How to make a spiral staircase with your own hands - calculation, production and installation. Features of calculations and drawings for creating a spiral staircase with your own hands

A beautiful and comfortable spiral staircase is quite simple and is perfect for organizing the transition to the attic or attic floor.

The main feature of screw structures is their unusual shape. Externally, the console of the building looks like a petal with rounded edges. The main advantage of the device is significant space savings in the house.

Most often it is placed in a vertical position, without inclined straight steps. Despite the fact that it is not entirely comfortable to walk along such a staircase, the entire structure can occupy only 1 square meter. m.

The structural part of spiral staircases may differ. Fixation flight of stairs carried out radially. If you pay attention to the horizontal cut of the screw in the diagrams, you will notice that it can be polygonal or round.

Types of spiral staircases:

• resting on a wall and supporting structure;
• supported by special support posts.
• supported on a fence or curved bowstrings;
• with pinching into the support post.

A wide variety of materials can be used for construction. Most owners prefer to build structures from concrete, wood or metal.

Advantages and disadvantages

• They do not clutter up space, so they occupy minimal amount free area in the room. They are easy to install in small rooms;
• Subject to the selection of high-quality materials and compliance with all construction rules, this design has a stylish and modern design, therefore, it can be not only a means of transportation, but also serve as home decoration;
• Compared to other types of staircases, the cost of spiral staircases is much lower, so home owners do not have to overpay for anything;
• The structures can be placed either against the wall or in the middle of the room;
• Marches can be installed with the narrowed side to the main central support or the wide part attached to the wall.

Screw structures have only one drawback. The point is that you can’t go up and down quickly without holding on to the railing. Otherwise, it could result in all sorts of injuries. To reduce the risk of getting caught, it is preferable to install flights with wider steps.

Professionals advise starting to make a drawing with detailed plan first floor and indicating the area where it will be installed. The plan must include the exact dimensions of the opening, taking into account the given scale.

Rotating blades, as a result of which the shape of the steps changes, must also be drawn in detail, while all proportions must be respected. A separate diagram shows circular lifting angles.

Design calculation

Calculation of parts must be carried out with special care, otherwise errors will result in discomfort and bruises.

The calculation must be carried out according to the following rules:

• According to accepted standards, the minimum step length should be about 150 mm with a height of 300 mm. You should not violate these parameters, as this may result in a decrease in the level of security. Maximum figures vary around 140-160 mm in length and 280-300 in height.
• A significant factor is the angle of inclination. Naturally, the higher this indicator, the more it takes less space. Acceptable values ​​vary from 23º to 45º. The most popular tilt angle is from 25º to 35º. An inclination angle of more than 45º is too sharp, so you can only climb the stairs backwards. But if the slope is less than 23º, it is more logical to install a ramp.

For the production of steps, wood with a denser texture is often used - tanned beech. Brittle rocks should be avoided, as they are not able to withstand the high loads placed on them.

The thickness of the finished elements should not be less than 50 mm if the height of the structure should not exceed 2 m. If the height of the structure is increased, then the thickness of the steps should be at least 60 mm. The number of steps is determined by dividing the height of the opening by the rise up.

The material used must be thoroughly dried and processed. It should be taken into account that if uneven drying occurs after installation, the wood gradually begins to lose moisture and deform, taking on the shape of a propeller.

Moreover, a damaged step must be replaced immediately after the defect appears, otherwise one step may pull other elements with it, compromising the strength of the structure. That is why professionals advise purchasing already planed material.

Due to its efficiency and low cost, wood structures are especially popular. As a plan, you can use ready-made drawings developed by professionals.

As for the advantages of this type of device, it is, undoubtedly, fire resistance, the ability to combine various materials, modern design, ease of installation and durability.

Many modern home owners who follow fashion trends and their homes install spiral staircases not only inside, but also outside.

This is due to the fact that metal materials are least resistant to various climatic influences and withstand bad weather.

Concrete, metal, wood and brick pillars are used to construct the supporting structure. They are attached using elements, bolts and couplings welded to the pipe.

The steps are easiest to attach to a wooden stand. For this, bars, metal corners, etc. are used. The stand must be firmly fixed and able to withstand the total weight of all components and a person with a large body weight.

If the staircase consists of at least three steps, it must be fenced, and the railings must be equipped with handrails, which are easy enough to pick up when we're talking about about direct march flights. But a screw product requires a radius fence with curved handrails, which significantly complicates the task. Contacting the Railing Empire will help you find a solution. The production of fencing structures and their sale at affordable prices is the main specialization of the company, so we can produce handrails for a spiral staircase of absolutely any complexity.

