Today many graduates high school prefer to choose a subject such as “History” to take the Unified State Exam. Anyone who believes that this is an easy subject to understand and pass is deeply mistaken. However, if you have made your choice, then you need to know what the main points of self-preparation for the Unified State Exam in history are from scratch.
The main mistakes of graduates
In the process of preparing for a history exam, schoolchildren often think that it is enough for them to read required material about this or that historical event to understand everything. This is a common mistake, because during the reading process a person does not know what to pay more attention to and what to pay less attention to. Memory is not able to contain all the information.
Many, relying on their ability to work, believe that they will be able to master the material a week before taking the Unified State Exam. Don't delude yourself. Understanding history can only come through systematic study of new things, repetition of old ones, and constant monitoring of acquired knowledge.
Most students think that by reading textbooks they will remember all the dates and historical terms. Few people succeed in this, since the amount of information is enormous. There is no need to try to remember absolutely everything; a normal person cannot do this.
If you start preparing for the Unified State Exam only from the beginning of grade 11 chronological order, then before the exam you may not have time to master everything, much less solve the tests. Therefore, with a short preparation time, it is better to move away from chronology in mastering the material.
Let's consider two options for preparing for the Unified State Exam in history: starting from grade 10 and starting from grade 11. The main factor here is the preparation time. Based on this, a different strategy is built in each case.
Preparation for the Unified State Exam in History from 10th grade
When preparing for the exam in advance, that is, starting from grade 10, you will have enough time to thoroughly study the material and control your knowledge. For this reason, you need to study the material in chronological order. First, the Old Russian state is studied, then the Middle Ages, Modern times, and only then modernity. Having studied the relevant period, you need to thoroughly pass tests on this topic. Testing must be done until consistent positive results are obtained. Only after this should you move on to the next period.
The preparation itself on the topic begins with studying notes, manuals and maps. First, you should study the notes in your notebooks. Then you need to read the same material in a textbook and other manuals linked to a map. You should note information that was missing from the notes. Then you need to write down on paper a plan of everything you have studied. It should be brief and include points and sub-points that can easily be used to verbally reproduce all the information received. This approach guarantees the formation of lasting knowledge, since it involves a large number of areas of the brain for memory.
Preparation for the Unified State Exam in history from 11th grade
When preparing from the 11th grade, there is no time for chronological study of the material, so you need to study it in blocks. For example, when choosing the “Wars” block, you need to study all military conflicts in Russia according to following diagram: the prerequisites for the war, its causes, what was the reason, the main events and results of the conflict. Must use visual aids and cards. We approach the study of other blocks in the same way." Foreign policy", "Culture and art", " Serfdom" and so on. After each block, you need to solve tests until a persistent problem appears. positive result. This approach does not allow you to study absolutely all topics of the history course, but it gives you confidence in successfully passing the Unified State Exam. It is enough to select a few main topics that are most often found in tests.
We must remember that the main thing is not memorizing all the material, but its competent systematization! Therefore, the entire amount of knowledge acquired must be placed on a chronological scale with dates. This will allow you to better navigate historical events.
How to prepare for the Unified State Exam in History?
G od will fly by unnoticed, and in your head there is only fragmentary knowledge about individual facts and names, so if you decide to take the Unified State Exam in history, you need serious preparation throughout the year. When starting to prepare, it is important to properly distribute time and energy from the very beginning.
Preparation should not consist of simply reading manuals or textbooks. We need not only theoretical preparation, which is sometimes lacking, but also practical - ability to perform specific examination tasks. And here the main help will be provided by standard Unified State Examination tasks, which are presented in abundance online and in bookstores. The most reliable option is to take materials from the official FIPI website (http://www1.ege.edu.ru/), where demo versions of tests from previous years are posted. You can also take a trial test online there.
Two preparation options can be offered.
First option.
Thoroughly study historical material on a specific historical period or one topic.
Preparation for each question should begin with an introductory (review) reading of the corresponding chapter or paragraph of the manual or textbook. Using reference literature, clarify the definitions of terms and write down mandatory dates on a separate sheet. Then you need to move on to a thorough study of the content of the manual: highlight individual thoughts and fragments with a pencil, highlight the most important things with various icons. If any issue is covered in the manual insufficiently or confusingly, then you should turn to other sources of information.
