Forms would. Forms and grammatical features

We continue to delve into conditional sentences. I believe that after reading the article, watching the video and completing the tasks without errors)) you have figured out the structure of conditional sentences and are ready for a new portion of In today's article
“Conditional sentences - would, should, were. How not to get confused? I will comment on some features of conditional sentences that you need to know so as not to get confused.

1. Main and subordinate parts

Conditional sentences consist of main(from which we ask the question) and subordinate clause(to which we ask a question).

Example 1: If you finish your work tonight, we will go for a walk. (If you finish work tonight, we will go for a walk). — First Conditional, in which we will go for a walk- the main part, since from it we ask a question to the subordinate clause: will we go for a walk under what condition? Answer: If you finish your work tonight.

When Speaking/Writing, it is very important to understand in which part which idea at what time you want to express, because will and would are NOT used in subordinate parts(exception - see example 6.

2. Condition - consequence or consequence - condition

Subordinate clause (if), expressing the condition and main part (will, would), expressing a consequence, can change places in a sentence. BUT!! The times in these parts do not change.

Example 2: If you answered the phone, I would be grateful to you.

I would be grateful to you if you answered the phone.

(If you would answer the phone, I would be grateful. or I would be grateful if you would answer the phone.) - Second Conditional.

3. Punctuation in conditional sentences

Comma separates the subordinate and main parts, provided that the subordinate clause comes first, that is, before the main part.

Example 3. If I had received your e-mail , I would have replied immediately. BUT! I would have replied immediately if I had received the e-mail. (If I had received your letter, I would have answered you immediately.) - Third Conditional

4. Will/would in the subordinate clause (very important!)

Often the stumbling block for students studying Type 1 conditional sentences (First Conditional) is the verb to be. As I said above (see point 1. Main and subordinate parts), will and would are NOT used in subordinate clauses). Therefore, no matter how you think it sounds better, (If I will be) - this is one of typical mistakes students in English.

Example 4. If I am at home in the afternoon, I will help you (to) cook dinner.

If I'm home in the afternoon, I'll help you prepare dinner.

But! Exception to the rule!

If you would like to politely express a REQUEST, then will/would can be used in the if part. In this case, the condition as such is lost, and subordinate clause means “if you wouldn’t mind” (if you don’t mind)

Example 5. If you will fill in this form now, you can hand it in to reception. If you fill out this form now (if you don't mind, please), you can leave it with the secretary. = If you wouldn't mind filling in this form now, you can leave it with reception.

Example 6. If you would call will explain the task to you.= If you wouldn't mind calling us in 5 minutes, the teacher will explain the task to you.= If you ‘d be so kind as to call us, the teacher will explain the task to you. If you would be so kind as to call us in 5 minutes, the teacher will explain the task to you.

5. Would - would, perfect - 3 conditional

The particle “would” is the word “would” (and vice versa). Having seen when writing or hearing sentences with “would” (or with the particle “would”) when listening, you understand that we're talking about about unrealistic actions, that is, 2, 3 or Mixed Conditionals are possible.

Example 7. If you had stayed at home, it would n't have happened. If would you stayed at home this would didn't happen.

And in order to accurately remember the structure of the past unreal action (3 Conditional), make an association with the perfects (if + past perfect, would + present perfect).

Example 8. If the performance hadn't finished on time, we would have missed the bus. If the show hadn't ended on time, we would have missed the bus.

6. WERE for all persons

The verb to be is used in the form were with all singular persons. and many more numbers. (However, in colloquial speech (not in formal situations) was is also used.)

Example 9. If he were here, he would understand me.

If he were here, he would understand me.

Example 10. If you come on time, don’t call me. If you arrive on time, don't call me.

Example 11. Don’t wake me up if you get home late, will you? Don't wake me up if you come home late, okay? (!!! Pay attention to the translation of the word “good?”)

Example 12. Shall we go out if the weather is good? Shall we go for a walk if the weather is good?

8. Should in conditional sentences

1. In order to emphasize formality, omit IF and put SHOULD or WERE.

Example 13. Should you have any further questions, please contact me. Please contact us if you have any questions.

2. And to show low probability of assumption(the condition is unlikely to happen), in addition to should they also use were:

Example 14. If the refrigerator should break down, you would repair it at your expense. If the refrigerator were to break (which is unlikely), you would have to repair it at your own expense.

Example 15. If I were to talk to her tomorrow, she would forgive me for forgetting her birthday. If I spoke to her tomorrow (which is unlikely), she would forgive me for forgetting her birthday.

