Proper insulation of a timber house from the outside. Options for insulating a house made of timber Materials for insulating a house made of timber from the outside

The climate in Russia is extremely harsh, winters are cold, so the urgent question is how to properly insulate a house made of timber from the outside. This work must be done very carefully, especially with outside at home, only then will we get conditions for year-round living.

Features of house construction in Rus'

Naturally, the question arises: how did they manage without insulating the outside of the house before? After all, wooden houses have been built in Russia since ancient times, and they have stood for centuries.

You need to understand that an old and reliable log house and a modern house made of timber are somewhat different concepts. Until the 20th century, only chopped wood was used for buildings. Preference in carpentry work was given to the axe, although the saw had been known in Rus' since ancient times.

But it was believed that sawn wood absorbs moisture more strongly, swells and rots. And the wood in logs that are processed with an ax seems to become clogged under its blows and does not absorb moisture.

Houses were built without nails; there were several ways to cut logs. The cups were cut down strictly according to the shape of the logs that were placed in them, and a longitudinal groove was made in the crowns for better density of the frame. The joints of the logs were carefully caulked.

All this gave the effect of monolithicity. The thickness of the logs in the log house was sufficient to maintain heat.

Another feature was the construction of a log house under the very roof, the design of which in this case was called male. This type of structure was especially widespread in the north of Rus'. The logs were lifted all the way to the roof, a triangle of pediment was built, onto which the planks were attached.

So, we see the following features that did not allow traditional wooden houses in Rus':

1. the wall thickness is sufficient to retain heat;
2. solidity of the walls, achieved by the density of logs and caulking of cracks;
3. low level of hygroscopicity of wood due to processing it with an ax.

Let us consider these features as applied to modern houses from timber.

Modern house made of timber

For a normal level of microclimate in the house when the weather is fierce winter frosts, it is necessary to build a house from timber with a thickness of 40 cm or more. If the cross-section of the beam is smaller, it will not be possible to retain heat; caulking the cracks alone will not solve the problem. After all, the timber will simply freeze through and through in severe frosts.

In modern house construction, timber with a cross-section of 150 mm is used, so such a house has to be insulated from the outside or from the inside. The most correct way to achieve the desired effect is considered to be external.

The level of hygroscopicity is reduced by treating the timber with special impregnations. By using various methods With external insulation, it will be possible to achieve a monolithic effect and sufficient wall thickness; the main thing is to correctly find the answer to the question of how best to insulate a house made of timber from the outside.

Advantages of external insulation

The advantages of the method of insulating a house from the outside are as follows:

1. the internal space is not affected, work can be carried out without disturbing the normal rhythm of life of the owners;
2. the ability to carry out insulation work with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists;
3. opportunity arises original solution facade of the house;
4. heat loss is reduced;
5. external walls will be protected from the adverse effects of the external environment.

Insulation materials

Thermal insulation from basalt wool— Light Butts.

The modern market is rich in materials that are used for wall insulation:

1. basalt insulation;
2. glass wool;
3. Styrofoam;
4. extruded polystyrene foam;
5. foamed polyethylene;
6. insulation made of polyester fibers;
7. sprayed polyurethane foam.

When deciding how to insulate a house made of timber from the outside, it is necessary to take into account many factors, take them into account and draw the right conclusions. In this matter important role price, quality and thickness of insulation play a role.

In order to accept correct solution, it is necessary to consider all the comparative mechanical and thermal characteristics of insulation, taking into account that the materials produced by different manufacturers, specifications may vary.

What features should you pay attention to when deciding what to insulate with? timber house outside:

1. thermal conductivity index;
2. compressive strength indicator;
3. an indicator of elasticity, resilience (this is important for understanding the ability of a material not to break when bent and restore its original shape);
4. study the installation conditions (each material is accompanied by the manufacturer’s instructions on how to install this insulation).

