on this, sometimes it is not possible to meet one specific day. Quite early, honeysuckle and black currant begin to wake up from their winter sleep. But as for strawberries, covered grapes and roses, these crops can remain under snow cover for a long time.
Exceptions for plants.
Which ones exactly? garden plants You may not need to spray during this period of time.
- Honeysuckle very rarely gets sick and practically does not suffer from pests.
- The same goes for blackberries.
- If modern varieties of black currant are planted on your garden plot, which are not susceptible to bud mites and powdery mildew, then there is no point in spraying in early spring.
- There is no need to spray fungicides on those gooseberry varieties that tolerate spheroteca.
- In many household plots, sea buckthorn is also not susceptible to disease.
- If serious problems do not appear on your pears in the garden every year, then they also do not need to be treated.
- If your garden has previously had good and prosperous years, then you will not need protection from diseases for those varieties of apple trees that have tolerance to moniliosis and immunity to scab.
Many perennial flowers and ornamental shrubs an individual approach is required.
One of the most important points is to identify a number of problem-free plants that do not require additional care: for a person - saving his personal time, money and effort. And the most important thing is the benefits environment. Chemical treatment of the garden should be carried out if there is a real risk.
Spray coverage area
In this article you can also learn about when you need to spray your garden against pests in the spring. Until the buds swell, fruit trees and berry plants (gooseberries, plums, strawberries, raspberries, cherries, cherry plums, sweet cherries, apricots, peach and grapes), flower beds and rose gardens need to be treated. During this period of time, this effect will mainly be aimed at protecting against various diseases, and partly at pests, which are still sleeping at this time.
What should be treated: optimal spraying methods
Hot water.
Having brought a bucket of water to a boil, you must immediately pour it into a watering can and water blackberry and currant bushes of any color. This procedure can partially destroy some types of wintering diseases and pests. Water at a temperature of +65 degrees must be poured from a watering can onto the strawberry bushes.
"Blue spray": Bordeaux mixture.
This event is very old. It was invented almost two centuries ago. But to this day it is the most effective and useful. It is directed against almost all bacterial and fungal infections on the soil surface and on all crops. This procedure is carried out using strong Bordeaux mixture (at a concentration of approximately 3% (but not one percent, as for green foliage). In the instructions for this drug, you can find discrepancies in the ratio of copper sulfate and lime in the solution. This is due to the fact that In the original recipe, quicklime was used, but now slaked lime (or calcium hydroxide) is used. And the latter requires much more. After you have purchased the Bordeaux mixture, it is better to follow the included instructions exactly. about preparing a one percent solution. As for a three percent solution, in this case it is necessary to reduce the amount of water by three times. necessary ingredients on your own, take 100 grams per 3 liters of water. quicklime and copper sulfate. An alternative to this drug is Burgundy liquid. The solution must be prepared in the same way as Bordeaux mixture, only in place of the lime it is necessary to use soda (baking or calcined). In rare cases, you should add a spoonful of sugar or soap. In addition, there is an option where soda is replaced with ammonia or mustard powder. Next, you need to let the resulting mixture boil a little. After this, treatment should be carried out immediately.
Drug 30+.
The official manufacturer is NPF Sober. This drug is petroleum jelly, which was previously used to combat scale insects in early spring in Krasnodar region. As a result, it turned out that this product does not pose any danger to humans, but interferes with the breathing of insects that hibernate on the branches of trees and shrubs. After spraying in the spring, scale insects and other insects and their larvae overwintering in the crowns die. One liter of this drug must be diluted in 2 buckets of water and then sprinkled with the resulting solution in the garden, spending approximately one liter per bush and up to 5 liters per large tree. This product is very dangerous for bees.
More options for spring spraying
Don’t know at what temperature you can spray your garden in the spring? Then it’s worth mentioning that they do this in early autumn. In spring, a strong urea solution is also used (600 g per bucket). Sometimes copper sulfate (50g) is added. Iron sulfate is also used for spraying. It is often used to control moss and lichen, and also against diseases on roses, grapes, and fruit trees. One kg of iron sulfate must be dissolved in 20 liters of water.
The two remedies described above are very scalding. And many gardeners advise using them not in early spring, but in late autumn. In addition, treatment with these drugs in the spring can delay bud break in the garden for a week or two.
On a note! Many agronomists do not recommend using folk remedies such as diesel fuel, salt or kerosene. Particular attention should be paid to Nitrofen. This drug has long been recognized as a dangerous carcinogen. It was banned for use in most countries of the world, including our country.
Spraying at the stage of bud bursting and bud protrusion
In order to find out what to spray the garden in the spring before the buds open, you need to carefully read this article. Here you can see a lot of interesting things for yourself. Now it’s worth informing about the spraying rules that apply at the stage of bud break and bud formation. During this period of time, many harmful organisms, both small and large, gradually wake up from hibernation. If spring is rainy and cool, this will contribute to the development of various diseases. And if the weather is sunny and warm, then insects begin to appear.