9. Modal verbs in conditional sentences

In both parts of conditional sentences, you can use modal verbs, especially can, could, may, should.

Example 16. I could speak English better if I tried. I could speak English better if I tried.

Example 17. If you had called all your friends in, I might have come. If you invited all your friends, maybe I would come.

10. Questions in conditional sentences

If it is difficult to immediately translate a question containing a condition, make a statement out of it, translate it by defining , and then form a question, guided by tips, for example, from the article. Practice:

1. Would you mind if I used your computer to send a letter?
2. What would you do if you were me?
3. What will you do if there is a fire in the building?
4. What would happen if you lost your certificate?
5. What will you do if he doesn't call?

Often our lives change and we stop doing what we used to do. For example:

"When we were at university, we Always We had lunch at this cafe. When she came to rest, she Always stayed with us. When we went on vacation we Always went on excursions."

To talk about actions that were repeated in the past, we use would always. In this article I will tell you how to use this expression correctly.

From the article you will learn:

Difference between would always and used to in English

I think many of you are already familiar with the construction used to, which translates as “happened/before” and is a form of the past tense.

It is used to describe actions, situations and conditions that occurred in the past. For example, in the past you went with long hair, and now you have short haircut, or you once collected stamps, but don’t do it now.

Would always translated as “before”, “always”, “before always”.

Just like used to, we use would always when we talk about an action that we did in the past, but are not doing it now. For example: As a child, he always climbed trees.

But there are differences between used to and would always.

1. Would always we use only when talking about action

Used to we can use in 3 cases when we say:

• about the action (she used to go dancing)
• about his condition (he used to be modest)
• about the phenomenon (was someone) (they used to be waiters).

Would always can replace used to only in the first case, when we are talking about an action that we did before.

Wrong:

He would always be teacher.
He used to be a teacher.

Right:

He used to be a teacher.
He used to be a teacher.

That is, we cannot use would always with the verb to be. We only use it when we speak about repetitive actions in the past.

2. We don't use would always when talking about facts.

Would we always use only with actions that repeated many times in the past.

Wrong:

He would always live in Moscow.
He lived before in Moscow.

He could not live in Moscow again and again (repetitive action), he lived there for some period (fact).

Right:

He used to live in Moscow.
He used to live in Moscow.

Let's look at an example of using would always:

He would always come to Moscow on vacations.
He used to always come to Moscow on vacation.

As you can see, he came to Moscow again and again, that is, the action is repeated. Therefore we can use would always.

Using would always in English

This form is formed very simply; after would always we put the verb in initial form. The outline of such a proposal would be:

Actor + would always + action

She would always sleep until noon.
She used to always sleep until lunchtime.

They would always come late to work.
They always came to work late.

In addition: Also in English the following options can be used

• would constantly - used to constantly
• would often - often before
• would sometimes - sometimes before

We would often have coffee together.
We used to often drink coffee together.

They would sometimes give me presents.
They sometimes gave me gifts.

Use of would never in English

If we say that we have not done something before, we use would never, which translates as “never before.” The outline of such a proposal would be:

Actor + would never + action

He would never smoke when he studied at university.
He never smoked when he was at university.

She would never bring her young sister to the parties.
She never took her little sister to parties.

Questions with would always/never in English

We can ask a question with would always and would never. To do this, you need to put would first in the sentence. The outline of such a proposal would be:

Would + character+ always/never + action?

Would they always go abroad on summer?
Did they always travel abroad in the summer before?

Would he never stay at home alone?
Has he ever been alone at home?

So now you know another construction to talk about actions that were constantly performed in the past. Let's consolidate the use of this design in practice.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English. Leave your answers in the comments.

1. She used to always go by subway.
2. Has he never paid bills before?
3. They sometimes came late to the meeting.
4. We have never traveled abroad before.
5. She used to always play in the yard.

In English it can be used to express repeated actions in the past. "used to" construction.

Method of education Used To

used to + I form of verb

For example:
I used to go to the beach every day.
Earlier me every day walked to the beach.

The construction "used to" is not advisable to use in interrogative and negative sentences, but sometimes in spoken English such use occurs. However, in interrogative and negative sentences it is better to use Simple Past.

Used To

An action that often happened in the past

"Used to" is used to describe actions that used to happen quite often, but now don't happen at all. When translating into Russian, the words “before”, “before”, etc. are often added.

For example:
Jerry used to study English.
Jerry studied before English.

Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer.
Sam and Mary we used to go often to Mexico in the summer.

I used to start work at 9 o"clock.
Earlier I started work at 9 o'clock.

