There are thousands of rivers, lakes and swamps all over the world, the vegetation of which is impressive in its diversity. Moreover, some plants can exist not only above the surface of the water, but also below it. All plants of freshwater bodies of water are unique, but despite the fact that most of them still tend to grow in certain types of bodies of water, there are also varieties that feel great in any fresh water.
An example is the common trefoil, which is valuable medicinal plant. Its petioles begin to grow directly from the root, with each of them crowned by three large leaves. At the same time, there are completely no leaves on the stem itself, but its top is crowned with a brush of small pale pink, almost white flowers, reminiscent of stars in their shape.
The most common plants in freshwater bodies
Plants of fresh water bodies, the names of which are indicated in this article, grow almost everywhere, but have many individual characteristics. As an example, we can cite plants that can be seen almost everywhere where there is fresh water - these are reeds, cattails and reeds.
They like to grow in thickets and have many similar features, due to which they are often confused with each other, although they belong to different families. First of all, these are the stems, which in these plants are tall and straight. In some cases they can even reach 6-9 meters, but this is where their similarity ends. In reeds there are practically no leaves on the stem; in cattails, the leaves begin to twist in a helical manner from the base. In addition, the cattail ear is long and velvety, unlike reeds, which are characterized by a fluffy panicle.
Practical benefits
Plants such as reeds, cattails and reeds are characterized by accelerated growth, due to which their number increases so much that they completely occupy large areas of water, gradually emptying them. Largely due to the fact that people from ancient times have adapted the plants of fresh water bodies for various economic needs, in particular, for covering roofs, weaving baskets, bags, mats and even ropes, sources of fresh water practically never dry out. The remaining plants simply do not have time to absorb all the moisture and dry up the source.
swampy area
In order to find out which fresh water plants are typical for your area, just carefully study the sources closest to you. For example, the most widespread in swampy areas is that there are more than 1000 various types Worldwide. Nevertheless, the structure of each of them contains similar features, among which is a triangular stem with a dense structure, while long, grooved leaves, pointed towards the end, extend from each face. A similar leaf structure can be observed in most cereal crops.
The second most common plant and the most similar in appearance to sedge is the rush plant. It also grows in swamps, but this grass, unlike sedge, is characterized by a round shape. In addition, due to the fact that the stem of the rush is thinner and branched, the leaves, while maintaining a similar structure, are still much narrower than those of the sedge and, Seeing these two plants side by side, it will be quite difficult to confuse them in the future.
Rivers and lakes
Plants of fresh water bodies, which are characteristic of river and lake areas, are primarily noticeable on the banks. This is primarily characteristic of iris flowers, which are similar in appearance to ordinary garden iris. Besides them, in coastal zone the no less common weeping grass can grow, whose purple inflorescences, reminiscent of a spike, immediately catch the eye. Its leaves are similar to willow leaves, but they are characterized by special slots, thanks to which excess moisture that the plant absorbs is easily drained out.
Poisonous representatives
However, it is worth considering that not all plants of fresh water bodies are harmless, because among them there are also poisonous representatives, among which the most common are chastuha and arrowhead. Wherein appearance their leaves are directly related to their habitat. If these plants grow immersed in water, the leaves will resemble ribbons in their shape. If they are located on the surface of the water, they are held on it using an underwater petiole and a special floating plate. In addition, being on the surface, the leaves of the arrowhead take on the shape of arrows and begin to fully live up to their name. Unlike chastuha, which is completely poisonous, people have adapted arrowhead tubers for food.
Plants of freshwater bodies of water, characteristic of swampy areas, are buttercups, which also differ in that they can be either floating or located under water. Moreover, despite the fact that they can also be found in other freshwater sources, all buttercups, without exception, are poisonous plants. The most dangerous to humans are:
- poisonous buttercup;
- buttercup pimple - forms abscesses on the skin.
In addition, the category of poisonous plants that are found in freshwater bodies includes one of the most poisonous plants of modern flora - hemlock, which grows exclusively in marshy areas.
The beauty of freshwater plants
Plants of fresh water bodies, photos of which can be seen in this article, continue to amaze with their beauty. For example, having seen it in a pond, few will remain indifferent to its grace. Her flowers are large, large.
Opening at sunrise, they close only at sunset. Among the people, the water lily received several names, among which the most famous are white lily and water rose. Its leaves, located above the water, are large and large. They are characterized by the presence large quantities air cavities, but its underwater leaves look like ribbons. Often in freshwater bodies of water you can find an equally beautiful yellow water lily.