Spraying against diseases (fungicides)
Preparations with copper.
For complete processing, it is not too late to use Bordeaux mixture - only at a concentration of 1%. Grapes, flowers, apple and pear trees, plums, cherries must be treated with HOM or Abiga-Peak in early spring.
Biological products.
In the spring, many gardeners carry out the first two treatments, using preparations such as Alirin (fruit trees, strawberries), phytosporin (they treat everything), Fitolavin (apple trees). This group also includes such a remedy as Strobi. The drug is a fungicide of natural origin. used on pear and apple trees at the beginning of their growing season.
The drug Prognosis (and other drugs with propiconazole).
Products of identical composition: Agrolekar, Forecast, Propi Plus, Chistoflor. These drugs are modern fungicides that are not very toxic. They process berries in the budding phase: raspberries, strawberries (from gray rot), gooseberries, currants.
Pureflower (and other products with difenoconazole).
Similar contents are represented by such drugs as Rayek, Chistotsvet, Khranitel, Skor, Diskor, Plantenol. They are used on stone fruits and pome crops, as well as on roses and other flowers.
Topaz (penconazole).
In spring, Topaz is a preventive measure powdery mildew on flowers, gooseberries and currants.
Thiovit Jet.
This drug protects currants, roses and apple trees from powdery mildew.
Horus.
It is used for processing grapes and all stone and pome crops. Not very dangerous to birds, bees and people.
Spraying against pests (insecticides)
In this phase, biological insecticides are practically useless: since during this period of time there are no caterpillars, no aphids, no spider mites. It makes sense to use poison only if a large number of pests were observed in the past year (raspberry beetle, weevil, sea buckthorn fly, leaf rollers, codling moths, etc.). It is impossible to spray during flowering.
Pyrethroid poisons.
These are Iskra Double Effect, Inta-Vir, Decis, Kinmiks.
Organophosphate poison (malathion).
These are Iskra M, Fufanon, Karbofos.
Double poisons.
This is Inta-CM, Alatar,
It is recommended to use copper preparations separately. And other fungicides can be mixed with pesticides.
Finally
Today, thanks to this article, you were able to learn about how to spray trees in the garden in the spring. We hope that these measures will be able to protect your garden from various types of pests and diseases. As a result of these activities, your garden will be able to bring you a rich harvest of delicious fruits.
Spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseasesWith the onset of spring, our eyes are drawn to nature, awakening from a long sleep. It seems to us that everything around us is playing with an amazing riot of colors, a rich and enchanting palette. And I just want to quickly start preparing the garden for such a long-awaited period of fruiting.
To do this you need to take a closer look orchard to determine the extent of damage after prolonged cold weather, and then begin removing damaged branches and directly processing trees and shrubs. But why do you need to carry out spring gardening? What stages does this process include, and what means will be most effective in controlling pests and diseases?
Why and when is it best to carry out spring gardening?
To combat them, it is necessary to use chemical and organic treatments. spring garden. It directly depends on the skills and degree of professionalism of gardeners: whether the care provided will be able to preserve and increase the harvest of fruits from the garden. It is advisable to carry out these actions regularly and in a timely manner. It is necessary to start immediately after the cold weather has subsided and continue during flowering and fruit set.
Stages of garden treatment in spring against pests and diseases
- in early spring;
- before buds bloom on trees and bushes;
- before and after the flowering process;
- during the appearance of ovaries on fruits.
Spraying the garden in early spring
As a rule, whitewashing tree trunks is done before the onset of cold weather, that is, in the fall. It will help avoid attacks by rodents and keep the bark intact, preventing it from cracking from the frosty wind. In the spring it is only checked after wintering and corrected if necessary. However, if you were not previously aware of the need for treatment, the beginning of caring for trees and shrubs begins in early spring, before the buds begin to bloom. When the snow melts, gardeners begin cleaning up the area summer cottage, remove insulation from the wrapped trunks, remove dead branches. Then they begin spring treatment against annoying insects.
First of all, the tree trunks are cleaned of all kinds of fungi, then the bark is treated with lime mortar. It is prepared this way:
- 2 kg of lime or lime paste are diluted in 10 liters of water;
- add 1 kg of clay and 300-350 g of copper sulfate to the resulting liquid (this will significantly enhance the protective effect);
- knead thoroughly;
- The resulting solution is used to treat the trunks and bases of the branches.
This procedure is carried out to burn out the eggs and larvae of insects that remain on the bark and in the cracks of the trunk after winter.
There are also modern, slightly more expensive, but much more effective means that make it much easier and faster to whiten wood to protect it from attacks by insects and rodents. In addition, they contain fungicides that will protect against most diseases. They cope with these tasks:
- acrylic whitewash such as Green Squre;
- acrylic paints, for example Concorde East;
- lime pastes containing copper sulfate, such as Sadovnik.
