Plan for parsing a complex sentence. The order of parsing a simple sentence

To use punctuation marks correctly, you need to have a clear understanding of the sentence structure. It is intended to help realize it parsing, that is, analysis of the proposal by members. Our article is devoted to the syntactic parsing of sentences.

Syntax units

Syntax studies the connections between words within phrases or sentences. Thus, the units of syntax are phrases and sentences - simple or complex. In this article we will talk about how to do a syntactic analysis of a sentence, not a phrase, although they are often asked to do this at school.

Why is sentence parsing needed?

Syntactic analysis of a sentence involves a detailed examination of its structure. This is absolutely necessary in order to put punctuation marks correctly. In addition, it helps to understand the connection of words within a phrase. During syntactic analysis, as a rule, the characteristics of the sentence are given, all members of the sentence are determined and it is replaced by what parts of speech they are expressed. This is the so-called full parsing. But sometimes this term is used to refer to a short, partial, syntactic analysis, during which the student only emphasizes the parts of the sentence.

Members of the sentence

Among the members of a sentence, the main ones are always identified first: subject and predicate. They usually form the grammatical basis. If a sentence has one grammatical stem, it simple, more than one - complex.

The grammatical basis can consist of two main members, or include only one of them: either only the subject, or only the predicate. In the second case we say that the sentence one-piece. If both main members are present - two-part.

If, apart from the grammatical basis, there are no words in a sentence, it is called undistributed. IN widespread the sentence also has minor members: addition, definition, circumstance; a special case of definition is application.

if a sentence contains words that are not members of the sentence (for example, appeal), it is still considered uncommon.

When performing analysis, it is necessary to name the part of speech by which one or another member of the sentence is expressed. The children practice this skill while studying Russian in the 5th grade.

Offer characteristics

To characterize a proposal, you need to indicate it, you need to describe it

• according to the purpose of the statement;
• by intonation;
• by the number of grammatical bases and so on.

Below we offer an outline of the proposal's characteristics.

According to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative, motivating.

By intonation: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.

Exclamatory sentences can be any type of sentence, not just incentive ones.

By the number of grammatical bases: simple or complex.

By the number of main members in the grammatical basis: one-piece or two-piece.

If the sentence is one-part, it is necessary determine its type: nominative, definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal.

By the presence of minor members: widespread or not widespread.

If the proposal is complicated in some way, then this must also be indicated. This is a plan for parsing a sentence; It's better to stick to it.

Complicated sentence

The sentence may be complicated by inversion, introductory and insertive constructions, homogeneous members, isolated members, direct speech. If any of these types of complications is present, then you must indicate that the sentence is complicated and write with what.

For example, the sentence “Guys, let’s live together!” complicated by the address “guys”.

If the sentence is complex

If you need to parse complex sentence, you must first indicate that it is complex and determine its type: union or non-union, and if union, then also complex or complex. Then characterize each of the parts in terms of the composition of the grammatical basis (two-part or one-part, type of one-part) and the presence/absence of minor members.

The table shows the minor members and their questions.

Minor members can be expressed in different parts speech, for example the definition:

wool skirt- adjective;

wool skirt- noun;

ironed skirt- participle;

habit of winning- infinitive...

Example of parsing a sentence

Let's look at the proposal “I didn’t know that you, Masha, moved from the village to the city”.

We emphasize grammar basics. There are two of them: knew and You moved. Let's define parts of speech: knew- predicate, expressed by a verb in personal form, etc.

Now we emphasize minor members:

Moved from where? from the village - a circumstance expressed by a noun; Where? to the city - also a circumstance, also expressed by a noun. Masha- this is an appeal, it is not a member of the sentence.

Now let's give characteristics. The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, complex.

The first part “didn’t know” is incomplete and undistributed.

The second part is two-part, widespread. Complicated handling.

At the end of the analysis, you need to draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.

What have we learned?