Plants and animals of freshwater bodies are unique and require constant protection. Thanks to constantly changing climatic conditions, some of them are on the verge of extinction, while the rest have significantly reduced their population. The only exception is the amphibious buckwheat, which, when the reservoir dries out, sheds aquatic leaves and grows new ones, characteristic of a land plant.
However, in contrast to the amphibious buckwheat, an example can be given of pondweed, which grows exclusively at great depths and is favorite place for laying eggs by most fish. It is imported into some imported farms specifically in order to significantly increase the fish population.
A person should try with all his might to maintain the ecological situation of freshwater bodies of water, reducing harmful emissions not only into water sources, but also into the atmosphere, and also, as far as possible, reduce the population of various plants that reduce the moisture content in water bodies and ultimately lead to their complete drying.
AIR, IR
(?). A marsh plant from the araceae family, native to Asia, its rhizome, under the name “iry root”, is used in medicine.
Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. - Chudinov A.N., 1910 .
(Turk. genus of perennial herbaceous plants family. aroids, growing along the banks of rivers and lakes; rhizome (irium root) contains essential oil
, used in the perfumery and confectionery industries, as well as in medicine. New dictionary, 2009 .
[foreign words.- by EdwART,
Turkic ] is a perennial herbaceous marsh plant from the araceae family; rhizome, so-called calamus root, used in medicine and perfumery Big dictionary, 2007 .
foreign words.- Publishing house "IDDK" Air A, (m. tour. agir Greek
akoros). bot.
A perennial herbaceous plant growing along the banks of rivers and lakes; Calamus root contains essential oil., 1998 .
Explanatory dictionary of foreign words by L. P. Krysin. - M: Russian language:
Synonyms
See what "AIR" is in other dictionaries:
AIR is the family of the first aircraft of Alexander Sergeevich Yakovlev. Named in honor of the Chairman of the Central Council of Osoaviakhim Alexey Ivanovich Rykov. For 1927 1933 10 types of aircraft were created from AIR 1 to AIR 10. As well as a family of asynchronous... ... Wikipedia AIR
- autonomous spark gap marked AIR Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 p. AIR Example of using AIR 140 AIR... ... Designation of aircraft created by A. S. Yakovlev in 1927 1937. At the beginning of Yakovlev’s activity as an aircraft designer, the practice of assigning individual names to some aircraft, including the names of prominent government... ...
Encyclopedia of technology AIR- - autonomous spark gap marked AIR Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 p. AIR Example of using AIR 140...
AIR is the family of the first aircraft of Alexander Sergeevich Yakovlev. Named in honor of the Chairman of the Central Council of Osoaviakhim Alexey Ivanovich Rykov. For 1927 1933 10 types of aircraft were created from AIR 1 to AIR 10. As well as a family of asynchronous... ... Wikipedia Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
AIR is the family of the first aircraft of Alexander Sergeevich Yakovlev. Named in honor of the Chairman of the Central Council of Osoaviakhim Alexey Ivanovich Rykov. For 1927 1933 10 types of aircraft were created from AIR 1 to AIR 10. As well as a family of asynchronous... ... Wikipedia- AIR designation of aircraft created by A. S. Yakovlev in 192737. At the beginning of Yakovlev’s activity as an aircraft designer, the practice of assigning individual names to some aircraft, including the names of prominent... ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
See Incense reed (calamus) ... Bible Encyclopedia Brockhaus
AIR, calamus, plural. no, husband (bot.). Swamp plant with long leaves. “Who steers an oar so deftly through calamus and kupir?” A.K. Tolstoy. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
A calamus, calamus m. A perennial herbaceous plant of the araceae family, the rhizome of which, the calamus root, contains essential oil used in pharmacology, in the perfumery and confectionery industries. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern Dictionary Russian language Efremova
- (Acorus), a genus of perennial grasses of the family. aronnikov. The leaves (up to 1 m long) are xiphoid, the rhizome is thick, creeping. The flowers are collected into a spadix. Blooms from early summer to autumn. Reproduces vegetatively by rhizomes. 2 species widespread in... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary
Books
- Revelations of a polyglot corporal of the missile army of the sixties, V.V. Sorokin. In this book, the author of which is a polyglot translator and teacher foreign languages– in a simple and entertaining way tells how quite instructive and intellectually challenging...