One more effective means In pest control, diesel fuel (diesel fuel, which can be bought at any gas station) is considered. By spraying the plantings evenly with it, you will create a protective oily film and thereby rid all pome and stone fruit plants of annoying insects. Their larvae and eggs will suffocate under a ball of diesel fuel (within 2-3 hours) and will not harm unopened flower stalks and blossoming leaves.
Spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases before bud break
The second stage in the fight for the garden is the treatment of trees and bushes until the buds awaken. These measures are carried out to protect them from hatching insect larvae and pathogens of various diseases.
When using them, it is advisable to carefully study the instructions for use, because it is recommended to spray certain trees and shrubs with separate products. For greater efficiency, you can use a solution of insecticides (Anabasine, Trichlorol, DDT) and fungicides (Strobi, Horus, Teldor) of contact action (preparations for preventive treatment against all kinds of diseases).
Or you can prepare an insecticidal agent yourself from herbs, tobacco and orange peel. It is prepared like this:
- 2 hundred gram glasses of crushed tobacco are poured into a 3-liter jar;
- add a handful of garlic and onion peels, pine needles and orange peels;
- all components are filled with water at a temperature of approximately 70 degrees;
- The glass container is tightly closed with a lid and placed in a warm place for a week;
- after this drainage, the strained tincture is diluted with warm water to 10 liters;
- stir, gradually adding 100 g of crushed tar soap;
- The entire garden is sprayed with the finished product, repeating the procedure 10-12 days until flowering.
Treating the garden in spring against diseases and pests before and during the flowering process
Before the blossoming process begins, the buds of trees and shrubs are treated to protect them from the invasion of codling moth caterpillars, as well as from the development of scab and spotting. You can use Carbofox by adding 10% of the drug at the rate of 70 g per 10 liters of water room temperature. During flowering experienced gardeners It is not recommended to take any action.
When the flowering period ends, garden treatment is carried out for prevention, in order to increase immunity from the disease.
The period of blooming of inflorescences coincides with the emergence of ticks from wintering. To resist them, you need to treat the crops with colloidal sulfur (80 g of 70% paste is dissolved in 10 liters of soapy water). If you miss this moment and do not carry out protection in time, ticks will cause significant damage to all plantings.
Spring cultivation of the garden during the appearance of fruit ovaries
The fourth stage of spring processing is carried out to protect future fruits from putrefactive diseases and remaining pests. Before taking active action, it is advisable to inspect all trees and shrubs for the presence of visible enemies, since chemical exposure to potent agents can only harm the ovaries.
Spraying can be carried out with copper oxychloride, Bordeaux mixture, urea or other combination drugs with a wide range of actions. But at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the air humidity does not exceed the permissible norm, otherwise the leaves may suffer from burns.
Insects are pests of the garden and vegetable garden. Garlic extract is a reliable way to get rid of
To protect your garden from aphids, copperheads, and rust, you should sprinkle them with garlic tincture. It is prepared quite simply:
- half a kilogram of garlic is crushed, diluted in 3-5 liters of water;
- filter and squeeze out the grounds;
- soak again in water;
- the resulting solutions are passed through a sieve;
- mix and add liquid to 10 liters.
This strong-smelling garlic extract will repel pests. There are other tinctures and herbal decoctions with which you can try to protect your garden. But there is no guarantee that they will be more effective than chemicals.
There is no specific technology for garden processing in spring, but there are a number of rules that, if followed, will help you cope with this labor-intensive and scrupulous work.
Spraying order
Trees and bushes must be treated from head to toe. That is, the crowns are sprayed first, then the branches, and lastly the trunk and the soil around it.
Time and conditions of work
The optimal time to conduct gardening work This type is considered to be early morning. Dry, calm weather with no obvious signs of increased humidity is best. Then the solution will be instantly absorbed, will act quickly and will not cause damage to the leaves and inflorescences.
Calculation of the amount of solution
In order for the drugs to act effectively, but not harm the plantings, it is necessary to correctly calculate their consumption. Of course, the instructions indicate how to breed them, and such a calculation will only help determine how many of them need to be purchased.
So: approximately 1.5 liters of solution is consumed for one young tree, and 5.5 liters for an adult tree; The bushes receive from 0.6 to 1.5 liters of liquid, depending on the size of the crowns.
Garden cultivation in spring - stone fruit trees
To prevent infection of stone fruit crops in the garden with clasterosporium blight, moniliosis, and powdery mildew, they should be treated before and after flowering with copper oxychloride (40 g of 90% substance per 10 liters of water).
And to protect fruit plants from leaf curl, you can use the fungicide “Skor”; it is safe and low-toxic. It must be used only after flowering; the mixture is prepared at the rate of 3 g per 10 liters of liquid. Controlling garden pests in the spring will help preserve and increase the fruit harvest.