Parsing is designed to help you understand the structure of a sentence, so you need to indicate everything that can be associated with it. It is better to carry out the analysis according to plan, then there is a greater chance that you will not forget anything. It is necessary not only to emphasize the members of the sentence, but also to identify the parts of speech and characterize the sentence.

Test on the topic

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Words and phrases are the components of every sentence in writing and in oral speech. To construct it, you must clearly understand what the connection should be between them in order to construct a grammatically correct statement. That is why one of the important and difficult topics V school curriculum Russian language is the syntactic analysis of sentences. With this analysis, a complete analysis of all components of the statement is carried out and the connection between them is established. In addition, determining the structure of a sentence allows you to correctly place punctuation marks in it, which is quite important for every literate person. As a rule, this topic begins with the analysis of simple phrases, and after that children are taught to parse sentences.

Rules for parsing phrases

Analyzing a specific phrase taken from context is relatively simple in the Russian syntax section. In order to produce it, they determine which of the words is the main word and which is the dependent one, and determine which part of speech each of them belongs to. Next, it is necessary to determine the syntactic relationship between these words. There are three of them in total:

• Agreement is a kind of subordinating relationship in which the gender, number and case for all elements of the phrase are determined by the main word. For example: a moving train, a flying comet, a shining sun.
• Control is also one of the types of subordinating connections; it can be strong (when the case connection of words is necessary) and weak (when the case of the dependent word is not predetermined). For example: watering flowers - watering from a watering can; liberation of the city - liberation by the army.
• Adjacency is also subordinating form connection, however, it applies only to words that are unchangeable and not inflected by case. Such words express dependence only by meaning. For example: riding a horse, unusually sad, very scary.

An example of syntactic parsing of phrases

The syntactic analysis of the phrase should look something like this: “speaks beautifully”; the main word is “speaks”, the dependent word is “beautiful”. This connection is determined through the question: speaks (how?) beautifully. The word “says” is used in the present tense in the singular and third person. The word “beautifully” is an adverb, and therefore this phrase expresses a syntactic connection - adjacency.

Parsing diagram for a simple sentence

Parsing a sentence is a bit like parsing a phrase. It consists of several stages that will allow you to study the structure and relationship of all its components:

1. First of all, the purpose of uttering a single sentence is determined; they are all divided into three types: narrative, interrogative and exclamatory, or incentive. Each of them has its own sign. Yes, at the end declarative sentence, telling about an event, there is a dot; after the question, naturally, there is a question mark, and at the end of the incentive - an exclamation mark.
2. Next, you should highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence - subject and predicate.
3. The next stage is a description of the structure of the sentence. It can be one-part with one of the main members or two-part with a complete grammatical basis. In the first case, you additionally need to indicate what kind of sentence the nature of the grammatical basis is: verbal or denominative. And then determine whether there are secondary members in the structure of the statement, and indicate whether it is common or not. At this stage you should also indicate whether the sentence is complicated. Complications include homogeneous members, addresses, phrases and introductory words.
4. Further, the syntactic analysis of the sentence involves the analysis of all words according to their belonging to parts of speech, gender, number and case.
5. The final stage is an explanation of the punctuation marks in the sentence.

Example of parsing a simple sentence

Theory is theory, but without practice you cannot consolidate a single topic. That is why the school curriculum spends a lot of time on syntactic analysis of phrases and sentences. And for training you can take the simplest sentences. For example: “The girl was lying on the beach and listening to the surf.”

1. The sentence is declarative and non-exclamatory.
2. The main parts of the sentence: girl - subject, lay, listened - predicates.
3. This proposal is two-part, complete and widespread. Homogeneous predicates act as complications.
4. Parsing all the words of the sentence:

• “girl” - acts as the subject and is a noun female in the singular and nominative case;
• “lay” - in a sentence it is a predicate, refers to verbs, has a feminine gender, singular and past tense;
• “na” is a preposition, used to connect words;
• “beach” - answers the question “where?” and is a circumstance expressed in a sentence by a masculine noun in the prepositional case and singular;
• “and” is a conjunction used to connect words;
• “listened” is the second predicate, a feminine verb in the past tense and singular;
• “surf” - in a sentence it is an addition, refers to a noun, has masculine, singular and used in the accusative case.

