The best models of solid fuel boilers. Review of the rating of long-burning heating equipment

Industrial solid fuel boiler long burning came to our homes not so long ago, although humanity has known about the principle of this kind, slow burning, since medieval times. And the technology of a “smoldering fire” enclosed in a stone vice will be demonstrated in practice by any professional forester or hunter. There are a great many modifications, and almost every seller offers a long-burning solid fuel boiler.

Choosing the optimal and reliable long-burning boiler for a private home can only be done after a thorough assessment of the characteristics of the presented devices. In addition, it will be necessary to coordinate them with the characteristics of the heated room.

A solid knowledge of the range and classification of devices will help you choose a long-burning solid fuel boiler. Let's take a look at their varieties together and see what makes up the price of such an interesting and attractive product.

The demand among the population to buy long-burning solid fuel boilers is based on the constant need to save money, as well as the time spent on adding fuel and regularly cleaning equipment.

Long-burning solid fuel boiler - varieties.

The honorary title of a long-burning solid fuel boiler is given to any device that maintains combustion throughout the day. If a boiler burns out for a day, it gets the long-burning status, if two boilers burn out, the status doesn’t change, if it burns out for a week, they all get the same name.

Thus, we may encounter a device with a different period of support for fuel smoldering, while the very phrase “solid fuel boiler for long burning” is unlikely to tell us everything specifications devices.

Only two main types of equipment are distinguished in this segment - a long-burning wood boiler and a long-burning coal boiler. Both devices are capable of servicing both a system with a water circuit and a system with. In addition, a long-burning solid fuel boiler has a number of distinctive features, which we will focus on.

Long-burning solid fuel boiler - methods of fuel combustion

Traditional energy-dependent boilers.

In traditional models, it is usually implemented simplest scheme burning of fuel reserves. In design, they resemble an ordinary stove, with an uncharacteristic special window located in the upper part of the boiler and used to load firewood or coal.

The principle of its operation is based on the process of smoldering, which does not involve the burning of a bright flame. During smoldering, a special ventilation pump helps to release a sufficient amount of heat for heating, which turns on automatically and removes excess oxygen from the firebox.

Manufacturers have taught devices to track the percentage of oxygen content in the combustion chamber, allowing required amount only to maintain smoldering, preventing an open flame from flaring up. The smoldering state that a long-burning solid fuel boiler maintains provides obvious savings on expensive fuel, and also frees the owner from the routine, hourly addition of firewood or coal.

Engineers made sure that a traditional long-burning solid fuel boiler included a special afterburning section for residual fuel. The afterburner is a winding labyrinth that promotes maximum heat transfer.

A simple solution made it possible to ensure almost complete combustion and destruction of toxic products arising during operation of the boiler. Thus, it increases environmental Safety and the efficiency of the device as a whole. At the same time, the generated heat is used to heat the coolant, increasing the boiler efficiency to 85%.

The main element in heat exchange in a traditional boiler is the heat exchanger. The coolant flowing through it ensures further transfer of thermal energy directly to the heating radiators.

The traditional long-burning solid fuel boiler is famous for its ease of operation, high reliability and long service life. The disadvantage is the mediocre efficiency, which leaves much to be desired. A more significant problem may be energy dependence.

Electronic regulation of oxygen supply and fan operation are not possible without power supply. Thus, the operation of the heating system becomes vulnerable during emergency power failures. Of course, a pre-installed device will come to the rescue uninterruptible power supply. But, firstly, you need to buy it, and secondly, its operation does not imply a long service life.

non-volatile long-burning boilers

The second combustion method is represented by numerous gas generators. This design is more often called pyrolysis boiler. It is characterized by an increased efficiency value reaching 90%. High intensity of thermal energy generation is achieved by a special method of fuel combustion.

First, the fuel material is dried. The further process is accompanied by degassing, as a result of which about 85% of the substances during combustion are converted into flammable pyrolysis gas. Video review describes in detail how a long-burning pyrolysis solid fuel boiler is operated.

The advantage of pyrrole boilers, is their complete energy independence, the device is perfect for installation in problem regions with difficulties in supplying electricity. The second plus is autonomy. No constant adjustment is required, and the temperature is maintained in the specified mode with an error of no more than ± 3°C.

Five times more economical better than a boiler with direct flame. It will take 10 kg of fuel per day to heat an area of 100 m2. Almost complete combustion frees you from the frequent work of cleaning the boiler from ash. The burning time is about 12 -16 hours.

Long-burning solid fuel boiler - pros and cons

In the absence of a gas main, there are not many alternatives to build a heating system. It can be installed, provided that gas supplies are established in the region. You can use environmentally friendly, but expensive electricity by connecting. But what to do if such options are not affordable? Or are gas and electricity resources limited or non-existent?

A long-burning solid fuel boiler will not require significant installation costs from the owner and will provide a reasonable replacement for the listed heating methods.