Pome care
Very often, this group of plants suffers from diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms (scab, rot). To prevent their spores from spreading throughout the garden, you should treat the trunks and base of the branches with a 7% urea solution in early spring for prevention.
Equipment for garden processing, its care and safety rules when carrying out spring work
For ease of processing of plantings, use:
- Sprayer. This is the most effective method carry out quick and economical garden treatment. There are various models of sprayers on the market (Proton OB-14, Sadko GSP-3325, Solo 451-02). Their choice depends on the tank capacity, power and liquid flow per minute;
- Whitewash brush. It can be used both for whitewashing trunks and for describing. Just keep in mind that the solution consumption will be far from economical;
- Electric pumps. Labor-intensive, but reliable, proven method. Now popular and available brands are AL-KO Jet 3000 Classic, 3000/4 GARDENA;
- Plastic sprayer. You can make it yourself from a regular bottle by screwing a dispenser to the neck (buy at a flower shop). This mini-unit is convenient for caring for low-growing plants.
All of the above equipment must be thoroughly washed, dried and ventilated after completing one or another stage of processing. It is important not to forget about proper storage of the tool and its handling for the winter.
Safety rules for treating gardens against pests and diseases
To protect your skin and internal organs from unwanted hits chemicals or their vapors, all safety rules must be strictly followed.
- Carefully study the labels on drug packaging, in which manufacturers clearly indicate which group this product belongs to and what precautions should be taken when working with it.
- Cover your airways with a respirator or gauze bandage, and hide your eyes under glasses. By these actions you will certainly protect your respiratory organs from harmful fumes and allergic reactions.
- Be sure to wear a protective suit and gloves. This will protect the body from chemical burns.
Bottom line
Treating the garden in the spring against pests and diseases is a troublesome, time-consuming and expensive task, but it is worth it. If you carry out all the steps correctly, strictly follow all the instructions, follow all the rules, the result will not be long in coming. All your hard work will soon be rewarded with a high-quality harvest.
Processing fruit trees in the spring is one of the cornerstones laid for a rich future harvest. Although autumn treatment destroys some pests, it is more aimed at preserving fruit trees in cold weather. winter time. Spring allows you to control the number harmful insects and disease outbreaks. In fact, garden maintenance only stops during the winter months. The rest of the time, trees require a different procedure. And all this is subject to a certain scheme for treating fruit trees: immediately after the snow melts, it is too early to fight fungal diseases on fruit, and in the summer it may be too late to fight caterpillars and other insects.
Preparing plants in the garden
The first treatment of fruit trees after winter is carried out in March immediately after the snow melts from the trees. The air temperature is still low, the insects are sleeping, and there is a chance to manually remove some of the pests. During this treatment, branches that died in winter are cut off, old bark is removed and annual shoots are pruned. The eggs of hawthorns and lacewings overwinter under the loose old bark, and ringed silkworm nests are located in annual shoots. If the trees have been insulated for the winter, they are “undressed”.
When to start treating trees
Treatment of fruit crops against diseases and pests in the spring begins when the temperature reaches above zero of 4-6 °C. From this moment on, treatments of trees, either from insects or from diseases, begin one after another.
Treatment of fruit trees in early spring
After the snow near the trunks has melted to the ground, treatment is carried out against the apple blossom beetle. The fight against harmful insects begins in early to mid-April.
Important! In the spring, you should not delay treating apple trees against this pest.
The apple blossom beetle wakes up at + 8 °C. Before this moment, you need to have time to whitewash the trees and place hunting belts with glue on the trunks. At higher temperatures, fungal diseases become more active, and in this case, hunting belts are no longer necessary.
Spraying trees before flowering
The first spring treatment of fruit trees against fungal diseases is carried out even before the buds open during the “green cone”, that is, the swelling of the buds. Sap flow begins immediately at positive temperatures, and the kidneys Middle lane begin to swell at the end of April. At this time, spring treatment of fruit trees from fruit rot and scab is carried out. For spraying you can use:
- Bordeaux mixture 1%. In 10 liters of water take 100 g of lime and copper sulfate.
- Copper sulfate solution. 100 g of crystals per 10 liters of water.
- Carticide;
- Abigapik.
The last 3 are industrial fungicides. Breeding instructions are included with them.
Important! The timing of treating fruit trees against pests in the spring is strictly tied to the development cycle of insects.
Most insecticides act on insects at a certain stage of development. Whatever works on adults is safe for their clutches. During the swelling of the buds, the pear is sprayed against ticks with colloidal sulfur (100 g per 10 liters of water) or Neoron.
Spraying the garden during flowering
The main spring treatment of fruit trees against pests falls during the flowering period. In May, all insects have already woken up and are actively breeding. Biologically active agents are used against leaf rollers:
- Fitoverm;
- Biotoxibacillin;
- Lepidocide.
The preparations are diluted according to the instructions and sprayed on fruit crops.