Identification of sentence parts in writing

When parsing phrases and sentences, conditional underscores are used to indicate that words belong to one or another member of the sentence. So, for example, the subject is underlined with one line, the predicate with two, the definition is indicated with a wavy line, the complement with a dotted line, the circumstance with a dotted line. In order to correctly determine which member of the sentence is in front of us, we should pose a question to it from one of the parts of the grammatical basis. For example, the definition answers the questions of the adjective, the complement is determined by the questions of indirect cases, the circumstance indicates the place, time and reason and answers the questions: “where?” "where?" and why?"

Parsing a complex sentence

The procedure for parsing a complex sentence is slightly different from the above examples, and therefore should not cause any particular difficulties. However, everything must be in order, and therefore the teacher complicates the task only after the children have learned to parse simple sentences. To carry out the analysis, a complex statement is proposed that has several grammatical bases. And here you should adhere to the following scheme:

1. First, the purpose of the statement and the emotional coloring are determined.
2. Next, the grammatical bases in the sentence are highlighted.
3. The next step is to define the connection, which can be done with or without a conjunction.
4. Next, you should indicate by what connection the two grammatical bases in the sentence are connected. These can be intonation, as well as coordinating or subordinating conjunctions. And immediately conclude what the sentence is: complex, complex or non-union.
5. The next stage of parsing is the syntactic analysis of the sentence into its parts. It is produced according to the scheme for a simple sentence.
6. At the end of the analysis, you should construct a diagram of the sentence, on which the connection of all its parts will be visible.

Connecting parts of a complex sentence

As a rule, to connect parts in complex sentences, conjunctions and allied words are used, which must be preceded by a comma. Such proposals are called allied. They are divided into two types:

• Compound sentences joined by conjunctions a, and, or, then, but. As a rule, both parts in such a statement are equal. For example: “The sun was shining, but the clouds were floating.”
• Complex sentences that use the following conjunctions and allied words: so that, how, if, where, whither, since, although and others. In such sentences, one part always depends on the other. For example: "The sun's rays will fill the room as soon as the cloud passes."

Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamation, non-exclamation).

3. Identify simple sentences within complex ones and determine their bases.

4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).

5. Highlight the minor members in each part of a complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or not common.

6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or appeals.

Proposition 1 (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Sentence 1

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical stems), conjunctive (connected by the conjunction And), both the first and second parts are not widespread (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1

Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Sentence 2

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive. The first part is common (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2

Parse the sentence (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Offer

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.

Rice. 6. Analysis of the proposal

Bibliography

1. Russian language. 5th grade. In 3 parts Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.

2. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Education, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 pp.; Part 2 - 176 p.

3. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook / Ed. Razumovskoy M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.

4. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M.: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.

1. Festival website pedagogical ideas"Public lesson" ()

Homework

1. What is the procedure for parsing a complex sentence?

2. What are complex sentences for the means of communication between parts?

3. Underline the grammatical basics in the sentence:

The hasty dawn was approaching, the heights of heaven brightened.

§1. What is syntactic parsing, what are its specifics?

Parsing- this is a complete grammatical characteristic of a syntactic unit:

• phrases
• simple sentence
• complex sentence

When performing syntactic analysis, it is important to be able to distinguish between units of syntax, to realize that these are units of different levels, and to understand what features characterize each of them. Syntactic analysis requires not to confuse a phrase and a simple sentence, as well as a simple and complex sentence, and to know how to parse each of them.

§2. What you need to know and be able to do

Parsing requires knowledge and skills.