After such a deep acquaintance, it is best to create various tables, diagrams, maps. In any case, your notes should represent a consistent development of thought, and not a chaotic heap of extracts. They are best kept on separate sheets of paper with large margins (comments, corrections, additions, material for answering additional questions from examiners that are not included in the main text are placed on them). Using such a note, you can quickly reconstruct the content of the answer on the eve of the exam. In addition, writing a summary of the answer sharpens the logic of its construction, individual wording, teaches clarity of thought, and highlights gaps. And the material is remembered much better.
Second option.
Armed with textbooks and sample tests, you can begin preparing. You can make it a rule to work through one entire test every day, always checking your own options with the proposed answers.
And finally, before you choose the most suitable option preparation for the Unified State Exam, I advise you to watch the video consultations of the consultant Ph.D. Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History of Pre-Revolutionary Russia, PetrSU Ruzhinskaya Irina Nikolaevna. Of the many different presentations, I especially liked these ones.
Oh, well that's easy enough if you're in 10th grade right now. If at 11, you woke up a little late, of course, but there is still a chance and quite a big one.
First, you need to set yourself a score goal and work hard towards it. My goal was 100, I started from the very beginning of 11th grade. My baggage was very small, mainly formed on the basis of a course in Russian literature of the 19th century and the work of Karamzin as retold by my father-historian. So you must sit down and clearly evaluate what you can hope for. I was preparing together with a friend, an applicant to a provincial law school, who didn’t try very hard, but he just needed to overcome the threshold of 50 points, which he successfully did.
1. Best tutorial for passing the Unified State Exam - this is the Moscow State University textbook on the history of Orlov and Georgiev. You can buy it almost anywhere and it is very convenient. We teach “theory” using it.
2. Then you need to buy benefits. I took the usual ones from FIPI, plus a separate manual for complex tasks. Take a book with CIMs and solve them, write part C in full in a specially kept notebook. It is advisable to find a teacher who can test them. Or by keys. Solve as many tests as possible and get better at it.
3. Learn the codifier. Or at least read it carefully several times. You must know how each task is done. What points are given and taken away for? I highly recommend finding materials for teachers testing the Unified State Exam on the Fipi website - there are samples of tasks completed for average and high scores (Part C).
4. Buy manuals with pictures and maps. Most often asked about maps Slavic tribes, major battles and uprisings. It is very desirable to know what each ruler of Russia looks like (I’m not talking about Rurik and Svyatoslav, but it is imperative to distinguish Khrushchev from Andropov and Chernenko).
5. Keep tables. From major battles World War II until the reforms of Alexander I. If convenient, take notes. I didn’t write and just circled the right places in the textbook because it’s easier for me.
6. If you want a good score, don’t forget about culture. A lot of people miss it, especially those who are not preparing for the Unified State Exam in Literature. Feofan the Greek, Andrei Rublev, Falcone, Ton, Feofan Prokopovich and others, others, others. Learn famous churches, buildings, paintings, artists. There is a lot (!!!) of things here. Don't forget the culture of the 80s and 90s. Including TV shows.
7. Hang excerpts from your least favorite and difficult topics. For me, these were all sorts of officials of the USSR (this question is very popular on the Unified State Exam) and the Pugachev uprising, I don’t even know why.
8. Be prepared to study one topic 8, 9, 10 times. History is forgotten terribly quickly because there is so much information. I advise you to start with the most ancient one and end with Putin, it’s also advisable to learn him, you never know what they’ll come up with.
9. Find a friend and prepare together. It's fun and interesting, especially if your friend knows much more than you.
Hello, dear readers of the site, applicants, teachers and, probably, parents! All of you, of course, are rooting for applicants to pass the Unified State Exam with 100 points and enter prestigious universities. This desire is understandable. However, its implementation depends on the quality of the preparation itself.