Before the end of flowering, cherries and plums are sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture twice. The second treatment is done 2 weeks after the first. Spraying will protect these trees from fungal diseases:
- scab;
- perforated spotting;
- coccomiosis;
- monilial burn.
Immediately after flowering, these trees are sprayed with insecticides against scale insects: Karbofos or Aktara.
Processing during fruit formation
At the end of May, codling moths are born and lay eggs in the developing ovaries. The larvae develop in fruits throughout the entire period of harvest ripening. Those “half-worms” that can be seen by biting off a piece of an apple are the codling moth larva almost ready for pupation. Codling moths affect not only apples, but also plums, pears and peaches.
Strong industrial insecticides are used against these moths when treating fruit and berry trees in late spring. After 2 weeks, the treatment is repeated.
The first month of summer can be considered late spring, since astronomical summer begins only on June 21. Trees may need to be treated again against codling moths this month. In the same month, trees are attacked by aphids and silkworms. Pest control in June is carried out with an eye to the timing of crop ripening. In some cases, you will have to use only folk remedies.
Important! Treatment agents need to be changed, as insects adapt to the poison.
How to treat fruit trees in spring
Depending on the month and the presence of leaves, flowers and ovaries, different preparations can be used to treat trees: from chemicals to folk repellents. Chemicals can be safely used in early spring at the stage of plant awakening and right up to the appearance of ovaries. When the harvest ripens chemicals You need to use them carefully, checking their expiration date. If possible, it would be better to switch to biological agents, the main active ingredient of which is bacteria.
Folk remedies can be used at any time, even just before harvest. But these substances do not destroy, but repel insects. From the point of view of population control, folk remedies are of little use.
Chemicals
Among the chemicals used for spraying in spring:
- lime;
- copper sulfate;
- inkstone;
- Bordeaux mixture;
- industrial insecticides against pests.
Lime is the easiest to use. Tree trunks are whitewashed with it, and still bare branches are sprayed with lime water.
Copper and iron sulfate are used in the same way. Solutions of these substances are one of the first to be used in the spring, before the buds have yet opened. 100 g of any of the vitriols are diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed on fruit trees. It is advisable to use iron sulfate on plums, pears and apple trees. These crops are in great need of iron. Spraying iron sulfate will not only help fight diseases and pests, but will also provide fruit trees with iron.
Bordeaux mixture is a mixture of lime and copper sulfate diluted in water. The functions are the same as the individual components.
Insecticides
It is advisable to choose insecticides with a prolonged action. Many modern drugs penetrate plant tissue and remain there for up to 2 weeks. Therefore, these formulations cannot be used shortly before harvest. In spring, chemical insecticides will be harmless to people. For pest control use:
- Fastak;
- Tsimbus;
- Arrivo;
- Decis;
- Sherpa;
- Karate;
- Tsitkor;
- Fury;
- Kinmiks;
- Fastak;
- Karbofos;
- Calypso;
- other drugs.
Instructions for use are indicated on the packages, but general rule for liquid substances: for aphids 1 ml per 10 liters of water, for mites 2 ml per 10 liters.
Biological agents
Biological methods of control involve the use natural enemies garden pests. It can be:
The insects will deal with each other themselves, the main thing is not to destroy all living things in the garden. Birds are lured into the garden in the spring by constructing nests for them. But birds are also dangerous. They can also eat the harvest.
Important! The composition is used immediately after preparation; after an hour it loses its toxic properties.
The need to use the substance immediately after preparation - common problem all biological drugs. During preparation, bacteria come out of their dormant state and become activated. Without receiving the food they need, microorganisms die.
Folk remedies
Traditional methods of control are more suitable for repelling harmful insects. These substances have no effect on fungi and pathogenic bacteria. Or they act, killing the plant at the same time. TO folk remedies relate:
- soda;
- ammonia;
- vinegar;
- laundry soap solution;
- ash;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- decoctions of repellent herbs.
It is better to use these products not in the spring, but in last stage harvest ripening, when there is little time left before the fruit is harvested. During this period, the drugs can repel insects, but will not harm people. After harvesting, tree foliage is treated with chemicals that destroy pathogenic microorganisms.
In order not to get confused about the timing and procedure for treating fruit trees, make a calendar of gardening work by month.
From June, it is better not to use Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate and other preparations containing copper. They can cause burns on fruits and leaves. Especially if you spray the plants in cloudy weather.
When spraying the foliage of trees, make sure that the product also gets on the back side of the leaves.
Conclusion
Treatment of fruit trees in spring, carried out in right time and appropriate preparations, provides the gardener with a good harvest. The main thing is not to be lazy to treat the trees in early spring, when the plants are just waking up.
Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of warmer weather, changes in the garden occur rapidly. The buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still dormant yesterday, and everything is literally coming to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this is good news. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - insect pests and pathogens.
Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiosis, maniliosis, scab, powdery mildew - the list could take a long time, yes, I think you know them yourself. How can we make sure that there are no such uninvited guests in the garden, or at least fewer of them?
