In the East and Southeast (on the border with Asia) border of Europe considered to be the ridge of the Ural Mountains. The extreme points of this part of the world are considered: in the North - Cape Nordkin 71° 08’ north latitude. In the south the extreme point is considered Cape Maroki, which is located at 36° north latitude. In the West, the extreme point is considered to be Cape of Destiny, located 9° 34’ east longitude, and in the east - the eastern part of the foot of the Urals up to about Baydaratskaya Bay, located at 67° 20' east longitude.
Western and northern shores Europe is washed by the North, Baltic Sea and the Bay of Biscay, and the Mediterranean, Marmara and Azov Seas cut deeply into from the south. The seas of the Arctic Ocean - Norwegian, Barents, Kara, White - wash Europe on far north. In the southeast is the closed Caspian Sea-lake, formerly part of the ancient Mediterranean-Black Sea basin.
Europe is a part of the world, most of which is in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Strait of Gibraltar separates it from Africa, the Bosphorus and Dardanelles from Asia, the eastern and south-eastern conventional border runs along the eastern foothills of the Urals and along the main Caucasian ridge.
Europe as a continent is characterized by the following features. Firstly, it is a large single monolith with Asia and therefore the division into Europe is more of a historical than physical-geographical nature. Secondly, it is relatively small in area - about 10.5 million sq. km. (together with European part Russia and Turkey), that is, larger than Canada by only 500 thousand sq. km. Only Australia is smaller than Europe. Thirdly, a significant part of the territory of Europe consists of peninsulas - the Iberian, Apennine, Balkan, Scandinavian. Fourthly, the mainland of Europe is surrounded by fairly large islands (Great Britain, Spitsbergen, Novaya Zemlya, Iceland, Sicily, Sardinia, etc.), which significantly expand its territory. Fifthly, Europe is the only continent that does not occupy the tropical zone, which means that the natural diversity of climatic zones and plant zones is somewhat lower here.
Europe has been and remains an important macro-region in the political, economic and cultural life of the entire planet.
Within Europe there are 43 independent states. In terms of territory size, they are small and quite compact. The largest countries in Europe are France, Spain, Sweden, which occupy an area of 603.7; 552.0; 504.8; 449.9 thousand km2. is a Eurasian power, covering an area of 17.1 million km2. Only twelve countries have an area from 100 to 449 thousand km2. 19 countries have an area from 20 to 100 thousand km2. Smallest area occupied by the so-called dwarf countries of the Vatican, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta.
All European countries, with the exception of the Vatican, are members of the United Nations.
For a long time, Europe of the 20th century. was divided into two parts - Eastern and Western. The first included the former so-called socialist countries (Central-Eastern or Middle, and East Europe), and to the second - capitalist (Western Europe). The events of the late 80s and early 90s radically changed the nature of the modern era. The collapse of the socialist system led to the unification of the German states into single state(1990), the formation of independent independent states on the territory of the former Soviet Union(1991), the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, Czechoslovakia - in 1993 All this should not only be political, but also of great economic importance. Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe, as well as the countries of the Adriatic-Black Sea subregion, are gradually creating a market economy.
The new phase of detente, which began in the late 80s and early 90s of the 20th century, created a completely new situation. The idea of a pan-European home from the Atlantic to the Urals has become an objective reality. Conditions for existence have been created various forms integration into different regions Europe, including Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The first such “swallow” in the conditions new Europe there was an attempt to create an interstate association back in the early 1990s, which the neighboring states of Austria, Hungary, Italy and the former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia called the “Pentagonalia” (now “Octagonal”). This combination of states with different political and socio-economic status showed that neighboring states have many common problems (protection environment, energy use, cooperation in the field of culture, scientific and technical progress). After the collapse of the CMEA, a geopolitical vacuum arose in Central-Eastern Europe. Countries are looking for a way out of it in regional and subregional integration. Thus, in February 1991, the Visegrad subregional association emerged consisting of Poland, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia, which pursued the goal of accelerating the entry of these countries into pan-European integration processes.