Advice. When choosing the thickness of the insulation, you may be faced with the choice that mineral wool insulation with a thickness of 50 mm will be insufficient for walls of 150 mm according to the requirements of SNiP 02/23/2003 “ Thermal protection buildings”, and with insulation 100 mm thick it will significantly exceed them.

In this case, you can use the combination various insulation materials. For example, use foamed polyethylene, cover the facade with it directly along the vapor barrier, and sew bars on it, between which you strengthen the mineral wool insulation.

The procedure for carrying out thermal insulation work

Let's consider how to properly insulate the outside of a timber house, what stages of work need to be completed and in what sequence.

To ensure that air vapor passing through the thickness of the timber does not turn into water in the thickness of the insulation, it is necessary to make a vapor barrier. The best option it would be to spend it with inside walls, made of foil material that reflects heat into the room.

This must be done in the following order:

1. we fill the vertical sheathing on the external walls from edged boards thickness 40-50 mm;
2. fasten on boards continuous canvas overlapping vapor barrier membrane;
3. we fill the second layer of sheathing on the same boards with a step suitable for the selected insulation;
4. we lay insulation between the bars;
5. lay a film or membrane for wind protection;
6. we secure the wind protection with counter-battens;
7. We install the outer cladding along the slats.

Important. The vapor barrier of the wall must have vents located at the bottom and top. This is necessary to circulate air and balance the temperature in the gap area with the temperature in the interior.

Summary

Insulation wooden house from timber - an important stage in the process of reducing energy costs during operation and ensuring high level comfort of living (read also article). In the video presented in this article you will find Additional information on this topic.

When arranging their own private home, many people wonder how to insulate a house made of timber from the outside. This is due to the fact that most modern buildings are made of high-quality wood, but their thermal insulation properties leave much to be desired. To ensure a good microclimate in a log house, you need to increase the thickness of the walls, but not everyone is ready to sacrifice aesthetic appeal for the sake of warmth.

Features of insulating a timber house from the outside

And there is no point in taking such radical measures. If you apply correct methods insulation of timber structures, the issue of effective thermal insulation will be resolved quickly. You can insulate a room both from the outside and from the inside. Today we will deal with the topic: “How to insulate a house made of timber from the outside and how to do this procedure yourself”.

Luckily, these days there are a wide variety of instructional videos and additional material, with the help of which the complex of upcoming events will become simpler and faster. If you have the desire and time, you can insulate your room in in the best possible way. So, first things first.

Do-it-yourself insulation of a timber house from the outside

Many wooden houses do not have thick enough walls, therefore, it is difficult for them to endure the harsh Russian winters with severe frosts and strong winds . Even high-quality sealing of all the cracks of the log house is unable to improve the thermal insulation properties of the building.

Therefore, in order for the house not to freeze under the influence of extremely low temperatures and maintain optimal temperature regime, it is necessary to insulate it from the outside. Equip good system thermal insulation is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. Today you can find a wide range of different thermal insulation solutions, built according to very simple technologies, which allows you to carry out a number of measures to insulate the house without any special skills or abilities.

And to simplify the upcoming task, you can watch a lot of training videos with a detailed explanation of each stage.

Proper external insulation of a log house involves the use of different materials. The main thing is that they meet the following requirements:

• had excellent fire resistance and were not exposed to high temperatures;
• had low thermal conductivity;
• were environmentally friendly and did not emit toxic substances during operation;
• had good thermal insulation properties;
• did not accumulate moisture;
• let various emitted fumes escape from the room;
• had good noise insulation properties.

As for external insulation, this method has many advantages, namely:

• the ability to quickly transform or update your home;
• reduction of fuel costs due to improved thermal insulation;
• security effective protection from any external factors: noise, moisture, dampness;
• significant savings in free space;

If you follow some instructions, study photos and videos with detailed instructions on insulation, the upcoming procedure will be completed much faster and more productively than expected. Experienced experts advise paying attention to the following subtleties:

• When installing insulation, you must not leave this material outside under open air. If it is exposed to rain, its thermal performance will likely be greatly reduced. Therefore, store the insulation in a warm, well-ventilated and dry place;
• by laying the horizontal sheathing bars in increments that are 15 millimeters smaller than the width of the insulation, you can refuse to use fasteners;
• When laying insulation, be sure to follow safety rules and use personal protective equipment. These include a respirator, gloves, and goggles.