Advantages:

Easy to use. Traditional work with wood, pellets or coal does not require special skills. Cleaning up ash takes no more than an hour a week.

Durability. Service life exceeds 10 years. A long-burning boiler is an unpretentious technique. Simple design, with careful operation, can serve regularly for several decades.

Ecologically pure. The afterburner ensures almost complete combustion of the fuel. Emissions harmful substances natural combustion product - processed as a result of photosynthesis.

High efficiency. There are models on the market with a value of up to 90 – 95%. Minimum heat losses are ensured. Engineering solutions optimize the process of afterburning pyrolysis gases. The heat exchanger design is designed with maximum heat transfer to the coolant.

Efficiency and economy. Modern equipment is not much inferior to gas analogues. The effectiveness of long-term burning reaches seven or more days.

Reasonable fuel cost. Sometimes it’s the only possible one. Frees you from dependence on expensive gas equipment.

There is no permitting documentation for installing the boiler. There is no requirement to conclude service agreements with gas services.

A long-burning solid fuel boiler allows you to ensure home ownership hot water, in the case of a second circuit. In addition, it will help to expand functionality.

Flaws:

Permanent owner involvement. Despite the long combustion process from one load, sooner or later you have to return to replenishing the loading compartment with fuel.

Regular cleaning. Probably the least popular maintenance process, it requires constant cleaning of ash. All that remains is to envy the pure gas equipment or electrical apparatus.

Separate room. You will have to allocate a separate room with good ventilation and a chimney. A long-burning solid fuel boiler for a private home usually has significant dimensions; it may be necessary to prepare a special installation site with a reinforced foundation.

Maintenance of fuel stocks. Replenishment and preservation of fuel residues will require additional financial investments Compliance with safety measures and maintaining a certain humidity of the product also adds problems in resolving storage issues.

How to choose a long-burning solid fuel boiler

We suggest you determine the evaluation criteria that will make it easier to choose a long-burning boiler for a private home. Let's look at the main sections that you should pay attention to and get acquainted with the optimal parameters of suitable devices.

We hope our advice will help you choose the right long-burning solid fuel boiler to ensure comfortable living in the absence of gas.

Solid fuel.

From the very beginning, you need to decide on the type of fuel that is most accessible in your region. Take into account that it will be cheaper and more accessible to transport and store. Is there active logging going on in the nearby area?

Most likely, preference should be given to wood-burning equipment. Homeowners where wood raw materials are in short supply should be advised to take a closer look at heating with pellets.

A coal or anthracite boiler is recommended for those properties where mining is underway or coal transportation is properly organized. It is advantageous to organize heating systems using sawdust combustion at a wood processing facility.

Device power characteristics

A contractor will help you choose the required power of a long-burning boiler. installation work heating system. If you are creating comfort with your own hands, calculate the area of the heated room.

Traditionally, 10 kW of boiler power is assigned per 100 meters of area. Using simple mathematical calculations, determine the required value. The data obtained will help you find the optimal long-burning solid fuel boiler in the numerous assortment on the heating equipment market. As a rule, it is recommended to add 10% to the obtained value in order to provide a power reserve in case of severe frost.

Loading chamber

There is an indicator that depends on the ratio of the volume of the loading chamber and the power characteristics of the boiler. The value is considered sufficient if it falls within the coefficient range from 3.3 to 5 liters/kilowatt. The coefficient is important criterion which helps you choose a long-burning boiler for your home.

If the final figure is closer to the maximum index threshold, the more joy for the homeowner - he will not need to boot the device as often.

For example, consider the Viessmann Vitoligno 100-S 25 pyrolysis boiler. According to the technical data, the size of the loading chamber of the device has a volume of 110 liters. Power is 25 kW. We calculate the index: 110/25 = 4.4 l/kW. As you can see, the coefficient falls within acceptable limits and is considered very good.

Long-burning solid fuel boiler Stropuva

Since we are talking about companies that produce long-burning solid fuel boilers on the market, we cannot ignore the well-deserved leader - the Stropuva company. A Lithuanian boiler is capable of operating on one filling of coal for up to 120 hours, on pellets 72 hours, on wood 30 hours respectively.

Not very bad parameters for of this type long burning boilers. Let’s also look at why Stropuva boilers have gained such great popularity:

Long burning. Reaches 5 days.
Multi-level security. The company claims that during overheating and overload, the boiler device contracts like a tin can under foot load and under no circumstances does it explode, but only shrinks inward.
Economical. Optimal characteristics resource use. Wood waste can be used as fuel.
Energy independence. The Stropuva boiler does not require electricity.
Ecology comes first and meets high European standards.
Attractive appearance.
5 year warranty.

It was not for nothing that Lithuanian engineers designed a long-burning boiler in the shape of a cylinder. Now, thanks to its compact size, installation of the Stropuva boiler does not require a large area and can fit in the limited space of a city apartment.

Pricing policy for long-burning boilers

The price is determined based on many indicators and values, the main ones fit into three fundamental factors:

Brand, country of origin;
Characteristics of thermal power;
Multifunctional design and recyclability different kinds fuel.