Shores of Europe heavily indented by bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands. The largest peninsulas are Scandinavian, Jutland, Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Crimean. They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of Europe.
The area of the European islands exceeds 700 thousand km2. This is Novaya Zemlya, the Franz Josef Land archipelago, Spitsbergen, Iceland, Great Britain, and Ireland. In the Mediterranean Sea there are such large islands as Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia.
In the waters washing the shores of the European landmass, transport routes that lead to Africa and America intersect, and also connect European countries with each other.Europe. In the south-east is the undrained Caspian Sea - lake.
Coast of strongly indented bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands.The largest peninsula are Scandinavian, Jutland, Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Crimea.They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of Europe.
European islands area exceeds 700 km2.This Novaya Zemlya archipelago of Franz Josef Land, Spitsbergen, Iceland, UK, Ireland.In the Mediterranean, there are such large islands as Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia.
In the waters around the coast of the European land transport cross paths that lead to Africa and America, as well as bind Europe together.
If we do not take into account dependent regions and incompletely recognized states, then Europe in 2017 covers 44 powers. Each of them has a capital, in which not only its administration is located, but also the highest authority, that is, the government of the state.
European countries
The territory of Europe extends from east to west for more than 3 thousand kilometers, and from south to north (from the island of Crete to the island of Spitsbergen) for 5 thousand kilometers. The majority of European powers are relatively small. With such small sizes territories and good transport accessibility, these states either closely border each other or are separated by very short distances.
The European continent is divided territorially into parts:
- western;
- eastern;
- northern;
- southern
All powers, located on the European continent, belong to one of these territories.
- There are 11 countries in the western region.
- In the east - 10 (including Russia).
- In the north - 8.
- In the south - 15.
We list all European countries and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.
Western
List of states belonging to Western Europe, with a list of main cities:
The states of Western Europe are washed mainly by the currents of the Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula they border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean. In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they stand out as an unfavorable demographic situation. This is a low birth rate and a low level of natural increase in population. In Germany there is even a population decline. All this led to the fact that developed Western Europe began to play the role of a subregion in the global system of population migration; it turned into the main center of labor immigration.
Eastern
List of states located in the eastern zone of the European continent and their capitals:
Eastern European countries have a lower level of economic development than their western neighbors. However, they better preserved their cultural and ethnic identity. Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can also be classified as the eastern territory of Europe. And the geographic center of Eastern Europe is located approximately within Ukraine.
Northern
The list of states included in northern Europe, including capitals, looks like this:
The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic States, the islands of Spitsbergen and Iceland are included in northern part Europe. The population of these regions makes up only 4% of the entire European population. The largest country in the eight is Sweden, and the smallest is Iceland. The population density in these lands is lower in Europe - 22 people/m2, and in Iceland - only 3 people/m2. This is due to harsh conditions climate zone. But economic development indicators highlight northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.
South
And finally, the most numerous list of territories located in the southern part and the capitals of European states:
The Balkan and Iberian peninsulas are occupied by these southern European powers. Industry is developed here, especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. Countries are rich mineral resources. IN agriculture main efforts aimed at growing food products such as:
- grape;
- olives;
- pomegranate;
- dates.
It is known that Spain is the world's leading olive harvesting country. This is where 45% of everything is produced olive oil in the world. Spain is also famous for its famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró.
European Union
The idea of creating a single community of European powers appeared in the middle of the twentieth century, or more precisely after the Second World War. The official unification of the countries of the European Union (EU) occurred only in 1992, when this union was sealed by the legal consent of the parties. Over time, the membership of the European Union has expanded and now includes 28 allies. And states that want to join these prosperous countries will have to prove their compliance with European foundations and EU principles, such as:
- protection of citizens' rights;
- democracy;
- freedom of trade in a developed economy.
EU Members
The European Union in 2017 includes the following states:
Today there are also candidate countries to join this foreign community. These include:
- Albania.
- Serbia.
- Macedonia.
- Montenegro.
- Türkiye.
On the map of the European Union you can clearly see its geography, European countries and their capitals.