There are different ways to achieve this goal, but perhaps the simplest and most popular is spraying the garden with effective chemicals. Of course, I know about the harm that these products can cause to the environment, animals and us, but still... How many are ready to give them up? In my opinion, the situation here is approximately the same as with mineral fertilizers. You can argue about this for a long time, but for many it is simple and effective, the main thing is to use it “wisely.” So, when and what to spray in the spring to make it “smart”?
When should you start spraying your garden against pests and diseases?
The first thing you need to understand is that you are unlikely to solve the problem with a one-time spraying. After all, all the “problems” arise not only in your garden, but also in the surrounding area. Get rid of it for a short time, but the breeze will bring a new portion of pests and diseases. Therefore, in the spring it is worth spraying 4 times.
Second. The fight should begin immediately with the onset of the first warm days (in different regions it’s different and it makes no sense to name specific dates). If you miss the first moment, and all this “evil spirits” begins to spread and spread throughout the garden, then it will be more difficult to fight it. And now specifically.
The first spring spraying is the most important
In my opinion, the first spraying of the garden is the most important, and it is absolutely worth doing. It is carried out in early spring before the buds begin to swell on plants at an average daily temperature of approximately +4. At this moment, the tree is still sleeping, just as overwintered pests and disease spores sleep. And you can use drugs in fairly strong concentrations without fear of causing damage to plants.
You just have to take a close look at different plants; not all of them are in the same phase. Let's say, if the apple tree is still sleeping, then black currant The buds are already swollen and strong solutions can harm it, simply burn it. Therefore, we approach the first spraying very carefully.
What to use? A classic solution that has been popular for a hundred years is “Bordeaux mixture”. This is a mixture of two aqueous solutions of lime and copper sulfate. Some people prepare it themselves (and this needs to be done correctly), others buy it at a garden store. ready set for cooking (“Bordeaux mixture”). For the first spring spraying, you should use 3% Bordeaux mixture.
You can use iron sulfate by diluting it in water (300-500 grams per 10 liters). What does concentration depend on? On the degree of infestation of your garden. If the infection is weak, 300 grams per bucket of water will be enough; if the garden is clearly sick, it is better to dissolve 500 grams.
Some gardeners use the good old Nitrofen for the first spring spraying. In my opinion, this is not worth doing. It is “kind” in the sense of its effectiveness, but it is not at all “kind” to our health.
Much more interesting is the recently popular concentrated solution of urea (urea). Take approximately 700 grams of urea per 10 liters of water. You can also add 50 grams of copper sulfate. This solution effectively fights both overwintered insect pests and spores of many diseases.
This solution has two additional “bonuses”. On the one hand, it slightly slows down the growing season (7-10 days), which can protect flowers from spring frosts. And on the other hand is nitrogen fertilizer, which is exactly what our plants need in the spring. These are the properties that seem to contradict each other, and yet work.
There is a good option - “Drug 30-v”. It is considered safe for us and the environment because it simply creates a film on the surface of the sprayed plant, and pests do not have the opportunity to “breathe.” But it is worth remembering that it fights insect pests, but not diseases. And it is worth using it in those gardens that suffer specifically from pests.
There are other drugs... When choosing one or another, the main criterion is whether it is suitable for early spring and processing at low temperatures (let me remind you, +4 degrees).
The second spraying of the garden in the spring - “along the green cone”
The second spraying is called “green cone spraying”. Already from the name it is clear that it is carried out after the buds of the plant begin to develop and extend in the form of green, still tightly rolled cones. Opening buds become vulnerable to strong solutions, in fact, just like surviving and revived pests and diseases.
What to use? You can use the same Bordeaux mixture, but in a much lower concentration - 1%. But, in my opinion, it is much more effective to use modern drugs, and to prepare so-called “tank mixtures” from them. This means that in one bucket of water, you can mix two different drugs: one for disease control and the other for pest control.
For example, you can mix “Horus” (for scab, powdery mildew, moniliosis) and “Aktara” or “Decis” (insecticides). There are other options, the main thing is to carefully study the instructions to see if they are suitable for mixing with other drugs and whether there are any restrictions on air temperature. The use of drugs in the form of tank mixtures allows you to reduce the number of treatments. Instead of separate control (first against pests and then against diseases), you carry out one complex treatment. I hope you will cause less harm to the environment.
Third spraying - “on a pink bud”
The third spraying is carried out at the moment the flower buds emerge (they are still closed). Since most trees in our gardens have buds Pink colour, this spraying is called “by rosebud" I won’t talk about him for a long time. The same tank mixtures of fungicides and insecticides can be used.
The only note is that when buying this or that drug, pay attention not only to its name, but also to the active substance. Often different manufacturers The same thing is hidden under different names. It is advisable to alternate medications so that the active substance is different, so that there is no addictive effect.