Correct installation of insulation in houses made of laminated veneer lumber involves the use of three main methods:

1. arrangement of a suspended ventilated facade;
2. using polystyrene foam as insulation;
3. spraying walls with polyurethane, which requires the use of special equipment.

According to experts, it is most advisable to use ventilated façade method, because it has many advantages, including:

What materials will be the most effective when insulating the walls of houses made of laminated veneer lumber?

Today there are a lot of excellent insulation materials with high thermal insulation properties and durable construction. Among the most popular are:

• fiberglass;
• mineral wool;
• basalt mats;
• expanded polystyrene and others.

Each of the above-mentioned insulation materials has its own pros and cons. They also differ in the installation method and features, so before choosing a specific offer, you should make sure that you can install it yourself without the help of a specialist. The main thing is that the selected material meets all quality and safety requirements.

A good insulation for the walls of a laminated timber house should have:

1. excellent thermal insulation;
2. non-flammability;
3. moisture resistance;
4. ability to effectively prevent heat transfer between internal part indoors and outdoors;
5. environmental safety.

How to insulate a house made of timber. How to properly insulate

Insulation of a house made of timber - the process is painstaking and responsible. But if you take into account all the pitfalls in advance and weigh the pros and cons of each insulation, the upcoming procedure will be completed without the slightest difficulty.

It should be noted that nowadays the most popular material for insulating external laminated timber walls is mineral wool. Its slabs have small dimensions, due to which the additional load on the structural parts of the room is significantly reduced. In addition, this option is very cheap, perfectly retains heat inside the room and prevents the penetration of atmospheric moisture inside. Mineral wool is also famous for its non-flammability, and due to its softness and elasticity, it quickly takes on the required shape and does not form bridges during installation, remaining resistant to thermal deformation.

Installation of insulation can be carried out under a block house or using plastic siding, which is used to cover the outside walls of the house. Complex installation work Insulating a house can be divided into several separate stages. Let's talk about each of them in more detail.

Vapor barrier

Before you begin installing the insulation, you must ensure effective system vapor barriers. At this stage, you can use aluminum foil, vapor barrier film or roofing felt. The procedure makes it possible to ensure good ventilation properties of the facade under the film and involves installing vertical slats 2.5 centimeters thick at a distance of one meter from one another. After this, a vapor barrier layer is installed on the placed slats over the entire surface. Holes with a diameter of 20 millimeters are made between the base slats for successful ventilation..

The presence of such a system will prevent the penetration of atmospheric moisture inside and the accumulation of internal moisture under the film, which can cause rotting of the wooden wall. To fix such a vapor barrier, nails or staples are used, and the fastening points are sealed with tape to protect them from water penetration.

Installation of the frame for effective thermal insulation. Laying thermal insulation

To ensure that the final result of insulating the walls of a timber house is as successful as possible, pay attention to such a mandatory procedure as installing the frame. As a frame, you can use high-quality boards 100 millimeters wide and 40-50 millimeters thick, which are attached to the wall vertically on edge. The distance between the boards should not be less than the width of the insulation.

The timber is attached to the facade using self-tapping screws. During installation, it is necessary to control the position of the beam using a level or plumb line. If the sheathing is uneven, installation of the cladding at the final stage will be ineffective.

To prevent gaps from appearing between the boards, mineral wool is installed very tightly. The material, 50 millimeters thick, is laid in two layers using semi-rigid, elastic slabs with a density of 80-120 kilograms per cubic meter. In this case, the slabs adhere perfectly between the frame boards and do not slip during operation.