Regulations and prerogatives of EU partners
The EU has a customs policy under which its members can trade with each other without tariffs and without restrictions. And in relation to other powers, the accepted customs tariff applies. Having common laws, the EU countries created a single market and introduced a single monetary currency - the euro. Many EU member countries are part of the so-called Schengen zone, which allows their citizens to move freely throughout the territory of all allies.
The European Union has governing bodies common to its member countries, which include:
- European Court.
- European Parliament.
- European Commission.
- The audit community that controls the EU budget.
Despite the unity, European states who have joined the community have complete independence and state sovereignty. Each country uses its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But there are certain criteria for all participants, and they must meet them. For example, coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.
It should be noted that since its founding, only one power has left the European community. This was the Danish autonomy - Greenland. In 1985, she was outraged by the low quotas imposed by the European Union on fishing. You can also recall the sensational events of 2016 referendum in Great Britain, when the population voted for the country to leave the European Union. This suggests that even in such an influential and seemingly stable community, serious problems are brewing.
Detailed map of Europe in Russian. Europe on the world map is a continent that, together with Asia, is part of the Eurasian continent. The border between Asia and Europe – Ural Mountains, Europe is separated from Africa by the Strait of Gibraltar. There are 50 countries in Europe, total population– more than 740 million people.
Map of Europe with countries and capitals in Russian:
Large map of Europe with countries - opens in a new window. The map shows European countries, their capitals and major cities.
Europe - Wikipedia:
Population of Europe: 741,447,158 people (2016)
Europe Square: 10,180,000 sq. km.
Satellite map of Europe. Map of Europe from satellite.
Satellite map of Europe in Russian online with cities and resorts, roads, streets and houses:
Sights of Europe:
What to see in Europe: Parthenon (Athens, Greece), Colosseum (Rome, Italy), Eiffel Tower (Paris, France), Edinburgh Castle (Edinburgh, Scotland), Sagrada Familia (Barcelona, Spain), Stonehenge (England), St. Peter's Basilica (Vatican City) , Buckingham Palace (London, England), Moscow Kremlin (Moscow, Russia), Leaning Tower of Pisa (Pisa, Italy), Louvre Museum (Paris, France), Big Ben (London, England), Blue Sultanahmet Mosque (Istanbul, Turkey), Building Parliament of Hungary (Budapest, Hungary), Neuschwanstein Castle (Bavaria, Germany), Old Town of Dubrovnik (Dubrovnik, Croatia), Atomium (Brussels, Belgium), Charles Bridge (Prague, Czech Republic), St. Basil's Cathedral (Moscow, Russia), Tower bridge (London, England).
The largest cities in Europe:
City Istanbul- city population: 14377018
people Country - Türkiye
City Moscow- city population: 12506468
people Country - Russia
City London- city population: 817410
0 people Country - Great Britain
City Saint Petersburg- city population: 5351935
people Country - Russia
City Berlin- city population: 3479740
people Country - Germany
City Madrid- city population: 3273049
people Country - Spain
City Kyiv- city population: 2815951
people Country - Ukraine
City Rome- city population: 2761447
people Country - Italy
City Paris- city population: 2243739
people Country - France
City Minsk- city population: 1982444
people Country - Belarus
City Hamburg- city population: 1787220
people Country - Germany
City Budapest- city population: 1721556
people Country - Hungary
City Warsaw- city population: 1716855
people Country - Poland
City Vein- city population: 1714142
people Country - Austria
City Bucharest- city population: 1677451
people Country - Romania
City Barcelona- city population: 1619337
people Country - Spain
City Kharkov- city population: 1446500
people Country - Ukraine
City Munich- city population: 1353186
people Country - Germany
City Milan- city population: 1324110
people Country - Italy
City Prague- city population: 1290211
people Country - Czech Republic
City Sofia- city population: 1270284
people Country - Bulgaria
City Nizhny Novgorod
- city population: 1259013
people Country - Russia
City Belgrade- city population: 1213000
people Country - Serbia
City Kazan- city population: 1206000
people Country - Russia
City Samara- city population: 1171000
people Country - Russia
City Ufa- city population: 1116000
people Country - Russia
City Rostov-on-Don- city population: 1103700
people Country - Russia
City Birmingham- city population: 1028701
people Country - Great Britain
City Voronezh- city population: 1024000
people Country - Russia
City Volgograd- city population: 1017451
people Country - Russia
City Permian- city population: 1013679
people Country - Russia
City Odessa- city population: 1013145
people Country - Ukraine
City Cologne- city population: 1007119
people Country - Germany
Microstates of Europe:
Vatican(area 0.44 sq. km - the smallest state in the world), Monaco(area 2.02 sq. km.), San Marino(area 61 sq. km.), Liechtenstein(area 160 sq. km.), Malta(area 316 sq. km - island in the Mediterranean Sea) and Andorra(area 465 sq. km.).