Fourth spring spraying of the garden - after flowering
The fourth spraying of the garden is also carried out with tank mixtures immediately after flowering.
Now a few, in my opinion, important notes:
To spring spraying had a result, they need to be done on time, focusing not on reference books, Internet resources or advice from video bloggers, but solely on weather conditions and the phases of development of plants in your garden.
It is necessary to treat the plant completely from the crown to the ground with one solution or another, and, by the way, it doesn’t hurt to sprinkle and trunk circle. If you miss something or are simply lazy, it can undo all your work, and the disease (or pest) will break out again.
If the first spraying often allows you to treat all the plants in the garden at the same time (they are all sleeping), then strong differentiation in development begins. It is quite possible that when processing a tree “according to a rosebud”, there will already be Blooming tree, which means it can no longer be processed. Be careful.
Try to agree with the neighbors around you about simultaneous treatments, so the effect will be more complete.
Try to find and use preparations that are harmless to pollinating insects and animals, but they are available.
Do not forget that even if the packaging says that the drug is harmless, you should take care to protect your skin, eyes and respiratory organs. It is my firm belief that if a drug kills an insect, then it is not harmless for us either. They usually recommend using goggles and respirators, which, in my opinion, is uncomfortable. I prefer transparent face shields, of course, with a headgear and gloves included.
Of course, anything can happen and spraying may be needed both in summer and autumn, but it is these first four that, in my opinion, are decisive and determine the health of your garden this season.
You can count on a high harvest only if you care for the garden properly. Therefore, owners who are aware of this treat the garden annually. The success of this event depends on the quality of its implementation in the spring. After all, it is at this moment that it is decided whether the plantings will be well protected from pests and diseases.
When spring warmth begins to be felt in the air, many people have a desire to be closer to nature. At these moments, the soul wants to enjoy the variety of colors that various plantings in our summer cottages give us. And to bring this moment closer, gardeners are trying to more thoroughly prepare the garden before fruiting begins.
To determine the scope of upcoming work, first of all need to see the garden. Based on its results, it will be clear what you will have to do. After a long and cold winter There are bound to be many damaged branches that need to be removed. However, the spring treatment of the garden is not limited to this, because it also includes a lot of other important measures that are designed to protect the plants from pests and diseases.
Why and when is the best time to treat the garden?
To reduce the harm that diseases and pests can cause, many gardeners use chemical and organic methods to combat them. However, the final result largely depends on the experience of the gardener. This in turn determines what the harvest will be like at the end of the season. The effectiveness of all planned work can only be improved if it is carried out at the right time. Therefore, as soon as the last cold weather has passed and fruit ovaries begin to form on the trees, you need to immediately begin work.
Stages of garden processing in spring
If you trust the experience of experienced summer residents, then it is better to treat the garden before 10 o'clock or after sunset- after about 6 hours. This choice is not accidental, since it is during these hours that the sun’s activity is minimal, and therefore the risk of leaves being burned is extremely low. As part of spring garden processing, the following main stages can be distinguished:
- in early spring;
- before buds open;
- before and after flowering;
- during the formation of ovaries.
Spraying the garden in early spring
One of the traditional garden processing activities is whitewashing tree trunks. However, it is better to carry it out before the cold weather. Therefore, it is recommended to plan it in the fall. As a result of this operation you can protect trees from damage by rodents, therefore, the remaining intact bark will not crack as a result of exposure to frosty winds. In the spring you will only need to examine it to understand whether it survived the winter well, and correct it if the need arises.
The first treatment of the garden must be carried out in early March, before the buds begin to bloom. After waiting for the snow to melt, you can prepare the plantings for processing. To do this, they tidy up the territory of the summer cottage, remove insulation from the protected trunks, as well as branches that did not survive the winter. After this, spring treatment is carried out to protect trees and shrubs from insects.
On initial stage It is necessary to inspect the tree trunks and remove any fungi found from the surface. After that on the bark apply lime mortar. The process of preparing it will look like this:
- you need to take 2 kg of lime and mix it with 10 liters of water;
- then into this mixture you need to add 1 kg of clay and 330-350 g of copper sulfate;
- all components must be thoroughly mixed until smooth;
- Now the solution is ready, it can be applied to the trunks and bases of branches.
As a result of such treatment, eggs and larvae of insects, which can often be found on the bark and cracks of the trunk, will be removed.
However, today gardeners have access to more modern and effective drugs. Although they cost a little more, they can be used to process trees much faster and with less labor, preventing insects from damaging the plantings. great harm. Many of them contain a fungicide, which increase the plant's resistance to many diseases. They have similar properties the following means:
- acrylic whitewash;
- acrylic paints;
- lime pastes containing copper sulfate.
Not only copper sulfate, but also diesel fuel can help protect trees and shrubs from pests. After processing the plantings, a protective oily film will appear on them, which can protect trees and shrubs from annoying insects. If insects try to lay larvae and eggs on trunks and branches, they will die under a ball of diesel fuel. In this case, all open flower stalks and blooming leaves will remain intact and unharmed.