By the way, long-burning wood-burning boilers from the Stropuva company with a power of 20 kW are in price range 1400-1900 euros. At the same time, similar power, but on a universal model, will cost 2000-2400 euros.

The classic is represented on the market by the Buderus long-burning boiler from a German concern. Operation is allowed on wood, coal, anthracite and pellets. The cost of the Buderus boiler is determined by the thermal output and ranges from 1400-1900 euros.

Let's add another EU manufacturer from Germany - the company's long-burning solid fuel boiler (Junkers) shows excellent characteristics. BoilerJunkers stands out from the assortment for the better with a power of 32 kW with a price per device of 1600 euros.

The Viessmann company asks for the highest price for its long-burning pyrolysis boiler; for the Vitoligno model, the concern wants to receive from 2300 to 5900 euros for a boiler with a maximum industrial power of 80 kW.

It's time to turn to a domestic manufacturer. Available options start at 35 thousand rubles, so a Russian-made Cooper solid fuel boiler can be purchased for 40 thousand rubles.

Also on the Internet there is a huge amount of advice on how to make a long-burning solid fuel boiler with your own hands. If there is material and skillful hands, you can create your own cauldron!

conclusions

In conclusion, we would like to say that you should not give in to the impulse desire to buy a long-burning solid fuel boiler, calculate all the options, compare operating savings calculations again. Try to clarify the necessary and sufficient power of the heat-generating equipment. Most likely, the issue price will be in the same range.

Perhaps, in total, let’s say with , they will be equally costly from a financial point of view in comparison with a long-burning boiler, but less troublesome to use. Well, if you decide that you can’t do without a long-burning boiler, don’t skimp and buy a device with automatic coal supply, it will greatly improve your life.

Long-burning boilers are a completely unique and completely new design of boiler equipment, the operating principle of which is based on the use of solid fuel for heating. At the same time, for full operation it is necessary to use only solid fuel whose moisture content will not exceed 20 percent. The performance level of such a device is 50, 70, and sometimes even as much as 100 percent!

Principle of operation

Solid fuel for long-burning boilers are firewood, peat briquettes or coal. The supply of oxygen to the combustion chamber with a water circuit is extremely limited, so the smoldering process of the fuel occurs very slowly. The combustion process of the inert gas generated from the fuel resource also slows down.

Thus, traditional combustion is transformed into a fairly slow smoldering. The volume of initial resources is sufficient to obtain generator gas at the output, which has very high thermal conductivity, and then pave the way to the refractory ceramic nozzle to reach the combustion chamber, where the active combustion process, supported by additional air, continues. The moment of ignition begins when air and gas are mixed and is enhanced by the use of a catalyst. At this time, the generator gas itself burns out with soot and heavy compounds.

When fuel is burned within the boiler installation, the combustion becomes very superficial and the release of heavy compounds into the chimney is inevitable, carbon monoxide and other harmful substances that pollute environment. However, from a chemical point of view, These products provide excellent combustion and economy for the boiler owner.

The smoldering process, accompanied by a deficiency of oxygen, preserves the most valuable products inside the long-burning boiler, which contribute to maximum energy output, and non-flammable and practically non-toxic elements enter directly into the chimney, forming absolutely harmless smoke.

Although firewood is the most common and even traditional type of solid fuel, a much more profitable and practical alternative is peat briquettes, the moisture content of which, even if improperly stored, barely reaches 18 percent, and the burning time is 12 hours. Thanks to this, it is enough to replenish the combustion chambers no more than once every two or even three days, while wood burns no longer than 6 hours, as a result of which the intervals between adding new portions of fuel are noticeably reduced.

Design

According to its design this heating device long burning is a standard single-circuit boiler, used exclusively as a heating system based on forced circulation. At the same time, production and supply hot water should be completely excluded from household consumption.

Advantages

Specifications and Precautions

Selecting a boiler according to individual needs

Of course, qualified sales consultants will help you choose a long-burning boiler for several days according to the individual needs of the buyer, but most specialists are interested in selling certain types and models of boilers. That's why it will be It is advisable to prepare for the purchase in advance and at a minimum, when choosing a solid fuel heating boiler, consider the following key factors.

An important point when choosing a boiler is its purpose and intended use, since solid fuel boilers can be used both as a main and additional source for heating.

When using a long-burning boiler as the main functional unit, it is better to find a high-quality model with optimal ratio price indicator and quality. The price is determined mainly by the reliability of the installation and its quality characteristics. The choice of inexpensive devices most often leads to a decrease in efficiency and disruption of the stability of the functioning equipment.

If the boiler installation is planned as an additional source of heating, the choice can be made on quite budget models of the device.