Need to know:

• what is the difference between a phrase and a sentence
• what is the difference between a simple and complex sentence
• how a phrase is constructed, and what they are like (type by main word)
• syntactic connections of words in a phrase: agreement, control, adjacency
• what features characterize a sentence: the purpose of the utterance, semantic and intonation completeness, the presence of a grammatical basis
• what are the sentences based on the number of grammatical bases: simple, complex
• What are the types of simple sentences in their structure: two-part, one-part (nominal, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal)
• what are complex sentences: by nature syntactic connection their parts: allied, non-union; allied: complex and complex)
• what is syntactic role words in a sentence (parsing by sentence members)

You need to be able to:

• determine which syntactic units the unit given for analysis belongs to
• highlight phrases in a sentence
• find the main and dependent word in a phrase
• determine the type of syntactic connection
• determine the grammatical basis of a sentence
• determine the type of sentence by its grammatical basis (two-part - one-part) and by the nature of the main member (for one-part sentences)
• define sentence members
• identify complicating components: homogeneous members, isolations, introductory elements (introductory words and sentences, inserted structures), addresses, direct speech and citation
• determine the number of parts in a complex sentence
• determine the type of syntactic connection and the type of complex sentence

§3. The order of parsing syntactic units

Collocation

1. Determine the main and dependent words, highlight the main thing, and from it raise a question to the dependent one.
2. Determine the type of phrase based on the main word: noun, verb, adverb.
3. Determine the type of syntactic connection: coordination, control, adjacency.

Simple sentence

1. Perform an analysis of the members of the sentence: underline all the members of the sentence, determine by what (word, what part of speech) they are expressed.
2. Give a description of the purpose of the statement:

• narrative
• interrogative
• incentive

3. Describe the emotions and intonation expressed:

• non-exclamatory
• exclamation point

4. Determine the number of grammatical bases and determine the type of sentence by their number:

• simple
• complex

5. Describe the presence of main members:

• two-part
• one-piece

a) one-part with the main member subject: nominative
b) one-part with the main member predicate: definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal

6. Describe the presence of minor members:

• common
• not widespread

7. Characterize it in terms of completeness (the presence of sentence members necessary in meaning):

• complete
• incomplete

8. Determine the presence of complicating components:

• uncomplicated
• complicated:

a) homogeneous members of the sentence
b) separate members: definition (agreed - uncoordinated), addition, circumstance
V) introductory words, introductory sentences and plug-in constructions
d) appeal
e) constructions with direct speech or quotation

Note:

When expressing distinctions by participles and participial phrases, and comparative designs, characterize how exactly the isolation is expressed

Difficult sentence

1. As in a simple sentence, identify the members of the sentence.
2. As in a simple sentence, characterize the purpose of the statement:

• narrative
• interrogative
• incentive

3. As in a simple sentence, describe the emotions and intonation expressed:

• non-exclamatory
• exclamation point

4. Based on the number of grammatical stems (more than one), determine that the sentence is complex.
5. Determine the type of syntactic connection between the parts of a complex sentence:

• with union connection
• with non-union connection
• with a combination of union and non-union connections

6. Determine the type of complex sentence and means of communication:

• compound (: connecting, dividing, adversative, connecting, explanatory or gradational)
• complex (: temporary, causal, conditional, target, consequence, concessional, comparative and explanatory, as well as allied words)
• non-union (connection in meaning, expressed intonation)

7. Determine the type of complex sentence (for example: a complex sentence with an explanatory clause).
8. Next, each part of a complex sentence is characterized (according to the scheme of a simple sentence - see the scheme for parsing a simple sentence, paragraphs 5-8)
9. Create a diagram of a complex sentence that reflects

Tasks related to syntactic analysis of text cause difficulties for schoolchildren and students of the philology department. A competently carried out syntactic analysis of a sentence requires quite extensive knowledge in the field of the Russian language. But, having basic concepts, you can successfully cope with the tasks.