Christine used to eat meat, but now she is a vegetarian.
Earlier Christina ate meat, and now she is a vegetarian.

Individual facts or general statements in the past

"Used to" can be used to describe specific facts or general statements that were once true but are no longer true. When translating into Russian, the words “before”, “before”, etc. are also often added.

For example:
I used to live in Paris.
Earlier I lived in Paris.

Sarah used to be fat, but now she is thin.
Earlier Sarah was fat, but now she's thin.

George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is the best.
Earlier George was the best student in the class, but now Lena is the best.

Oranges used to cost very little in Florida, but now they are quite expensive.
Earlier oranges in Florida cost very cheap, but now they are very expensive.

Used To or Simple Past

Both "used to" and the Simple Past can be used to describe repeated events in the past, individual facts that are no longer true. However, "used to" is preferred when affirmative sentences emphasize the repetition of past actions. However, in interrogative and negative sentences the Simple Past is preferred.

For example:
You used to play the piano.
Earlier You played on the piano.

Did you play the piano when you were young?
You as a child played on the piano?

You did not play the piano when you were young.
As a child you didn't play on the piano.

Interrogative and negative sentences using Used To

As mentioned above, the use of “used to” in interrogative and negative sentences is undesirable. However, sometimes such usage still occurs.

Verb in questions used acts as an ordinary verb, and the question is constructed as an ordinary general question.

For example:
Did you use to watch Mickey Mouse?
Have you watched before? Mickey Mouse?

Did you use to like school?
Did you like to study at school?

Likewise, negative sentence with verb used is built in the usual way.

For example:
I didn't use to watch Mickey Mouse.
I I haven't watched it before Mickey Mouse.

The following form is also possible:

I used not to watch Mickey Mouse.

Verb would

Like the construction "used to", verb would can be used to express repeated actions in the past.

In some cases would completely similar to "used to".

For example:
I used to go swimming twice a week. – I would go swimming twice a week.
I I used to go swimming twice a week.

However, in most cases, would, in contrast to “used to,” denotes actions that occurred from time to time, without contrasting it with the present moment. With this use would used with indicators of the time when an action took place. To Russian would translated with the words “happened”, “before”.

For example:
When I was young, I would visit my grandmother every summer.
As a child I happened to visit grandma every summer.

Would cannot be used to describe states, individual facts or general provisions in the past, but can only be used for repeated actions in the past.

For example:
I would play the piano. ( Wrong)
I used to play the piano. ( Right)
I used to play the piano.

Here you can take a lesson on the topic: Future tense and the verb "will" in English. Future Simple Tense and "will".

In English there are several ways to express actions in the future tense. So, for example, with the help of the phrase to be going to (plans and intentions), or with the help of tenses Present Continuous(pre-planned events) and Present Simple(schedules and programs).

However, the most important and meaningful way of expressing the future simple tense in English is the short word will, which is both the future form of the verb to be and one of the modal verbs.

The form of the verb will is quite simple, since it does not vary in numbers or persons, and is used with the usual infinitive. The meaning of the word will is more complex, which we will look at in this lesson, along with its use in various sentences and some distinctive features.

I. The first thing you should familiarize yourself with is conjugation of the verb will in affirmative, negative and interrogative form, using personal pronouns as an example. Please note possible reductions.

1. Below is the conjugation in affirmative, negative and interrogative forms:

(+)
I will (I"ll) - I will
You will (You"ll) - You will / You will
He will (He"ll) - He will
She will (She"ll) - She will
It will (It"ll) - He/She will (inanimate)
We will (We"ll) - We will
They will (They"ll) - They will

(-)
I will not (I won't) - I won't
You will not (You won't) - You won't / You won't
He will not (He won't) - He won't
She will not (She won't) - She won't
It will not (It won't) - He/She will not (inanimate)
We will not (We won't) - We won't
They will not (They won't) - They won't

(?)
Will I..? - Will I..?
Will you..? - Will you..? / Will you..?
Will he..? - Will he..?
Will she..? - Will she..?
Will it..? - Will he/she..? (inanimate)
Will we..? - Will we..?
Will they..? - Will they..?

As can be seen from the examples, will does not change in any way, and this is quite convenient when composing sentences. The only noticeable changes are visible in the shortened negative form - won"t /"wəunt/.

2. Due to the fact that the verb will belongs to the modal group, he obeys many of the rules of this particular group. So, for example, after all modal verbs (except have to and need to) in sentences follows the infinitive(original form of the verb). For example:

He will call you tomorrow. - He will call you tomorrow.
I won't tell you her secret. - I won't tell you her secret.
Will she be back by next Sunday? -Yes, she will. -No, she won't. - Will she be back by next Sunday? - Yes. - No.
Where will you stay during your holiday? - Where will you stay during your vacation?