The next criterion is the types of fuel suitable for refueling different models of long-burning boilers. Let’s say in a village, urban settlement, or just in a small town there is a a large number of inexpensive firewood. It would be advisable to give preference to this particular material and, accordingly, to the installation that will support the operating mode on this type of fuel. At the same time, we should not forget that it is coal that has the highest energy output and calorie content. Based on this, You can also choose a universal type of boiler unit, providing simultaneous combustion of wood and coal.

Despite the fact that in the Western market, including the European one, the sales leaders are solid fuel boilers equipped with an automatic fuel supply and control system, in the domestic market they are shunned and there is practically no consumer demand for them. The high cost of equipment frightens the mass buyer, but such high-tech installations have a lot of advantages and are very beneficial in operation, since the investment pays off incredibly quickly, while the boiler will last for many years.

The likelihood of breakdowns and any other inconveniences is very small. Moreover, automatic boilers long burning should be loaded no more than once every 6-7 days, since refilling is enough for almost a week of operation without interruption.

Conclusion

Modern long-burning heating boilers have a high degree of efficiency, convenience and productivity. The latest models of boiler equipment adapted to work on two types of solid fuel simultaneously(for example, on wood products, coal or regular firewood). Due to the compactness of solid fuel boilers, their use in small-sized premises of both residential and commercial types becomes especially convenient. Such boilers have also gained noticeable popularity due to their ease of operation and the absence of any difficult maintenance conditions.

Electric boiler operation may cause a short circuit, which often leads to fires or other emergencies involving material waste and even human casualties. Unlike conventional gas and diesel units, long-burning solid fuel boilers are absolutely safe to operate, since the risk of explosion is reduced to zero. Thus, a device running on solid fuel is not only economical and productive, but also a guarantee of safety.

Warmth in the house and saving on fuel used are two indicators that owners of private houses want to achieve when it comes to the heating system. And if the heating unit in the house runs on wood or coal, then the ideal option for this is the so-called long-burning solid fuel boilers. The name already speaks for itself.

Everyone knows that conventional wood heating boilers have many advantages. But they also have disadvantages. And one of them is the rapid combustion of solid fuel in the firebox. That is, the owner of a private house has to periodically store firewood or coal, before cleaning out the ash pit. The frequency depends on the type of fuel used. For example, coal burns three times longer than wood. But it is not mined in all regions, so most often you have to deal with wood-burning boilers.

Principle of operation

The operating principle of long-burning boilers is based on the pyrolysis process. This is the decomposition of any substance under the influence of temperature with a minimum supply of oxygen. In fact, the same wood or coal in the combustion chamber does not burn, but smolders. In this case, the so-called pyrolysis gas is released, which burns in an additional furnace, where a certain volume of oxygen is supplied.

At the beginning of operation, oxygen is intensively supplied to the first combustion chamber, where fuel is added. It is necessary to warm up the entire system well. After which the feed is reduced to a minimum, and the pyrolysis process begins to operate in the first furnace.

Any long-burning boiler consists of two chambers. In the first, firewood is smoldered, in the second, pyrolysis gas is burned. In this case, both fireboxes emit thermal energy, so the coefficient useful action of this type of equipment averages 85%.

This indicator can be adjusted in the range of 50-105% depending on the operating mode settings of the device. Or more precisely, from the adjustment of the air (oxygen) supply to both combustion chambers.

Note that conventional solid fuel boilers and stoves operate with an efficiency of no more than 70%.

Configuration and internal design

The design of long-burning units may vary in purely structural design. They can be rectangular or round, the fireboxes can be located one above the other or next to each other in a horizontal plane.

The ignition zone can be located on top of the fuel filling or below, oxygen is supplied from the side or jet from below through a special pipe device with holes.

Types of units

As with any heating equipment, the choice of device is always based on the power of the unit. And in this regard, there is considerable diversity.

A popular representative of long-burning boilers is the Stropuva model. Him original design in the form of a vertical pipe, inside of which a press in the form of a metal pancake is installed. A pipe is connected to it, through which Fresh air(oxygen). This is the so-called telescopic system. The press is installed on the fuel deposit.

There is a gap between the walls of the boiler body and the press (pancake), through which the pyrolysis gas enters the second part of the furnace body. This is where its combustion occurs. The gradual smoldering of the fuel lowers the press lower and lower, while the gap between the firewood and the press remains the same. Long burning boiler

“Stropuva” can work for a very long time with one load: on wood for up to 70 hours, on coal for up to seven days.

The structure of this model is almost the same as that described above. This design was developed by Russian craftsmen, slightly simplifying and improving it. Distinctive feature– this is the combustion zone, which is located in the lower layer of fuel. Ignition is carried out from the side of the ash pan, for which a small fire is lit on its lower surface or a container with liquid fuel is installed.

The two models have one very serious drawback - the difficulty of choosing the correct cross-section of the chimney and installing it correctly. Without knowing the laws of heating engineering, it will be difficult to independently select the pipe cross-section. Lack of draft or its excess is harmful to the correct operation of the heating device.