Subregions of Europe - regions of Europe according to the UN:
Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland.
Northern Europe: Great Britain, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.
Southern Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Macedonia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Italy, Vatican City, Greece, Malta.
East Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Russia, Republic of Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova.
European Union countries (members and composition of the European Union in alphabetical order):
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, Great Britain, Greece, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Ireland, Spain, Republic of Cyprus, Luxembourg, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, France, Finland, Croatia , Czech Republic, Sweden, Estonia.
Climate of Europe Mostly moderate. The European climate is particularly influenced by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf Stream. In most European countries there is a clear division into four seasons. In winter, snow falls over most of the continent and temperatures remain below 0 C, while in summer the weather is hot and dry.
Relief of Europe- These are mainly mountains and plains, and there are much more plains. Mountains occupy only 17% of the entire European territory. The largest European plains are Central European, East European, Central Danube and others. The largest mountains are the Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, etc.
The coastline of Europe is very indented, so some countries are island states. The largest rivers flow through Europe: the Volga, Danube, Rhine, Elbe, Dnieper and others. Europe is distinguished by its particularly careful attitude towards its cultural and historical heritage and natural resources. There are many national parks in Europe, and almost every European city has preserved unique historical monuments and architecture of past centuries.
European nature reserves (national parks):
Bavarian Forest (Germany), Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Belarus), Belovezhsky National Park (Poland), Borjomi-Kharagauli (Georgia), Braslav Lakes (Belarus), Vanoise (France), Vikos-Aoos (Greece), Hohe Tauern (Austria), Dwingelderveld (Netherlands), Yorkshire Dales (England), Kemery (Latvia), Killarney (Ireland), Kozara (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Coto De Doñana (Spain), Lemmenjoki (Finland), Narochanski (Belarus), New Forest (England), Pirin (Bulgaria), Plitvice Lakes (Croatia), Pripyat (Belarus), Snowdonia (England), Tatra Mountains (Slovakia and Poland), Thingvellir (Iceland), Šumava (Czech Republic), Dolomites (Italy), Durmitor ( Montenegro), Alonissos (Greece), Vatnajokull (Iceland), Sierra Nevada (Spain), Retezat (Romania), Rila (Bulgaria), Triglav (Slovenia).
Europe is the most visited continent in the world. Numerous resorts of southern countries (Spain, Italy, France) and a rich and varied historical heritage, which is represented by a variety of monuments and attractions, attract tourists from Asia, Oceania and America.
Castles of Europe:
Neuschwanstein (Germany), Trakai (Lithuania), Windsor Castle (England), Mont Saint-Michel (France), Hluboká (Czech Republic), De Haar (Netherlands), Coca Castle (Spain), Conwy (UK), Bran (Romania) ), Kilkenny (Ireland), Egeskov (Denmark), Pena (Portugal), Chenonceau (France), Bodiam (England), Castel Sant'Angelo (Italy), Chambord (France), Aragonese Castle (Italy), Edinburgh Castle (Scotland) , Spis Castle (Slovakia), Hohensalzburg (Austria).
The map of Europe shows the western part of the continent of Eurasia (Europe). The map shows the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Seas washed by Europe: Northern, Baltic, Mediterranean, Black, Barents, Caspian.