- Kolyma expedition through the eyes of an amateur (diary of someone who wanted to get involved in geology), V.V. Sorokin. The book, presented in the form of a diary, tells in a simple and concise form about a typical summer geological season, which the author experienced himself, spending about six months in...
IN garden center"White Orchid" big choice perennial plants to decorate the garden, you can choose plants so that the garden is blooming with early spring before late autumn.
The collection of the White Orchid garden center has such beautiful flowering perennials, and decorative deciduous, having ornamental foliage and allowing you to put the necessary accents in flower beds.
Wolfsbane, fighter- tuberous perennial.
Tubers that produce flowering shoots completely die off in the fall, along with the stems and roots. Daughter buds of renewal, developing at the very bottom of the one-year stem and having by this time formed their own autonomous roots and even basal rosettes of leaves, become isolated, forming a colony of young plants. The height of aconite is 70-100 cm, flowers are up to 4 cm long, irregular, with a large helm, purple.
The collection of the White Orchid garden center includes garden form aconite - two-color, violet-white. Blooms from July to September. Frost-resistant, poisonous, undemanding to soil, tolerates light shading.
- a perennial plant with a branched rhizome growing upward.
Small flowers are collected in graceful elongated paniculate inflorescences. The colors of the flowers are varied - white, cream, pink, red, lilac. Blooms in June-July. Prefers well-moistened, semi-shaded places. Propagated by dividing bushes in spring or late summer.
- a widespread perennial plant, a bush 20-30 cm high. Aster is light-loving and cold-resistant. Grows well in light, permeable soils well amended with organic and mineral fertilizers. Alpine aster blooms in May-June. The inflorescences are single, diameter from 2 to 4 cm. During the dry period, alpine aster needs regular watering. Asters are propagated by dividing the bush, immediately after flowering.
- perennial plant. The rhizome is terrestrial, creeping, thick. The leaves are very large, round, leathery, shiny, form beautiful picturesque rosettes that remain under the snow in winter and dry out only in the 3rd year. In autumn the leaves take on a beautiful color. Bergenia is unpretentious - it grows well on any soil, except wetlands, in sunny places, in partial shade and even in heavy shade. Flowering - spring-early summer. Propagated by dividing rhizomes in spring.
- perennial herbaceous plant. The bush grows to the sides, forming thickets. The leaves are round-heart-shaped, rough, on a long petiole. The flowers are small, sky blue, in loose paniculate inflorescences, blooming in early spring.
Brunner prefers loose, fertile soils. Shade-tolerant. Winter-hardy.
Propagated by sowing seeds and dividing rhizomes in the fall.
- bush 80-150 cm high. Leaves are palm-shaped, deeply dissected. The flowers are small yellow in a narrow racemose inflorescence, blooming from July to autumn.
Buzulnik is light-loving, but also tolerates light partial shade, is winter-hardy, and grows well on any cultivated soil.
Buzulniks reproduce by sowing seeds and dividing rhizomes in the spring.
- perennial corm plant. The flowers are pinkish-lilac and grow well in fertilized, moist sandy loam soil... Planted in the ground in the fall to a depth of 8-10 cm. Colchicum can grow in one place for several years. For the winter, the colchicum should be covered with fallen leaves and dry branches.
Colchicums bloom in autumn and bloom in a leafless state.
Loosestrife (Lysimachia)- rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, winter-hardy.
Moisture-loving, blooms from May to July.
Monetary loosestrife is very good as a ground cover plant.
- a perennial herbaceous plant that grows well in sunny places in any garden soil.
Planted in borders, mixborders. Low-growing species of speedwells are well suited for rocky gardens.
Speedwells are propagated by division, cuttings and sowing seeds.
- rhizomatous perennial, the whole plant is densely pubescent, flowers are solitary, 3-6 cm in diameter, white or cream.
They prefer light, loose, fertile, well-drained and sufficiently moist soil. Anemone tolerates partial shade well and blooms in June.
Propagated by root suckers and seeds.
- an excellent plant for decorating flower beds. Perennial carnations are good as low borders, they form lush bluish-gray cushions, and they also fit very organically into compositions among stones. Garden carnation flowers have their own unique spicy aroma. Carnation prefers open sunny places, well-drained soil. Propagated by sowing seeds and cuttings.