Therefore, my advice is that if there is any doubt that the cross-section of the chimney is chosen incorrectly, it is necessary to install a damper on it. Within several hours of operation, it is necessary to set it so that the traction is optimal. True, there is a better way - installing a bimetallic traction control. This is an automatic valve that operates without electricity.

And second. The first part of the chimney pipe from the boiler must be horizontal (minimum 3 m), a slight slope is possible, but not very strong. Then you can lift it vertically.

Gas generators

Modern long-burning solid fuel boilers are units operating on the principle of pyrolysis, with additional functions. These are actually wood burning stoves made of metal. They work on coal, wood, pellets and others solid types fuel.

Manufacturers today offer heating boilers with automated filling. True, in this case you can use pellets or fine coal. A container and a screw are added to the design of the unit. This complicates it, makes it more voluminous, increases the weight and price of the equipment, but at the same time the process of supplying fuel to the combustion chamber is simplified to a minimum. For example, pellets are poured into a container, and from there they are fed into the firebox by an auger.

It should be noted that although gas generators belong to the category of long-burning furnaces, they cannot boast of the same burning time as that of the Stropuv. The maximum period of fuel combustion in them is 10 hours. After which, if there is no automated bookmark, you will have to do everything manually, not forgetting to clean the ash pan from soot and ash.

Advantages of long-burning boilers

First of all, it is necessary to indicate two main criteria that formed the basis for the high popularity of these heating units:

Reducing human presence during operation and maintenance.
Increased work efficiency.

It is the second criterion that determines the economic side. That is, a wood heating unit consumes a minimum of fuel, while releasing a large amount of thermal energy.

Another advantage is the fact that a long-burning boiler that runs on wood and coal practically does not emit carbon oxides into the atmosphere, which pollute the environment. The thing is that the fuel burns almost completely. Pyrolysis gas (also known as carbon dioxide) burns with all fuel particles. An insignificant amount of harmful substances is released into the atmosphere.

Plus, almost 100% of the thermal energy remains inside the unit. A small amount comes out through the chimney. In addition, the temperature of the exhaust gases does not exceed +50 °C.

Long-burning units and water heating

All of the above models are ordinary stoves that radiate heat from their body, thereby heating one or two rooms ( small house). In this category there are models that are also used for water heating. In this case, the design of the unit itself becomes more complicated, but not much.

Design Features

To heat the coolant, a water jacket is installed in almost all models for a water heating system. For example, the Stropuva boiler. Its body consists of two cylinders, between which the coolant moves.

In a group of gas generators, a water jacket is installed around the combustion chamber. There are models in which a heat exchanger is mounted in the form of an additional tank at the back or side of the firebox.

All boilers of this type that work for the heating system of the house are provided with good thermal insulation. This is another plus for heat conservation and energy saving.

Model differences

Some design differences have already been written above. But there are other features. Long-burning solid fuel boilers can be single- or double-circuit. They are made of steel or cast iron.

The supply of oxygen to the combustion chamber can be natural or forced (using an installed fan). With automatic setting temperature conditions or completely without automation. That is, the choice is so huge that today every consumer can easily select the necessary model to suit his needs and requirements.

For owners of private houses, the heating problem is especially acute. It is impossible to do without it, so owners strive to choose the most convenient system that meets the principles of economy and practicality.

Solving the problem of heating a private house

Many years of experience show that it is optimal to organize in-house water heating, functioning due to the circulation of coolant through an extensive system of pipes and radiators. Therefore, the key issue is the choice of heating boiler. Traditionally, owners prefer to install gas boilers, however, this is not an available source of heat in all regions. Heating a room using electricity is an expensive pleasure, and if you add the possibility of interruptions in its supply, the solution looks extremely irrational. The way out of this situation would be to purchase a long-burning boiler.

Based on physico-chemical properties heat source, the specific design of the long-burning boiler allows you to load firewood with a minimum interval of 12 hours. Some models operate without additional fuel for several days. While maintaining the ability to use the most available types fuels - wood and coal; there are long-burning boilers that run on pellets, peat, “eurowood” or liquid fuel. Therefore, everyone can choose a boiler model that allows them to efficiently process available fuel into thermal energy for their home.

Operating principle of long-burning equipment

The operation of a conventional furnace is based on maintaining the combustion process with a flow of air containing oxygen coming from outside. Combustion products in this design evaporate into the chimney system. Its rotations slightly contribute to increasing heat transfer and increasing Furnace efficiency, but do not affect the growth of energy output from a specific fuel source. Long-burning boilers, the operating principle of which is based on the properties of wood to re-emit gaseous fuel during combustion, which in a conventional furnace evaporates into the atmosphere, were able to correct the existing situation. The reaction of thermal decomposition of wood is called pyrolysis, and the flammable substance released is nothing more than pyrolysis gas. Therefore, the design of a long-burning boiler provides a technology in which the open fire process is reduced to a minimum. In this case, the release of pyrolysis gas reaches its maximum level, and it is this gas that is the main source of heat transfer.