What is sentence parsing

Parsing is the analysis of a sentence according to the following criteria:

1. Type according to the purpose of the statement.
2. Kind of emotional coloring.
3. The number of stems (hereinafter simple and complex sentences are parsed according to a certain order).
4. Characteristics of the members of the sentence.
5. Constructions that complicate the sentence (if any).
6. Punctuation analysis.
7. Scheme (if required).

Sentence parsing free online

Finding a program that can correctly perform parsing in full, taking into account all the nuances, is quite difficult. But still there are several services on the network that will help solve the problem.

The Seosin.ru resource is the most popular available. When you enter a sentence in the appropriate window, you can get a syntactic analysis of the text.

If semantic analysis is required for analysis, it is best to use the program of the well-known exchange “Advego”.

Get online solution It is also possible from specialists - philologists and linguists. To do this, you need to go to the appropriate forum (http://gramota.ru/, https://lingvoforum.net/, http://lingvo.zone/). Professionals will definitely help with analysis and give a comprehensive answer to the most difficult question.

Do the parsing yourself

You can comprehend all the intricacies of analysis if you carefully read the information below and practice a little.

I. Purpose of the utterance

Depending on the purpose, proposals are divided into:

1. narrative(they convey information, report something, affirm or deny. At the end of such sentences there is a period or an exclamation mark);
2. interrogative(contain a question, at the end there is (required!) a question mark);
3. incentive(contain an incentive, appeal, request, demand). Characteristic: incentive intonation, use of verbs imperative mood, let the particles, let them, come on.

II. Emotional coloring

The indicator is the presence exclamation mark. There he is - a proposal exclamation point, No - non-exclamatory. Any of the sentences according to the purpose of the statement can become exclamatory.

III. Number of grammar points

Based on the availability of basics, proposals are simple and complex. Simple ones include those in which there is 1 grammatical basis.

Accordingly, a complex sentence must have 2 or more stems.

III. 1. The procedure for parsing a simple sentence

The type of proposal based on the presence of main members should be indicated.

The main members include subjects and predicates.

Subject answers the questions who and what? Can be expressed by almost any part of speech.

Predicate answers the questions what does it do, what is this object, who is it, what is it like, what state is it in? It can also be expressed various parts speech.

Minor members include addition(answers questions about indirect cases), definition(which? whose?) and circumstance(where? when? where? how much? etc.)

III. 1.1 Common and non-common offers

If a sentence contains only main members, it uncirculated. If the sentence has at least one minor member - common.

III. 1.2. One-piece or two-piece

If a sentence has a subject and a predicate, the sentence is two-part. If only one main member is one-piece.

III. 2. Analysis of a complex sentence.

After determining the type of simple or complex sentence, it is necessary to analyze the secondary members, find complicating structures and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Parsing examples

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The sun was already quite high in the clear sky.

• 1 base - simple,
• The basis is the sun (subject) stood (predicate). Secondary members of the sentence: stood (where?) in the sky (adverbial). In the sky (what?) pure (definition). It was (how?) already quite high (circumstance).

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The rain fell along the garden path.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The bottom line is that the rain has passed.
• Secondary members: walked (where or how?) along the path (circumstance). Garden path (what?) (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactical analysis of the sentence: Blueness appeared between the thinning tops.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The base appeared blue.
• Secondary members: appeared (where?) between the tops (circumstance), (which ones?) blue (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: Old handwritten books were worth their weight in gold.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The basis is that books were valued.
• Secondary members: were valued (how?) as worth their weight in gold (circumstance). Books (what?) old handwritten (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactical analysis of the sentence: The summer was dry, there was almost no rain.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 2 basics (the summer was dry and there was no rain), so we analyze a complex sentence,
• Part 1 – undistributed,
• Part 2 – common. The secondary member is a circumstance (how?) almost.
• Non-Union.
• The parts are separated by a comma.