After completing the installation of thermal insulation, you should proceed to laying a waterproofing film, which is designed to transmit steam and retain water. The film is placed on thermal insulation layer and nailed with staples or nails from the frame. When joining the film, you need to leave at least 5-10 centimeters of overlap, and cover the formed joints with self-adhesive tape.

Laying the second layer of the frame

The heat-insulating layer is stuffed onto the frame slats 50 millimeters wide and up to 3 centimeters thick. This step allows for free air circulation between the sheathing and the vapor barrier to prevent the formation of condensation that appears on the waterproofing layer. The resulting space is covered with a thick metal mesh to prevent the penetration of insects and rodents.

Concerning external cladding, in most cases it serves only a decorative role, so what material will be used for cladding is up to you to decide. The main thing is that it meets your design requirements and complements the overall style concept. As facing material You can use wooden lining, plastic siding or any other material.

Ready-made insulation materials

It is no secret that recently you can find a lot of ready-made insulation materials on the market for effective thermal insulation of walls made of laminated veneer lumber. They are manufactured keeping in mind the advanced standards and high technology. The most popular of them is the famous “ Penoplex", which releases Russian company. The material is offered in the form of soft and high-quality thermal insulation boards, which are an effective type of extruded polystyrene foam created using a special technology.

Such panels are famous for their high resistance to external influences, durability and long service life. They are able to prevent the penetration of moisture, dampness, bacteria, mold and other microorganisms into the premises, providing correct microclimate And comfortable conditions residence. Now “Penoplex” is a new word in the world of domestically produced thermal insulation structures.

According to statistics, humanity spends over 40% of energy resources on heating and cooling. These data confirm that the role of thermal insulation materials in construction is very high.

The use of high-quality insulation allows you to create comfortable indoor conditions, protect the building from temperature changes, extend its service life and reduce heating costs. Therefore, it is very important to understand how to insulate a house made of timber. This easy work, which you can do yourself.

What insulation is best to use?

Mineral wool has low thermal conductivity and is not susceptible to rot and mold.

Houses made of timber have many advantages. A natural atmosphere reigns in such a house. It is comfortable and warm to be in. However, this does not mean that houses made of timber do not need additional insulation.

Mineral wool is considered the best thermal insulation material for a house made of timber. This material is characterized by low thermal conductivity, very high thermal insulation properties and extremely low hygroscopicity. The insulation is made of basalt.

Mineral wool thermal insulation materials are considered one of the best for insulating a house made of timber. This insulation does not support combustion, it is not afraid of fungi, mold and insects, it does not contain toxic substances and it releases vapors well into the external environment.

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Step-by-step instructions for external insulation

Insulation of a house made of timber is carried out in several stages. First, a vapor barrier material is attached, then a frame is constructed, thermal insulation is laid, another layer of frame is created, and finally the sheathing is installed. To do all this, you will need the following tools:

• building level;
• saw;
• construction stapler;
• roulette;
• hammer;
• screwdriver;
• marker;
• nails and screws;
• drill;
• dowels

The right thing starts with installing a vapor barrier. Typically polyethylene is used for this.

Aluminum foil will also work. Vapor barrier performs the most important task. It is this that ensures ventilation of the façade of a timber house under a film coating. Therefore, proper insulation without a vapor barrier device is impossible.

If the house is built from a round frame, then there is no need for a vapor barrier. If the walls are smooth, then vertical narrow slats about 25 mm thick are placed on them in increments of 100 cm. After this, the surface is covered with a layer of vapor barrier material. You need to make holes 2 cm in diameter at the bottom and top between the slats. Thanks to the ventilated layer between the wall surface and the vapor barrier material, moisture will not collect under the film. This will prevent rotting building material. The staples or nails with which the vapor barrier was attached must be sealed with tape.

Proper insulation of a house involves installing insulation into a pre-prepared frame. To make the frame, boards 10 cm wide and 5 cm thick are used. They must be fixed to the surface vertically and on an edge. The boards are packed in increments of 2 cm less than the width of the insulation boards used.