Our price: from 8,000 rubles

The main function of connecting structures between floors is to ensure safe, comfortable movement. This means that the railing should be comfortable to hold on to, so the handrails need to be adjusted to the size and height of the balusters. In linear structures, achieving an accurate fit is not very difficult, even in domestic and artisanal conditions. But the spiral staircase requires the participation of qualified specialists who have professional equipment at their disposal for improvement.

It is worth paying attention to the aesthetic aspect. To ensure that the handrails correspond to the overall interior concept, it is advisable to consult with experienced designer. Exact matching of shape and size is also important in terms of aesthetics, as is the quality of installation. “Empire of Railings” is well versed in the nuances of radius railings, so when you order a handrail for a spiral staircase from us, you don’t have to worry about the result.

Cooperation scheme

Choosing a handrail material for a spiral staircase

When choosing a material, you should be guided not only by aesthetic considerations, but also by operating conditions. Despite the fact that the installation of spiral staircases is carried out, as a rule, interior spaces, you need to pay attention to the probability high humidity, temperature changes and other factors that can affect negative impact. But there are also universal options. For the manufacture of stair railings and handrails, we use popular materials, the individual characteristics of which can be clarified by calling our managers:

• Stainless steel;
• Natural wood;
• Plastic (PVC).

Regardless of the material used in manufacturing, handrails are carefully processed to protect against aggressive factors and ease of use. With help special equipment they are given an individual configuration and shape agreed with the customer. If you haven't become one yet, call right now so you don't waste any more time. A metal, wooden or plastic handrail for a spiral staircase, ordered from “Empire of Railings”, will be pleasant to the touch, reliable and beautiful.

Increasingly, spiral staircases are found in homes and cottages. This is due to the beautiful appearance of the products, a wide variety of designs and the ability to install them in a relatively small area.

Handrails for spiral staircases play a huge role in the safety and aesthetics of the product. The article suggests getting acquainted with the types, materials and manufacturing features of such structures.

The railings on a spiral staircase, like on a regular staircase, serve to protect a person from falling from the stairs and provide support during ascent and descent.

The railings include:

• Balusters. These are the support posts on which the handrail is attached. Their purpose is to perform a load-bearing and decorative role;
• Fillers. Such elements are necessary to fill the gap between the balusters. They serve as a decoration for the structure and increase safety when moving. Such elements are not always used, but if there are children in the house, fillers are installed without fail;
• Handrails. This support element for hands when moving. Installed on one side or, if necessary, on both sides of a spiral staircase. Handrails are attached to balusters, or directly to the wall, as in the photo.

Types of Fence Infills

There are several types of structures to fill the space between racks. You can get acquainted with them from the table:

In addition, the fencing can be made by analogy with the bowstrings of a spiral staircase; spiral staircases with a support pillar without fencing can be manufactured.

Materials for making fencing

Before you make a railing for a spiral staircase, you should get acquainted with the materials for their manufacture.

Tip: When choosing a design and material for railings, you should pay attention to their combination with the style of the staircase and the entire interior of the room.

Stair railings can be made from the following materials:

• . The price of such structures is the highest. The fence is difficult to install due to the need to bend the material, which can only be done in the factory. Glass for fencing is preferably used in office premises, for residential buildings in interiors made in high-tech and minimalist styles.

Tip: When ordering glass panels from a company to enclose a spiral staircase, you must specify their bending radius; some organizations cannot produce a small radius due to the complexity of the process technology.

• Iron railings for a spiral staircase. The cost of fencing is more economical, and appearance almost as good as glass. For production, metal pipes and rods of square and round cross-section are used, bent into the desired pattern. After this, the elements are welded together, the joints are cleaned and painted in the desired color. Metal railings can have a wide variety of shapes and colors, without restrictions in application;
• Of stainless steel. The technology of their manufacture is similar to that of ordinary metal, the difference is in the appearance after completion of the work. Stainless steel looks more presentable and stylish. Such railings can be installed in wet rooms, outdoors. Stainless steel allows you to create original and very beautiful external spiral staircases.
• Trees. These are economical and beautiful handrails for spiral staircases, which can fit perfectly into any interior from classic to high-tech, depending on finishing designs.

Tip: When making a wooden fence, you need to choose high-quality wood with minimal moisture. This will prevent cracking and deformation of the structure during operation.