Types of designs

Depending on the internal arrangement, long-burning boilers can be divided into the following types:

horizontal solid fuel boilers;
pyrolysis structures;
units in the form of a vertically located cylinder;

Wood-burning models have gained the most popularity. In terms of ease of use, pyrolysis structures take the lead, which explains the high cost of the equipment. When choosing a boiler instance where the output the heat is coming Due to the use of pressed briquettes (pellets), be prepared for the high cost of fuel.

Horizontal solid fuel boilers

The name of solid fuel equipment itself speaks about the possible sources of operation of long-burning boilers. It could be:

coal;
peat;
coke.

A pleasant moment when starting operation will be the absence of the need to obtain permits from regulatory agencies. The power of such boilers varies between 12-45 kW, this is enough to heat a private house up to 120 m2.

Note! The equipment of a steam heating system, subject to the installation of a pump, will provide heating of a space of up to 300 m2.

The design features of the boiler are as follows:

built-in fan provides air injection;
the automation unit is responsible for regulating air flows;
in most boiler models, the loading and pre-combustion chamber is located on top;
after the fuel is ignited, air enters it in minimal quantities;
the main heat exchange is carried out by pyrolysis gases due to the operation of the circulation pump.

Some manufacturers produce long-burning boilers with an afterburner located at the rear of the structure. This ensures high equipment efficiency of 90-93%. At the exit to the chimney, the gases have a temperature of only 70-100 o C.

Among the disadvantages of long-burning boilers with this arrangement are:

The need to regularly add fuel. Therefore, a long absence from home is a good reason to abandon such a model. The market offers fully automated boilers, but then other difficulties arise.
Electronic regulation of the operating processes of a long-burning boiler is associated with complete dependence on electricity. Its absence leads to a complete stop of the heating process; frequent voltage drops will cause incorrect operation of the automatic operation of a long-burning boiler.

However, the popularity of boilers of this design is obvious due to the low cost of fuel. For a house with an area of 60 m, 2 tons of peat is enough for two or three winters, and its cost is acceptable even for low-income boiler owners.

Pyrolysis structures

Pyrolysis boilers are characterized by greater efficiency than solid fuel boilers, although they use similar fuel in their work - peat, coal and other materials. The reason for the high performance lies in the special interior design boiler:

Adjustable air circulation is carried out based on natural draft.
The spacious loading chamber is located below.
The ash pit, following the principle of a classic furnace, is installed below the combustion chamber of the boiler.
After loading and igniting the fuel, the damper is left fully open to start the pyrolysis process.
The beginning of the release of pyrolysis gases serves as a signal to close the damper and limit the supply of oxygen to the combustion zone. After this, the fuel in the chamber is in smoldering mode, and in the upper part of the boiler the heated air is combined with pyrolysis gas, resulting in effective afterburning.

A significant advantage of the design of long-burning boilers due to the use of pyrolysis gases is complete independence from the availability of electricity. Installing a heating boiler without prior approval from regulatory organizations is another significant plus in the treasury of advantages. Among the disadvantages are lower power (enough to heat an area of 75 m2) and the inability to heat a room without radiators or convectors.

Note! The most effective are long-burning pyrolysis devices that run on solid fuel. Similar boilers using liquid fuel are characterized by a low level of pyrolysis gas emissions.

Vertical units

An interesting type of long-burning boilers are vertical units produced by the Stropuva trademark. They also require solid fuel to function, and high efficiency is achieved through the process of afterburning pyrolysis gas, but internal organization differs significantly from the models described above. The key point is the combustion of fuel in the opposite direction - from top to bottom, while it does not all smolder at the same time, but only a small top layer. To operate such a long-burning boiler, a variety of materials are used:

wood chips;
sawdust;
firewood;
coal;
pressed briquettes and other fuels.

Important ! Depending on the chosen model, the operation of a long-burning boiler using wood without adding fuel can last for three days, and when loading coal, the period increases to a week.

The design features that ensure such convenient operation are as follows:

Fuel material is loaded into the combustion chamber through a window located just above the middle of the long-burning boiler.
Surface ignition is achieved using special furnace fluids that have flammable properties.
The onset of combustion is accompanied by the lowering of an air distributor onto the fuel mass to dose oxygen into the upper layer. Special channels ensure uniform distribution of air masses over the entire area.
Preheating of the air to form an effective pyrolysis process in a long-burning boiler occurs in the upper part of the heating unit.
After the completion of afterburning of pyrolysis gases, the residual combustion elements exit through the chimney.
Heat exchange with heating system is carried out due to the “water” jacket, which encloses a long-burning boiler.
An inspection window is provided for regular cleaning of ash deposits.

The effectiveness of such a design formed the basis of numerous independent projects for the production of long-burning boilers.