- a perennial plant up to 1.5 meters high, with erect, densely leafy stems, which at the end of the growing season die off along with the roots; by this time, renewal buds on the underground part of the annual stem form their roots and overwintering leaf rosettes.
Thus, Helenium does not have a perennial rhizome, and the “bushes” are colonies of independent plants.
Young plantings of helenium are more winter-hardy; in old bushes, renewal buds are at ground level or higher and can freeze in winters with little snow, so it is better to cover old bushes with earth for the winter.
Autumn helenium blooms in the second half of summer, the color of the flowers ranges from golden yellow to bronze-red. Helenium propagates by sowing seeds, as well as by dividing bushes. Prefers light fertile soils, open sunny places.
- herbaceous perennial, blooms in June-July with graceful small drooping bells.
Heuchera is light-loving, but also tolerates partial shade, is cold-resistant, and prefers light, fertile soils.
Propagated by seeds, dividing the bush in early spring.
- a little common perennial. Low-growing plants with bell-shaped dark or light blue flowers. Grows well in partial shade.
Gentian is winter-hardy, but requires shelter in winters with little snow. Propagated by dividing bushes and freshly collected seeds, which are sown before winter.
- a perennial with a straight hollow stem, 1-1.5 m high. Delphinium is light-loving, prefers loamy, fertile soils.
They reproduce by seeds, by dividing bushes, and it is better to divide bushes in the spring.
Delphinium inflorescences are very decorative and are often used for cutting.
- moisture-loving perennial.
The flowers are lilac-pink, collected in long spike-shaped inflorescences.
Very good for planting near ponds. Winter-hardy, unpretentious.
- broken heart. A very interesting herbaceous plant with elegant pink or pink-red flowers in the shape of hearts. Dicentra blooms in late May - early June, is winter-hardy, but requires shelter in winters with little snow.
Prefers open or slightly shaded places, light, humus-rich soil. Propagated by dividing bushes and stem cuttings.
- a perennial short-rhizome plant with creeping shoots that take root in the nodes. Flowering is long-lasting; the plant can bear both flowers and ripening berries at the same time.
Dushenia is very unpretentious and winter-hardy. Duchenia is often used as a ground cover plant that replaces a lawn.
There are several types of irises in White Orchid.
- This is the most common class of irises. Home them distinctive feature- This is a beard on the central vein of the outer perianth lobes. For successful wintering bearded irises need light shelter for the winter. grow well on sandy loam and sandy soils. For planting, it is better to choose a sunny place, protected from the winds. Bearded irises reproduce by dividing the rhizomes immediately after flowering.
- frost-resistant plant. Unlike bearded irises, these irises are moisture-loving, their flowers are more elegant, and there is no beard.
Siberian iris propagates by dividing the bush, and the planting unit must have at least 2 leaf bunches.
- an ideal plant for the lazy gardener. Absolutely unpretentious. One can say about the marsh iris - “I planted it and forgot it.”
It grows well both in the sun and in the shade, is frost-resistant, and tolerates excess moisture. The height of the bush is 1-1.5 meters.
- also quite interesting plant for lazy gardeners, its main requirement is an open sunny place without stagnant water. It overwinters well and preserves leaves well until frost.
It blooms in June with graceful bluish flowers. Propagated by dividing the bush and seeds.
- perennial herbaceous plant.
Grows well in moist, sandy or loamy soils.
Blooms in May-June.
Propagated by dividing bushes, individual rosettes and seeds.
- herbaceous perennial plant, grows well on open places and fertile soils.
Flowering from June to September. Propagated by seeds or dividing the bush. Frost-resistant. Often self-seeding.
- herbaceous rhizomatous perennial. The bush reaches a height of 70 cm, flowers are single, 6-7 cm in diameter, single, orange.
The swimsuit blooms in June-July. The plant is winter-hardy and moisture-loving. Optimal conditions growth - moist, loose fertile soil. The swimsuit grows well in partial shade. Propagated by dividing bushes and sowing seeds.
- the closest relative of the lily of the valley. In the collection of the White Orchid garden center, the kupena is presented in a variegated form - there is a white border along the leaf.
The plant is unpretentious, winter-hardy, grows well in partial shade. Propagated by dividing rhizomes.
A lumbago - an open snowdrop, a dream-grass. Frost-resistant, grows well in open places with sufficiently moist soil, but can also grow in the shade.