After careful polishing and varnishing of all surfaces, the design will become pleasant to the touch and very beautiful. Wood is always warm, unlike metal.

Making handrails for a spiral staircase from wood is especially recommended in rooms where there are children. The designs look very elegant, but they take up quite a lot of space; they are best used in residential buildings and premises with a large area.

• Stone. This is the most expensive option and is used very rarely in homes. Stone is difficult to combine with many interior styles. Such structures are used for fencing spiral staircases in castles, palaces and similar majestic buildings;
• Plastic. Most often it is used to imitate materials such as stone or wood. PVC railings are low cost, have a long service life, look aesthetically pleasing, and are safe to use.
• Combining materials. The options can be very different: wood with metal, glass with metal, metal with wood. They are appropriate to use in different styles from modern and classic to high-tech (see) and minimalism.

Tip: When using a combination of materials for railings, you should pay attention to the quality of processing of the joints during installation. Deformation may occur during use. different parts, due to improper adhesion of materials to each other.

The most common options for making railings are metal and wood. Making a handrail for a spiral staircase with your own hands from such materials is quite simple; you just need to have the desire and a little construction skills.

Features of the selection and design of railings

For the correct selection and design of stair railings, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of SNiPs and GOSTs, which indicate:

• The height of the railings in your house should not be less than 900 mm;
• The distance between balusters should be no more than 300 mm;
• All butt seams and connections of elements must be decorated and fastened together with high quality.

Handrails for railings can be different shapes: round, square, rectangular, but always convenient for placement in the hand, without sharp corners to avoid injury when walking up stairs.

Fencing design

Before making a spiral handrail for the stairs, it is worth drawing desired result on a computer or paper. Design sketches are an integral part of creating a stair railing project. They must indicate all the dimensions of the product.

This will help you complete all the parts for the railing correctly or select them ready-made.

At self-production fencing for stairs, some elements should be purchased ready-made. For example, many will not be able to correctly determine how to bend a handrail for a spiral staircase. Sometimes railings for spiral staircases are purchased as a set, which is only assembled from a set of parts at the installation site.

When creating a virtual model of the fence, given that the staircase has already been built and its dimensions are known, it is necessary to determine three parameters:

• Railing radius;
• Tilt angle;
• Length.

These values ​​are transferred to the virtual model. For this:

• There is a free area, preferably on the ground;
• The center of the structure is marked with a peg;
• A circle is drawn using a rope with a nail attached to a peg.
• Radius is the distance between the center of the support and the installation location of the balusters;
• Supports are hammered around the perimeter of the circle where future railings will be attached. Their height should be approximately 2 meters;
• To increase the rigidity of the layout, it is worth installing spacers inside such a “dial”.

Manufacturing of railings

After preparing the structure, you can make spiral-shaped railings.

Work instructions:

• The first strip of plywood is taken and secured with self-tapping screws on the posts. In this case, fasteners are placed from the inside of the structure, those that come out are cut off with a grinder;
• Fastening should begin slightly above the floor level and continue with a slope, as on a spiral staircase. It turns out to be a spiral;
• Wood glue is applied to the first strip;
• The second part is attached and fixed to the first along the entire length with clamps. In this case, each subsequent strip is glued to the previous strip with a ledge;
• Approximately 100 mm should be left for each strip, which will make it easy to lengthen the railing; usually spiral staircases on stringers consist of 1.5 - 2 turns.

Tip: Do not glue several strips at once; the glue must dry well. This will have a good effect on uniformity, which will improve the appearance of the railing.

• After installing all the strips, the excess length of the fence is carefully trimmed with a grinder;
• The second part of the workpiece is made using the same principle;
• The accuracy of fit of the workpieces to the finished staircase is checked;
• Both parts of the blanks are combined;
• The connected ledges are secured with wood glue and self-tapping screws;
• The resulting workpiece is attached to the top and bottom of the stairs;
• By pulling the workpiece with self-tapping screws in increments of 100 mm to the upper end of the posts, the correct location of the future fence is checked;
• General fastening is carried out for each vertical stand or baluster;
• Excess parts of the railing are cut off at the edges perpendicular to the floor.

The video in this article will tell you in more detail how to make a fence for a spiral staircase.

Final processing of the railings is being carried out

To give the structure a beautiful appearance, you must:

• Sand all surfaces;
• Corners are rounded and all irregularities are eliminated;
• Wood dust and wood particles generated during work are mixed with wood glue and used for driving in holes to close holes;
• After drying, these areas are sanded.
• The final processing of the railings is carried out with “zero” sandpaper.
• The structure is opened with impregnation and varnish, or painted in a favorite color that matches the interior of the room.