As can be seen from the examples, marker words are often used in the simple future tense: tomorrow, next week, next month, in the future, in the coming year the coming year), soon (soon), in a week (in a week), in several days (in a few days), etc.

Also, several features can be seen from the examples interrogative sentences with the word will. First of all, these are short answers to general questions, which are mandatory repeat the verb will in affirmative and negative form. And the second feature is the ability to build special questions in the simple future tense with any question words(what, where, why, when, etc.), which are placed at the very beginning of the sentence.

II. The future tense verb will has many meanings. Let's consider each of them separately.

1. First of all, will, in contrast to the phrase to be going to, expresses spontaneous unplanned actions in the future. For example:

Fine, I"ll let you know when I"m free. - Okay, I'll let you know when I'm free.
- The phone is ringing. - I "ll answer it. - The phone rings. - I will answer.
I think, he will never call again. - I don't think he'll ever call again.

From the examples it is clear that these phrases express unplanned thoughts, i.e. that the speaker did not plan them in advance, but just decided. The last example also clearly demonstrates that instead of the particle not, to give a sentence a negative connotation, you can use the word never.

2. The word will is often used in offers - promises. For example:

I will never leave you. - I will never leave you.
It won't hurt, I promise. - It won't hurt, I promise.

3. Will is also used to express actions in the future that are inevitable. For example:

He will be far away at this time tomorrow. - He will be very far away by this time tomorrow.
I will turn 30 next September. - I will turn 30 next September.

4. One of the common uses of the word will is confident future forecasts and predictions. For example:

This card says that you"ll be happy with him. - This card says that you will be happy with him.
The weather won't change tomorrow. - The weather won't change tomorrow.

5. B the main part of conditional sentences of the first type the verb will is also often used. For example:

If it rains. I"ll wear a raincoat. - If it rains, I will put on a raincoat.
If you come with us, we"ll book a larger table. - If you come with us, we will reserve a larger table.

6. Will is also often used to express probable actions in the future with expressions:
I think.., I hope.., I"m sure.., I"m afraid.., I promise.., possibly, probably, and some others. For example:

I think she will pass this exam. - I think she will pass this exam.
I promise that I"ll help you with your home task. - I promise I will help you with your homework.
I"m sure they"ll win. - I'm sure they will win.
I"m afraid he won"t come. - I'm afraid he won't come.
It"ll probably rain tonight. - It might rain tonight.
He'll possibly win this fight. - Perhaps he will win this fight.

III. In addition to the verb will, the modal verb shall is sometimes used to express the future simple tense. This is especially applicable to questions with shades of request (Request) or proposal(Offer). For example:

Shall we dance? - Shall we dance?
Shall I make you some coffee? - Shall I make you some coffee?
Shall I see you tomorrow? - Will we see you tomorrow?

It is believed that in British English shall is used in ordinary affirmative sentences with the first person (I shall, We shall), however, these are slightly outdated expressions.

Quite often the future simple tense with the verbs will and shall is used in English sayings. For example:

Broken friendship may be soldered, but will never be sound. - A cracked friendship can be mended, but it will never be strong again.
No herb will cure love. - Love cannot be cured by any potions.
He that will eat the kernel must crack the nut. - Anyone who wants to eat nuts must crack them. / If you don’t crack the nut, you won’t eat the kernel.
We shall see what we shall see. - We'll see about that later./ It depends on how you look.
Many words will not fill a bushel. - You can’t fill a vessel with many words. / You won’t be full of conversations.
If the sky falls, we shall catch larks. - If the sky falls, we will catch larks./ If only, if only.
Hawks will not pick hawks" eyes. - A hawk will not peck out a hawk's eyes.
Not that will not when he may, when he will he shall have nay. - He who doesn’t want to when he can, won’t be able to when he wants to.
As the tree falls, so shall it lie. - As the tree falls, so will it lie./Where the tree leaned, that’s where it fell.

Thus, we became familiar with the future tense in English, as well as with the verbs of the future: will and shall. In addition, we looked at the form and place of the verb will in sentences, plus its many meanings.

For a small charge, try to translate the following sentences in English:

I think he will like this gift.
The weather will change for the better next week.
He promised that he would call me.
Can I help you with these heavy bags?
Could you please help me?
If it's cold, I'll put on my warm coat.
I'm sure this team will win.
She probably won't come.
It might rain tomorrow.
I'm afraid this won't help.
Where should we celebrate this Christmas?