Lay the slabs mineral wool between fixed boards. Make sure there is no gap between them. If thermal insulation with a thickness of 5 cm is used, then it must be laid in 2 layers. Each layer is laid so that the joints of the first layer of insulation are in the middle of the slabs of the top layer.

Mineral wool mats are laid in a pre-prepared frame.

Mineral insulation is quite elastic and rigid. Its density reaches 100-120 kg/m³. This is enough for the slabs to be held without additional fasteners between the boards and not to slip.

Waterproofing must be laid on top of the insulation. The film should be such that it does not retain water, but allows steam to pass freely. Lay the film over the insulation and attach it to the frame using staples or nails. The waterproofing is laid with an overlap of 10 cm. The joints are sealed with tape.

Nail the frame boards wooden slats 5 cm wide and 3 cm thick. Thanks to these slats, free air circulation will be ensured between the vapor barrier material and outer skin. It will also prevent the formation of condensation. From below, the resulting space closes quite thick metal mesh. It will protect the structure from rodents and insects.

And ends external insulation home installation of sheathing. You can use wooden or plastic sheathing. Choose the material to your taste.

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Guide to internal wall insulation

The work does not end with the external insulation of the house. To minimize heat loss and ensure a comfortable microclimate in the house, you need to perform proper internal insulation.

Before doing the main work, you need to treat the walls of the house with antifungal and antiseptic compounds. Inspect the surface carefully. Seal any existing cracks. This can be done using jute fiber and a thin chisel. Large cracks are sealed with twisted tape tow. Cover the surface with waterproofing.

First you need to make racks. Measure the height of the room and cut a beam of the same length with a section of 50x100 mm. Prepare a block of the same length, but with a cross-section of 50x50 mm. Place it along the edge of the beam and secure it with self-tapping screws. The result should be an L-shaped stand.

Make stands like this for everyone internal corner. Secure them with self-tapping screws. Check the vertical installation using a level. When all such racks are installed, vertical bars with a cross section of 50x50 mm should be secured between them in increments of 60 cm.

After completing the installation of the sheathing, proceed to the installation of insulation. The width of the mineral wool slab should be 1-2 cm wider than the distance between the bars. The insulation is attached to the surface using anchors with round caps. To further improve thermal insulation, attach an additional layer of film over the laid mineral wool.

After that, proceed to execution finishing works. Pre-attach the film to the bars using construction stapler. This will allow you to later attach bars with a cross-section of 30x40 mm to the vapor barrier over the staples.

Finally, the walls are covered wooden clapboard or other suitable material. Lining is most preferable, because it helps preserve the naturalness of a log house.

Standard timber section for frame house– 150 x 150 mm or 200 x 150 mm, and this is often not enough to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house in winter due to the thickness of the building walls. Therefore, it is necessary to insulate a log house from the outside, and there are quite a lot of such technologies, as well as modern thermal insulation materials. It is considered an axiom that external insulation is much more effective than internal insulation, and this is true - the dew point moves to a safe place, the amount of condensation decreases, the walls continue to “breathe”, but continue to retain and retain heat in the premises of the house.

Preparatory work on external walls

Before you start insulating a house made of timber from the outside, you should choose from a range of materials for thermal insulation the one that is optimally suited for a house of a particular design, select the technology for laying it and prepare the surfaces of the walls.

Preparation of wooden timber walls comes down to a visual inspection in order to detect cracks, pockets of mold and rot, peeling of bark islands, defects in the installation and fastening of doors and windows, etc. Then the walls are caulked or cracks are sealed (if they are found) in another way, for example, they are putty with a special compound, the walls are treated with an antiseptic and fire-retardant substances. Caulk external wall is carried out using one of three well-known special heat insulators that have proven themselves better than others - tow, flax (flax batting) and jute.