Presented here political map Europe with countries, physical map of Europe with cities (capitals of European countries), economic map of Europe. Most maps of Europe are presented in Russian.
Large map of European countries in Russian
The large map of European countries in Russian shows all the countries and cities of Europe with their capitals. The large map of Europe shows roads. The map shows the distances between the main cities of Europe. The map in the upper left corner contains a map of the island of Iceland. The map of Europe is made in Russian on a scale of 1:4500000. In addition to the island of Iceland, the islands of Europe are shown on the map: Great Britain, Sardinia, Corsica, Balearic Islands, Maine, Zealand Islands.
Map of Europe with countries (Political map)
On the map of Europe with countries, on the political map all the countries of Europe are shown. The countries indicated on the map of Europe are: Austria, Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican City, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden and Estonia. All symbols on the map are in Russian. All European countries are marked with their borders and main cities, including capitals. The political map of Europe shows the main ports of European countries.
Map of European countries in Russian
The map of European countries in Russian shows the countries of Europe, the capitals of European countries, the oceans and seas washing Europe, the islands: Faroe, Scottish, Hebrides, Orkney, Balearic, Crete and Rhodes.
Physical map of Europe with countries and cities.
On physical map Europe with countries and cities indicates the countries of Europe, the main cities of Europe, European rivers, seas and oceans with depths, mountains and hills of Europe, lowlands of Europe. The physical map of Europe shows the largest peaks of Europe: Elbrus, Mont Blanc, Kazbek, Olympus. Separately highlighted maps of the Carpathians (scale 1:8000000), map of the Alps (scale 1:8000000), map of the Strait of Gibraltai (scale 1:1000000). On the physical map of Europe, all symbols are in Russian.
Economic map of Europe
The economic map of Europe shows industrial centers. The centers of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy in Europe, the centers of mechanical engineering and metalworking of Europe, the centers of the chemical and petrochemical industries of Europe, the centers of the timber industry, the centers of production are plotted building materials Europe, centers of light and food industries. On the economic map of Europe, lands with the cultivation of various crops are highlighted in color. The map of Europe shows the mining sites and power plants of Europe. The size of the mining icon depends on the economic importance of the deposit.
Europe is part of the continent of Eurasia. This part of the world is home to 10% of the world's population. Europe owes its name to the heroine ancient greek mythology. Europe is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Inland seas - Black, Mediterranean, Marmara. The eastern and southeastern border of Europe runs along the Ural Range, the Emba River and the Caspian Sea.
IN Ancient Greece believed that Europe is a separate continent that separates the Black and Aegean Seas from Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea from Africa. Later it was found that Europe is only part of a huge continent. The area of the islands that make up the continent is 730 thousand square kilometers. 1/4 of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas - Apennine, Balkan, Kola, Scandinavian and others.
The highest point in Europe is the peak of Mount Elbrus, which is 5642 meters above sea level. A map of Europe with cities shows that the largest lakes in the region are Geneva, Chudskoye, Onega, Ladoga and Balaton.
All European countries are divided into 4 regions - Northern, Southern, Western and Eastern. Europe consists of 65 countries. 50 countries are independent states, 9 are dependent and 6 are unrecognized republics. Fourteen countries are islands, 19 are inland, and 32 countries have access to oceans and seas. The map of Europe in Russian shows the borders of all European states. The three states have their territories in both Europe and Asia. These are Russia, Kazakhstan and Türkiye. Spain, Portugal and France have part of their territory in Africa. Denmark and France have their territories in America.
The European Union includes 27 countries, and the NATO bloc includes 25. There are 47 states in the Council of Europe. The smallest state in Europe is the Vatican, and the largest is Russia.
The collapse of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of the division of Europe into Eastern and Western. Eastern Europe is the largest region of the continent. In Slavic countries it predominates Orthodox religion, in the rest - Catholicism. Cyrillic and Latin scripts are used. Western Europe unites Latin-speaking states. This part of the continent is the most economically developed part in the world. The Scandinavian and Baltic states unite to form Northern Europe. South Slavic, Greek and Romance-speaking countries form Southern Europe.