In the last post, when we examined Khrushchev’s reign, I promised that I would post a post on this topic. Preparing for the Unified State Exam in history is quite a serious undertaking and should not be approached with disdain. In this article, I will analyze the mistakes that 95% of all guys make, and also outline the paths that you can follow to successfully prepare for history.
It is no secret that there is a lot of material on history, and learning it all is an extremely labor-intensive task. How to do this correctly? Read on and find out!
Many students make unforgivable mistakes. Now I will list them, if you do this, stop doing it. So, let's prepare for the exam in history correctly!
Common Preparation Mistakes
Mistake #1. Students simply read the history manual, thinking that once they read it, they will remember everything. When you read it, you are sure that you know the topic. Alas, this confidence is refuted by the very first verification test.
CONCLUSION: Reading is not high-quality memorization of material!
Mistake #2. Students hope to be able to learn the material a week before the exam. As a result, they delay studying the material, then “wake up” and realize that they don’t have time to do anything, since there is clearly a lot of material.
CONCLUSION: never delay studying the material, especially history!!!
Mistake #3. Students read the textbook, try to remember all the dates and definitions - but they fail, since there are so many of them.
CONCLUSION: never try to learn everything thoroughly - it is impossible unless you have a photographic memory!
Mistake #4. Students begin preparing for the Unified State Exam in history 10 months before the Unified State Exam and do so sequentially, studying topics in chronological order. As a result, they only have time to prepare for the topics, but do not have time to solve the tests or practice their solving skills.
CONCLUSION: If you started preparing for the Unified State Exam in history in 11th grade, then prepare not in chronological order.
Now I’ll actually explain how exactly you need to prepare for the Unified State Exam. There are two ways.
The first way
You have been preparing since 10th grade. In this case, you need to prepare chronologically, sequentially. That is, first Ancient Rus'... etc. by periods. After studying each period it is necessary take tests immediately. How exactly to teach? Take a notebook with notes (school or the one filled out during preparation with a tutor), take a normal allowance, and cards. Maps can be downloaded from the Internet. You also cook Blank sheet paper and pen.
Choose a topic. First, read the notebook, refreshing your memory general material, then read the SAME TOPIC in a textbook or manual, comparing what is new in the textbook and what is not in the notebook. At the same time, look at the map corresponding to this period. On a piece of paper, write down a plan for an ORAL answer on THIS topic. The plan should be complete, but the wording itself should be short. The volume of the plan should not exceed a notebook sheet, but it should be segmented into points and sub-points.
By doing this, you immediately hone at least three skills: the skill of working with texts, the skill of summarizing material and writing it down in a new short form- plan. The skill of searching for new information in addition to what has already been studied. In addition, by making a plan for each topic studied, you receive short plans for answers to all topics of the course! In the future, to remember the material, it will be enough to just look at the plan! A history course designed in this way will guarantee your quality preparation.
It is better to use maps and books instead. After all, visual presentation of material is 5-10 times more effective.
The second way
You have been preparing since 11th grade. In this case, you do not have time for consistent study. Or rather, there is. But in order to thoroughly work on each topic, you will have to spend at least 3-4 hours a day! After all, every topic has personalities, wars, reforms, etc. Therefore, you prepare in blocks. For example: block “Foreign Policy. Interaction with the South." Here you are looking for all the wars that Russia waged with the East and South, starting with Ancient Rus' and until 1991. You analyze these wars according to plan: Prerequisites, Reasons, Reason, Course of events, Results.
Write down the plan for each war in a separate notebook. Of course you use maps, manuals, and the Internet. Next, take a topic, for example, “Serfdom,” and look for all the material from 1497 to 1861. Make a plan on this topic that is extremely short in scope, but complete in content.
Of course, after each topic you solve thematic tests. By doing this, you, firstly, create a plan for each topic, and secondly, study the entire topic from beginning to end! Having studied all the topics in this way, you will not need to think about those periods that you did not have time to study! This is simply impossible with this approach!
Here, dear friends, we are preparing for the Unified State Exam in history! Of course, you may think that this is unrealistic. But believe me, the main thing when preparing for the Unified State Exam is not memorization of the material, but its systematization! Also look at this material on self-preparation for the Unified State Exam... And memorization occurs by itself after working on each topic independently directly during systematization!