Decorative not only during flowering, but also during fruiting, the lumbago has very interesting fluffy silky fruits. See more about lumbago.
Primrose, primrose- a perennial winter-hardy plant. Primroses grow well and bloom profusely in spring in semi-shaded places on well-fertilized, sufficiently moist soil. At long-term cultivation in one place it is necessary to add nutritious soil to the base of the bush to protect the primrose from freezing.
Primroses reproduce by seeds and by dividing bushes.
Day-lily- here is another one of the favorite plants for the lazy gardener. Daylily is also called daylily, because each of its flowers lives only for a day. The plant is unpretentious, but prefers fertile and sufficiently moist soils; it grows in both sun and partial shade. Propagated by dividing the bush.
Cuff, alchemilla- an interesting perennial plant. Unpretentious, winter-hardy. It can grow both in open places and in the shade. In the White Orchid garden center, soft cuff is grown. She prefers light, fertile, sufficiently moist soils. It blooms with small, inconspicuous yellow-green flowers. Very good for the foreground in a flower border - has a bush beautiful shape. Its most important property is that it “knows how” to push excess moisture out of the leaves. This is truly a magical sight - the cuff along the edge of the sheet is entirely decorated with a necklace of large transparent beads.
Sedum, sedum- an unpretentious perennial plant. Grows well in any soil except wet, marshy soils. Prefers open sunny places. Propagated by dividing bushes and cuttings from stems.
Phlox subulate- creeping perennial. The flowers are small, numerous, white, pink, blue or purple in color, completely covering the shoots so that no leaves are visible during the flowering period. Phlox subulate propagates by cuttings. An ideal plant for rocky gardens. Although phlox is subulate and winter-hardy, it is still better to cover it with a light covering material for the winter.
Perennial herbaceous plant. It grows in gardens, near homes, along river banks, in ravines, in wastelands, forming dense thickets. Height cm. Blooms from mid-June to late autumn. The rhizome is creeping. The seeds ripen in August-September. Propagated by seeds and rhizomes. The leaves contain a lot of iron and potassium salts, contain vitamins C, A, B, K, carotene, mineral salts and organic acids.
This herb is used by people in different ways. For a long time, fibers made from nettles were used to make threads, ropes, fishing nets and durable fabrics. In the 19th century, Europeans strained honey and sifted flour through a nettle sieve. IN folk medicine water infusion and decoction of nettles are used for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, kidney stones and many other diseases. Nettle infusion is also used as an internal “blood purifier” that improves blood composition in the treatment of various skin diseases. Our ancestors used nettles in magical rituals. They thought they were afraid of her evil spirits. Ancestors laid nettle rugs in their houses. The rugs protected them from uninvited, evil guests..
Nettle increases milk yield in cattle, as well as egg production in geese and chickens. They are fed all winter with a mixture of dry tops of this grass and oats - then the eggs will be in the house all year round. Nettle is also used to preserve the freshness of animal products when there is either no refrigerator or it has spoiled, and the heat outside is over thirty. In this case, meat or fish is covered with nettles on all sides, changing it from time to time. Currently, nettle is successfully used in medicine and cooking - it is included in many pharmaceutical preparations, and hundreds of delicious dishes are made from it.
Why do nettles sting? In India and on some tropical islands of the Indian Ocean, such a nettle grows, the burn of which is as dangerous as the bite of a poisonous snake. What does nettle sting and sting? After all, it doesn’t seem to have sharp thorns. Eat! Only they are so small that they are barely visible. The stem and leaves of nettle are covered with thin fibers. When a person touches a leaf, a hair pierces the skin, top part The hair breaks off and the contents of the stinging cell enter the wound. Some are harder and have a sac of liquid at the root that contains acid and irritates our skin when it leaks out. The acid penetrates the skin and causes itching and pain. If you break off the nettle very firmly, these fibers will break at the base and their ends will not be able to penetrate the skin, that is, there will be no irritation.
Nettle is a favorite delicacy and livelihood of some species of butterflies. Nettle needles contain formic acid, which burns when it comes into contact with the skin. In Japan, the strongest sails were made from nettle fabric. The annual “Nettle Festival” has been held since 2002 in the village of Krapivna, Beijing district. Tula region. The nettle eating championship has been held annually in the village of Marshwood in England for more than 20 years, ever since two visitors to a local shop bet on who could eat the most stinging leaves.