The verb will (past tense form would) in English has two functions:
The first is the designation of the action which is planned in the future:

I will go there. (I'll go there).

The second is a modal verb that helps express desire, readiness, determination to perform an action: She will have her own way. (She'll do it her way.)

As well as a certain degree of confidence and assertiveness of the speaker:

That will be a doctor at the door. (Looks like the doctor has come).

A little history

It is curious that ancient English did not have a special form of the future tense. People guessed that an action was being planned using context. For Russian speakers, the consonant word “will” will help you remember the basic lexical meaning of the verb will. After all¸ is actually one of the most popular uses of will it is precisely the expression of the will to do something (or, on the contrary, to refuse an action).

A feature of modern English is that it does not have a future tense form, without additional shades: necessity, compulsion, desire, speaker or writer. This must be taken into account when using the verbs will and would.

It should be recalled that until recently, teachers of classical English grammar for the formation of the Simple Future Tense (Future Indefinite) required the use of the verb shall in the 1st person. Nevertheless, the language lives and develops and today the colloquial norm is almost universally considered will for all persons and numbers. In rare cases, using shall gives the speech a more formal or mentoring tone.

Basic uses of the verb will

• To indicate intention, desire, promise:
  He will help you. He will help you.
  We will come and see you next week. We will visit you next week.
• To express a request or order:
  You will tell me all secrets! You will tell me all the secrets!
  This form of categorical order, almost a threat, is noticeably softened by the use of please:
  Will you close the door, please? Could you close the door?
• To express some degree of confidence:
  We'll see you tomorrow. We'll see you tomorrow.
  He will be about fifty. He must be about fifty years old.

Basic uses of the verb would

To express the possibility of certain actions in the past (subjunctive mood, translated using the particle “would”).
If he knew, he would be glad. If he knew, he would be glad.

It is important to remember here that the English language has a strict rule of tense agreement. Therefore, if in the main sentence a verb is used in the past tense, then in the subordinate clause, Future in is used the Past. For this purpose we use would. The difficulty, which often gives rise to errors, is that in Russian, the subordinate clause is simply translated into the future tense.

I knew that you would give me a chance. I knew you would give me a chance.

In the present tense, this form is used for particularly polite, non-categorical requests.:

Would you come in? Won't you come in?
Would you close the window? Would you close the window?

To describe habitual actions in the past:
He would visit her every day. He used to visit her every day.

Used in reasoning and assumptions:
I wonder whether he would object... I wonder if he would object...

Sometimes the same verb is used to describe and convey direct speech:
She said she would leave. She said she would leave.

Contracted and negative forms of the verbs will and would

IN English speech Quite often the abbreviated (reduced) form of verbs is used. In cases where the proposal is affirmative, everything is quite simple:
I will - I'll
I'll. visit this museum
I will visit this museum.

He (she) will -he’ll (she’ll)
He'll (she will) ask me about it. He/she will ask for it

We will - We'll
We'll (we will) look after the children.
We'll look after the children.
They will be on time.

The short form would is even easier to use. It is formed according to one rule, reducing to the short “‘d”:
We were confident that he ‘d (he would) find a solution. We were confident that he would fulfill his promise.

Some difficulties may arise when using the shortened negative form of the verb will. In this case, you need to remember what to use general principle Abbreviations for this verb are not allowed! The forms willn’t and willnot do not exist! The correct ones are won’t from will (will not);

The verb would forms a short negative form according to the general rule: wouldn’t
We knew that they wouldn’t go to Moscow.We knew that they wouldn’t go to Moscow.

Peculiarities of using the verbs will and would

It is curious that in colloquial speech won’t is pronounced exactly the same as the verb want (want, desire). Their meaning can be recognized using context, as well as strictly grammatical requirements. The verb want has its own meaning. It is not modal, therefore it must be separated from another verb by the particle to.

For example, let's take two sentences:

We won't invite them. We won't invite them.

We want to invite them; already translated differently: We want to invite them.

There are several stable expressions (idioms) with the verb would that are popular in colloquial speech: would rather; would better; would sooner.

I would rather go on the next train. I'll probably take the next train.

You would better look after him. You better keep an eye on him.

She said she would sooner stay at home. She would rather stay at home.

You can also memorize a few proverbs with these verbs, which will make your speech more natural and help you remember the verbs better:

Hawks will not pick hawks' eyes. - V literal translation we are talking about hawks. Russian equivalent: A raven will not peck out a crow's eye.
Many words will not fill a bushel. - Words won't help matters.