The third way
For today however self-study It's no good at all for several reasons. The main ones are the children’s illusions about their time, as well as the illusion that they simply have an excellent memory, thanks to which they will instantly remember everything.
In fact, when they begin to analyze topics, despondency arises, and sometimes even nervous breakdowns - because there is really too much material.
Therefore the third way proper preparation for the Unified State Exam in history is associated with professional training, when a professional prepares you for the Unified State Exam. I am such a pro, and since 2015 we have opened our training courses, in which all the theory is laid out on the shelves, according to the Unified State Examination Codifier.
Thanks to our courses, dozens of children have already passed exams with scores above 90 (!) in this discipline and entered a university on a budget. Because in our courses we also build an individual strategy for entering the university. Nobody does this, only us!
To find out more about our courses, just click on this button:
Experts do not advise schoolchildren to study university textbooks
The country overcame the first - early - wave of the Unified State Examination and froze in horror before the next - main one. With the help of MK, a senior teacher at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University told 118 thousand applicants who chose this subject how to more effectively prepare for one of the most popular exams - history. Lomonosova, candidate of historical sciences, Olga Yumasheva.
— I’ll start, perhaps, with sedition. You need to prepare for the Unified State Exam in history not using university talmuds or aids for applicants, but using ordinary school textbooks! The reason is purely prosaic: only in school textbooks can you find answers to all Unified State Exam questions. And among them, I note, there are the most unexpected ones.
So, in this year’s Unified State Exam test there is a question: who wrote the musical work “The Flea”? (I leave the choice of this very “Flea” and not “Ruslan and Lyudmila” or, say, “Boris Godunov” to the conscience of the test writers). So, this is in the school textbook. But you may not find it in some universities. And there are many such examples.
Now about how to read the material. This should be done not for one topic of the textbook, but in blocks of 3-4 topics, since too few tasks are given for each topic. For example, block I: “Eastern Slavs in ancient times”; " Kievan Rus"; "Feudal fragmentation." Block II: “The Mongol-Tatar Yoke,” etc. And, so that nothing from what you read is “lost,” be sure to answer all the questions in the textbook. On their basis, Unified State Examination tasks are formed.
To "knock out" maximum amount points for the simplest part “A” or the more detailed part “B”, you must definitely learn the dates. Moreover, in some cases not only a year, but also a month. For example, according to Patriotic War 1812. And it’s not just that there are a lot of questions in test part “A” on dates. Unified State Exam assignments in history are compiled in such a way that knowledge of at least one of the dates will allow you to guess even what you don’t know. For example, I saw in the task the years 1581, 1597, 1694 and based on one familiar date - say, 1597 - I guessed: yeah, we're talking about about the enslavement of peasants. And earned an extra point.
There are also geographical clues. Take, for example, the war of 1812 again. Everyone understands: Smolensk lies west of Moscow. This means that the order of battles with Napoleon’s troops is obvious. Well, if you absolutely know the answer to a question, use the method of elimination: first discard everything that definitely cannot be, and guess the rest. Just think! And use common sense.
Part “C” is a special discussion. It is considered creative, but many things here raise serious questions. For example, the probe task: “Compare the control system Old Russian state under the first princes Oleg and Igor and Yaroslav the Wise." One of the correct answers to the question of what they had in common is considered to be “The capital of the state is in Kyiv.” Firstly, it simply may not come to mind. Secondly, this answer is not clear: Oleg just went to Kyiv. But in order to get an extra point, you have to answer this way. Therefore, without further ado, a lot of things just need to be memorized.
In principle, pass the Unified State Exam Russian history easily. Moreover, so much so that no individual tutors or lectures at school are needed for this. By by and large, this is a trick: a normal student can easily prepare himself. Only you need to study not in the last month or two - this inevitably dooms you to the very training that is so rightly criticized - but in advance. Better - throughout the last school year. Then, without stress, you can read the entire history course the required number of times. Three or four is enough to get a high rating.