These are just some types of spiral fences, recommendations on how to choose or make a spiral staircase railing and the most common technology for their installation. Showing your imagination, you can combine various types, get a work of art to decorate not only the stairs, but the entire room.

Making and installing a screw structure with your own hands

Many manufacturers offer screw designs that are easy to transport and assemble on site. In this case, home handyman All that remains is to take care of the reliability of the fastenings of the support post, steps and railings, so that the installation with your own hands is carried out in accordance with the instructions and safety requirements. Installation of a finished screw structure You can also use ready-made wooden steps rectangular shape, which are quite easy to adjust to the dimensions obtained in the calculations. After processing, the edges should be sanded thoroughly. Based on the master's plan, the steps can be covered with stain and varnish or paint. When moving on to making and installing a bowstring with your own hands, you should consider what to give wooden parts the bent shape is extremely difficult. For this purpose, a special technology is used, in which the wood is soaked, shaped and dried in a fixed state. An alternative would be to connect individual segments into a single string.
By observing the necessary standards and following the instructions of qualified specialists, every craftsman familiar with the principles of woodworking can manufacture and install a spiral staircase structure. For a more complete picture, we recommend that you also familiarize yourself with.

A staircase in a private low-rise building carries not only a functional load - it must be beautiful and easy to use. Even for a one-story building you need to equip some lifting device, and for a two- or three-story house, calculating a spiral staircase or staircase of another design is vital. Screw (spiral) structures staircase structures have the main advantage - they take up little space. The space for climbing using such a device will be the same as when using conventional marching or other spatial structures, and if the house is wooden, then a wooden staircase will perfectly complement the design elements of the premises, without ceasing to meet safety requirements.

How to choose the shape of a spiral staircase

The classic version of the product with a spiral design involves the steps resting on the wall on one side, and their fastening to the load-bearing column on the other. The characteristic and main distinguishing feature of screw products is a separate stone, concrete or brick column. The building material for this option is concrete or a natural stone, sometimes - wood or metal, even less often - a combination of all these materials with the inclusion of glass and plastic. Under construction classic staircase immediately, during the construction of a house, since the steps must be walled up in the wall, and the supporting column must be embedded in the base of the floor.

Right choice The model is based on knowledge of the structures, types, functionality and design of stair products. The main classification is based on the following criteria:

1. Construction materials;
2. Design - by shape (spiral), by style (high-tech, classic), by design features (modular);
3. Shape of the stairs;
4. Place of operation;
5. Railing design;
6. Dimensions and design dimensions of the product.

Functional purpose:

1. Stairs for entering a house or premises;
2. Interfloor structures;
3. Auxiliary (for utility rooms);
4. Entrance to the basement;
5. Entrance to the attic or attic.

The most common solutions for staircase structures:

1. Straight marching, rotary (spiral) models made of wood or metal with the possible inclusion of plastic and glass;
2. Products are modular or made from prefabricated elements;
3. Products constructed on rails, stringers or brackets;
4. Stairs that can be converted into other household structures, portable models;
5. External and internal staircase models;
6. Wall-mounted or individual products;
7. Stairs with steps of closed or open design;
8. Models with and without railings.

Making spiral staircases with your own hands, drawings of which can be found in the public domain, is possible with skillful use of tools, diagrams and knowledge of the basics of working with wood and metal - any staircase should be not only beautiful and comfortable, but also safe, especially if in the house old people and children live there.

Wooden stairs with marches

Marching rise is simplest design, which you can do yourself. For such a staircase, they most often develop their own drawing, which indicates in detail all the dimensions of two or more flights, which are separated by steps or turning surfaces.

Important! Any variants of stairs are complex engineering structures, the implementation of which requires accuracy in calculations and reliability of building materials. Staircase calculations can be done online or independently, but it is better to use the services of specialists.

Calculations and algorithms - example

The first step to making a staircase is choosing your design option. A wooden spiral staircase, the drawing of which was developed and compiled by outside specialists, requires verification and clarification of the calculation results. Moreover, each specific solution will have its own individual construction conditions. So, when using a staircase with a side support, you will need to equip a “well”, in the side planes of which the steps will be rigidly built. The “well” is a technically complex mechanism, and you can make it yourself, but it is preferable to go with the option with a load-bearing beam on the main rod.