Final results

Innovative technologies, through the introduction of a long-term combustion process, have given solid fuel heating boilers a chance to get a second life. The general advantages of heating units are as follows:

High efficiency, in some models it reaches 95%. The efficiency of boilers successfully competes with gas analogues.
Environmental safety: carbon dioxide and water vapor released into the atmosphere during operation of a long-burning boiler are easily absorbed by plants.
Independence from the presence of gas mains, availability of fuel resources.
No need to obtain permits.
Some models of long-burning boilers have a second circuit that provides hot water supply. If desired, the heating unit can be equipped with an indirect heating boiler.
Long-burning boilers do not require special skills during operation and are designed for a long service life.

The advantages of operating long-burning boilers are accompanied by certain difficulties:

the need to periodically load fuel;
Preventive actions to clean the unit from accumulated ash are mandatory for all long-burning boilers;
installation solid fuel boiler accompanied by equipment separate room equipped with a chimney and high-quality ventilation;

Attention ! Where fuel is stored, air humidity should be monitored; exceeding 20% of the threshold is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the efficiency of a long-burning boiler.

Compliance established requirements boiler operation will allow you to heat your home for a long period of time with low costs for purchasing fuel raw materials and, if desired, obtain hot water.

Long-burning wood-burning boilers are used today for heating private homes and represent improved solutions to previously used wood stoves. In some cases, they represent an excellent alternative to electric and gas heating boilers. However, if you still don’t know whether it’s worth acquiring such equipment, you should take a closer look at it. distinctive features, pros and cons, which will be discussed below.

In addition, there are a huge variety of boilers on sale that could save on heating costs. While others, on the contrary, can cause gaps in family budget, which is why you should take seriously the choice of boiler model for heating. For example, a number of models require adding fuel every 4 hours, while others do not require replenishing firewood during the week.

The main advantages of wood boilers

Long-burning wood-burning boilers have many positive features; they can be used for heating buildings that are located away from gas mains. If we consider such equipment more carefully, we can highlight some advantages, among them:

low cost;
independence from electricity;
simple installation diagram;
environmental friendliness.

Low cost, however, is characteristic only of those boilers that are standard units and are not equipped with any ultra-modern functions. These devices are completely independent of electricity. There may be no light supplied to the house, while the equipment will properly cope with its tasks. Long-burning wood-burning boilers are also chosen by consumers for the reason that they are easy to install. They are easy to maintain and repair, which allows for additional savings during operation.

Why else is it worth choosing a solid fuel boiler?

It is also important to pay attention to environmental friendliness, because wood is used as fuel, which is natural material. Combustion is not accompanied by the release of toxic compounds into the external environment that could harm the human body. The only danger is the carbon dioxide produced when wood burns. However, it can only be poisoned if the user ignores the manufacturer’s recommendations for following safety rules.

This indicates that boiler equipment should be operated with the utmost care. If you are interested in long-burning wood-burning boilers, then you should pay attention to another advantage, which is expressed in the possibility of using various combustible materials such as solid household waste as fuel.

Main disadvantages

When consumers consider the equipment described in the article, they note that it also has certain disadvantages, which are expressed in:

impressive mass;
the need to control work;
uneven heating of the coolant;
the need to prepare firewood;
fairly high fuel consumption.

A number of consumers refuse to purchase such installations for the reason that, made of cast iron and steel, they are characterized by a rather impressive weight. In addition, their work requires control. The boiler should not be left unattended for long periods of time. Every 4 hours you will need to add firewood.

Some consumers are also put off by the uneven heating of the coolant, as well as the impressive fuel consumption, which sometimes does not allow achieving the desired effect, because wood emits a rather small amount of thermal energy during combustion. And the preparation of firewood is a rather lengthy and labor-intensive process.

For reference

But if the house has a small area, then storage becomes a real problem, because fuel needs to be stored somewhere, and sometimes a special room needs to be allocated for this. In order to keep the firewood dry all the time, it must be stored under a special shed or in the house, where it takes up quite a lot of space.

Description of pyrolysis boilers

Perhaps you may be interested in a long-burning wood-burning pyrolysis boiler. This equipment belongs to the family of solid fuel boilers, but has one difference, which is that combustible components are removed from the fuel at the first stage. Combustion is carried out in two stages, first, gas is extracted under high temperature conditions, while conditions are characterized by low oxygen content. At the second stage, a mixture of air and heated gases is burned.

Such a long-burning solid fuel boiler using wood has metal case, inside of which there are two chambers, one of them is the combustion chamber, while the other is the loading chamber. To protect against high temperatures, the walls of the chambers are lined with fireclay bricks or other material that is heat resistant. It can be made on a concrete basis.

The main advantages of pyrolysis boilers

If you still don’t know whether it’s worth becoming the owner of a pyrolysis boiler, then you should consider its main pros and cons, among the first to highlight:

burning duration;
almost complete combustion of fuel;
possibility of using large firewood for work.