Spring cultivation of the garden before buds open
Then comes the next stage - fruit tree processing before the kidneys awaken. the main objective These measures are to ensure that insects that hatch from larvae, as well as pathogens of various diseases, cannot infect trees and shrubs. Greatest harm The garden can be affected by diseases such as scab, black cancer, coccomycosis, etc.
However, regardless of whether you intend to use copper sulfate or another modern drug, it is recommended to read the instructions for use before using it. The fact is that in stores there are drugs that are initially designed to process only certain types fruit trees. To ensure that such treatment meets your expectations, you can carry it out with a solution of insecticides and contact fungicides. The effectiveness of this measure will increase many times over, as it will help not only rid the plantings of pests and diseases, but also prevent their occurrence in the future.
If you want to minimize the harm that your plantings will receive as a result of chemical treatment, you can use a safer mixture prepared based on herbs, tobacco and orange peel. The process of its preparation is as follows:
- Take a 3 liter jar and fill it with 200 g of crushed tobacco;
- then you need to put a handful of garlic peels and the same amount of onions, pine needles and orange peels;
- after that, water heated to 70 degrees is poured into this mixture;
- the jar needs to be hermetically sealed and a warm place must be found for it, where it should stand for a week;
- when the time comes, the finished tincture should be diluted with warm water in an amount of 10 liters;
- then the composition must be thoroughly mixed and 100 g of crushed tar soap added to it in small parts;
- Now the product is ready and can be used to treat the garden. If necessary, it can be repeated after 10-12 days. However, this can only be done before flowering.
Garden treatment in spring before and during the flowering process
You can treat shrub trees until the buds begin to bloom. This will help not only prevent the codling moth caterpillars from harming them, but also reduce risk of scab and spotting. To prepare the solution, you can use Carbofox. To do this, take 70 g of the drug and dilute it in 10 liters of water at room temperature. However, if trees and shrubs have already begun to bloom, then such processing cannot be done.
Repeated treatment of fruit trees can be carried out after the flowering period has ended. It is necessary to reduce the likelihood of infection of trees and shrubs in the next season, as well as to increase the resistance of plantings to diseases.
Typically, the inflorescences bloom at the moment when mites appear, having successfully survived the winter. It can help you deal with them colloidal sulfur: to prepare the solution you need to take 80 grams of 70% of the drug and dilute it in 10 liters of soapy water. It is very important that this treatment is carried out in a timely manner, otherwise all your crops will suffer as a result of the mite infestation.
Spring treatment of the garden from pests and diseases during the appearance of ovaries
When carrying out the final stage of spring processing, the main task that must be solved is to ensure the protection of the fruits of the new harvest from putrefactive diseases and surviving pests. However, it is first recommended to inspect the plantings to determine whether there are visible enemies on the trees and shrubs. After all, if you use chemicals, which have a strong effect, then in addition to killing insects, significant harm can also be caused to the ovaries.
As a preparation for spraying fruit trees, you can choose copper oxychloride, Bordeaux mixture, urea. It is also allowed to use combination drugs that have universal sphere applications. However, the treatment must be carried out at optimal air humidity. Otherwise, there is a possibility that the leaves will suffer serious burns after spraying.
Spring cultivation of the garden does not imply strict rules for its implementation. However there is important nuances, taking into account which you can most effectively perform this work.
Spraying order. If you want to completely destroy pests and diseases, then you should treat with a working solution, for example, copper sulfate, every part of trees and bushes. Usually this work begins with the crown, then moves to the branches, and finally the trunk and soil in the root zone are processed.
Time and conditions of work. It is best to do spring gardening early in the morning. It is advisable to choose a dry, windless day for this work, during which no precipitation is expected. In this case, after treatment, the solution can be immediately absorbed and will act quickly. As a result, you will be sure that the leaves and inflorescences will not be damaged.
Calculation of the amount of solution. The results of spring garden cultivation may vary. If it is important for you not only to destroy pests and diseases, but also not to harm trees and shrubs, then you need to correctly determine the application rate of the drug. You can find out if you look at the instructions for a specific product. Knowing this, it will be easy for you to understand exactly how much of certain chemicals you will need.
- it takes approximately 1.5 liters of solution to treat one young tree;
- for an adult – 5.5 liters.
Spraying bushes may require different amounts of solution - from 0.6 to 1.5 liters. You can more accurately say how much liquid is required by knowing the dimensions of the crown.
Conclusion
Experienced gardeners know how to get good harvest. To do this, they regularly cultivate the garden. Moreover, they begin to engage in this business in the spring. The importance of this event is difficult to overestimate, because it directly determines how well the trees and shrubs will be protected from pests and diseases. Knowing which preparations are best to use and when, even a novice summer resident can count on the fact that at the end of the season the garden will give him a lot of tasty and healthy fruits.