As an example, we can provide an independent calculation of a screw model in which the support beam serves as metal pipe with a wall thickness of 5 mm, Ø of the main pipe - 48 cm. Metal corners will serve as fastening for the consoles by welding, the steps are made of solid wood. An ideal screw design is a regular circle with a diameter equal to the dimensions of the entrance opening to the room. A simple but accurate formula to calculate the circumference of a staircase:

L = 2πR x n; or L=2πR x (γ / 360);

• R is the radius of the circle of the structure;
• R 1 - internal radius of the stairs (pipe diameter);
• γ — stair turn, the value reflects the difference in height between the steps of the staircase;
• L is the circumference.

The practical implementation of the model calculated using this formula showed that comfortable movement along such stairs will be complicated by tight openings, therefore the radius of movement should be 2R / 3. The final and working formula:

From the comparative diagram above it is clear that a staircase with a spiral design differs from a straight model by a different, more specific shape of steps. The console of a spiral product is a petal with a rounded end and with specific characteristics and meanings:

• h is the length of one tread, reflecting the difference between R and R 1. If the length of one step is chosen to be less than 1 m, then the console can be made of hard wood without a frame;
• W 1 - tread width;
• W 2 - step width;
• Α is the stage rotation angle.

To find out the total number of steps, you need to divide the height of the opening by the rise, the standard and comfortable value of which is taken to be 15-30 cm. The angle is calculated by

• α= γ / number of steps;

Having the calculated width and angle values, you can calculate the maximum tread width:

• W 1 = R x sin α

The average tread width will be:

• W = R x sin α = (2R x sin α) / 3

Types of spiral staircases

The screw model is not a necessary solution. It is equipped if there is not enough space in the room for a marching structure. The design of such products can be absolutely anything - from classic to modern or high-tech. For example, a wrought iron staircase is suitable for any interior if individual parts and elements are finished with wood or stone. Spiral models also work as auxiliary structures - attics, basements, etc.

Disadvantages of screw spiral designs of internal stairs:

1. It is more difficult to climb on a helical surface than on a marching surface - due to the cramped and circular design, there is a danger of injury, children and the elderly are especially at risk;
2. It is inconvenient to lift/lower pieces of furniture and other bulky items using a screw product;
3. The complex geometry of the steps makes it difficult to quickly move along the steps, since the steps for the left and right legs will have different sizes;

But the appearance of such a model most often outweighs all its shortcomings - the design looks light and airy, although it is very durable and reliable. Rotary staircase systems are also considered screw, as they have winder steps. Turning stairs are as follows:

1. Curvilinear complex design;
2. Half-turn rotary models;
3. Quarter turn devices;
4. Curved models.

When assembling and installing the rotary model, it is strengthened along load-bearing wall, with handrail outside. The disadvantage of such structures is considered to be an uncomfortable climb up the steps.

Features of installation of a spiral staircase

The assembly of spiral staircases is carried out in a certain sequence, violation of which can weaken the structure:

1. Calculation of parameters for specific operating conditions;
2. Selecting a place for support, installing the support bottom flange;
3. Fastening the first step to the floor with a flange;
4. A set of bushings for the support post, fastening the remaining steps;
5. Fastening the entire frame to the wall, or mounting the structure to the ceiling using the top step;
6. Fastening the upper end of the support;
7. Selecting the design and design of railings and other protective elements.

To calculate where to install the supporting metal rod, two construction cords are pulled diagonally on the second floor at the location where the stairs are installed. At the intersection of the cords, a plumb line is attached, and on the first floor the center of the axis is marked, which will be the main axis of the staircase. The tube for the rod should be ≈ 50 mm in diameter if it is metal. Wooden pillar should be at least twice as thick.

For safe operation It is recommended to fill a screw, attic or attic support with concrete - for this purpose a separate concrete cushion is installed. The support can be secured to concrete using anchor bolts or turboprops through a metal flange with mounting holes.

The steps on the main support are attached according to smaller size. The height of the riser should be equal to the height of the sleeve minus the thickness of the washer, which is inserted between the bushings and the tread. The washers must be metal to minimize their wear during operation.

If desired, parts made from other decorative durable materials - glass, stone, plastic, marble, etc. - can be inserted into the elements of wooden spiral staircases. The lifespan of the staircase and the degree of its strength depend on the material from which the main supporting rod is made. Therefore, preference is given to building materials such as asbestos cement, concrete or metal. Steps are attached different ways: on asbestos cement or concrete - with bolts or anchors, on metal - by welding or threaded connections. Sometimes a brick, wood or stone column is used as the main support.