If we consider these advantages in more detail, we can note that the described boilers are capable of operating on one batch of fuel for approximately 12 hours. If you use coal, then under certain conditions this period becomes even longer. A long-burning wood-burning boiler is capable of completely burning fuel, which means that the equipment uses most of the energy potential of wood. This minimizes waste and eliminates the need for frequent cleaning. And the labor intensity of work when loading fuel will be reduced, because most of the options for the equipment described allow us to limit ourselves to loading uncleaved fuel.

The main disadvantages of pyrolysis boilers

In order to do right choice, you should also pay attention to the factors that sometimes stop consumers from buying pyrolysis boilers. These installations are much more expensive than their traditional solid fuel counterparts. If you familiarize yourself with the assortment of the market, you can understand that sometimes the difference in cost reaches a limit of 50 to 100%. In addition, long-burning wood-burning boilers for home use forced air injection systems. This suggests that the devices are volatile.

The units waste electricity, interruptions of which can lead to big problems. As practice shows, the efficiency of such devices largely depends on the condition of the firewood. If they are wet, the boiler may simply not start. Manufacturers even give recommendations on this parameter. The moisture content of firewood should not exceed 25%, which can sometimes be very difficult to achieve.

Making your own boiler

If, after familiarizing yourself with all the pros and cons of long-burning boilers, you decide to make one of these models yourself, then you should become more familiar with the technology of the work. The equipment can be made of a thick-walled pipe with a diameter of 300 mm, or 4 mm sheet steel. As optimal option a 6 mm sheet will come out. To carry out the work, you will also need a cylindrical container of the required size.

The simplest design is the one made from a barrel or gas cylinder. In order to ensure directional combustion of firewood, a vertical firebox is used. Primary air will be supplied through a vertical pipe to the combustion mirror. A telescopic or static structure will need to be installed in the upper wall of the boiler. A rod will pass through the center of the cylindrical firebox. A gap must be made between the supply pipe and the collar, which is formed by welding the side; it will ensure the stroke of the rod and guarantee minimal air leakage into the chamber for afterburning wood gases.

If you decide to make a long-burning wood-burning boiler with your own hands, it should include a damper lid that will be located at the top of the pipe. With its help you can regulate the air intake. The disk with blades should be strengthened from below. The blades will cut the air flow in the combustion area. Taking into account the heat capacity, it will be possible to select the material for distribution. The diameter of the disk should be smaller compared to the size of the firebox.

Dimensions of a homemade boiler

Homemade long-burning wood-burning boilers should have the following dimensions:

boiler height ranging from 3 to 5 diameters;
the optimal case size is from 300 to 800 mm;
wall thickness - 4 to 6 mm.

It is also important to take into account the thickness of the disk; this parameter will be inversely proportional to the diameter. The disk diameter will be smaller cross section cameras by 10%. To burn pyrolysis gases, a turbulent flow will be used, which is formed by curved blades. If you are interested in long-burning wood-fired boilers for your home, then you can make one of these models yourself.

When carrying out work, it is important to take into account that a pipe will be responsible for the air supply, the diameter of which will be a coefficient of 0.55 of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust pipe of the chimney. A gap should be left between the collar and the pipe, which should not be more than 2.5 mm. A pipe will be used for air intake, the height of which rises above the collar by 150 mm.

Independent addition of the boiler with a water jacket

A long-burning wood-burning boiler with a water circuit will be even more effective way heating. To connect to the water pipes of the equipment, it is necessary to install shut-off ball valves. A cleaning filter must be installed on the pipe through which the cooled water will return. This will protect the heat exchanger from contamination. The same filter is installed on the supply pipe cold water. Shut-off ball valves will be located on both sides of the filters. This will make them easier to clean.

Long-burning wood heating boilers must be installed together with chemical water mixers, which are located in the piping. This will reduce the hardness of the coolant and eliminate the formation of scale in the heat exchanger.

Advantages of a pellet boiler

Long-burning wood-burning boilers (24 hours is not the maximum time without adding fuel) are equipment that allows you to avoid loading resources for a long time. An example is a pellet boiler, which sometimes has a design that allows you to load fuel once every few weeks.

The devices require a container on the side where the pellets are placed. The volume of this tank allows for long-term operation of the boiler without human intervention. The volume of the compartment may vary. Using a special mechanism, fuel is supplied from the bunker to the boiler, which also uses electrical energy during operation.

Selected pellet boilers consumers most often due to their high efficiency, which reaches 95%. In addition, this equipment ensures almost complete combustion of fuel, as is the case with the boilers described above. This indicates that cleaning can be done once a month.

Disadvantages of pellet boilers

Pellet boilers sometimes lose out to other types of heating equipment, because they have a high cost and also depend on electric current. This equipment uses exclusively low-ash and whole pellets, which can sometimes be quite difficult to find on sale.

Conclusion

Solid fuel boilers act as great way providing the house with autonomous heating. With the help of such installations you can save a lot on energy resources. Some craftsmen are so confident that solid fuel boilers are the best among other types of heating equipment that they even try to make such equipment themselves, because if you buy it in a store, it can be quite expensive.