Push the insulation into the cracks with a special wooden spatula with a narrow and thin blade. If you don’t have such a spatula, a metal construction spatula with a blade length of 60, 80 or 120 mm will do.

There are two ways to caulk the walls: insulating the walls of a log house from the outside, stretched, and laying it in a set.

Stretched thermal insulation of surfaces is done in the presence of narrow gaps, and in a set - wide ones. In the first case, the ventilation façade insulation is stretched along the gap thin layer and drive it in with caulk and a hammer until the space is completely filled. Laying into a set is carried out by forming balls into the size of the gap, then tow or jute is driven into the gap in the same way. Thermal insulation of a wooden house always starts from the bottom row.

When choosing a thermal insulation material, we take into account its performance characteristics:

1. Compressive strength coefficient;
2. Frost resistance;
3. The service life indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging.

You can choose from the following list:

1. Fibrous inorganic insulation - glass wool, mineral wool, stone or basalt wool;
2. Polystyrene foam in slabs and sheets of different densities;
3. Extruded polystyrene foam (EPP);
4. Foamed polyethylene (FPE);
5. Sprayed polyurethane foam (PPU);
6. Izoplat boards are windproof.

Mineral wool and substitutes

Mineral wool is an excellent thermal insulator, but it is hygroscopic, and this disadvantage makes it a highly specialized material. Or, when insulating a log house with mineral wool, it is necessary to create additional layers of steam and waterproofing materials, so using mineral wool is not a cheap pleasure. When choosing to insulate a log house from the outside with your own hands using mineral wool, you should take into account the average annual air humidity in the region and the building materials with which the house is lined on the outside. Another requirement for mineral wool is that the house must have a ventilated façade.

The table will help you choose the optimal material:

Foam insulation

Foam is chosen based on its density - high density means low thermal conductivity. The table below will help you correctly navigate the characteristics of polystyrene foam when insulating a wooden house:

A log house can be insulated with any polystyrene foam standard thickness sheet or plate 5 or 10 cm.

Insulation with extruded polystyrene foam (EPS)

Before insulating a house made of timber with EPS, think about exceeding the estimate - this thermal insulation material costs much more than foam plastic and mineral wool.

EPS is attached to the walls with glue, which should not contain acetone, toluene, water, ethyl acetate and all derivatives of these substances. Therefore, when using this insulation, it is recommended to buy the following glue:

1. Adhesive foam brand "TechnoNIKOL";
2. Glue “Ceresit” CT-85;
3. Adhesive facade composition “Allfix”;
4. Glue "Bitumast";
5. Glue “Illbruck PU-010” based on polyurethane;
6. Adhesive composition "Insta-Stick Universal-145345".

Foamed polyethylene NPE

Advantages of NPE over others thermal insulation materials the following:

1. Low thermal conductivity coefficient;
2. The elasticity and elasticity of the material allows it to be laid on uneven surfaces;
3. Light weight and low cost.

Foamed polyethylene is produced as insulation high pressure(LDPE) and low (HDPE), the material is foiled with an aluminum layer on one or both sides. In individual construction, the following brands of NPE are most often practiced:

1. Insulating harness “Vilaterm”;
2. Rolled heat insulator in the form of “Thermopol” mats. Mat thickness – 1.5-4 cm;
3. Roll insulation "Penofol". Has a foil layer on one or both sides.

When insulating a house with a layer of foamed polyethylene, there is no need to equip additional layers of vapor and waterproofing, and that too distinctive feature material – NPE is non-hygroscopic. And the low cost of foamed polyethylene rolls gives good opportunity save family budget without loss of quality of work on insulating the house outside.

Izoplat – windproof boards

The manufacturer is Finland, and everyone there knows about frost. Izoplat is made from fibers coniferous trees, without synthetic and harmful additives and additives. Standard sizes products - thickness 12 mm, length - 2700 mm and width - 1200 mm; in terms of heat retention properties, such a 12 mm thick plate is equal to a 44 mm layer of pure wood.

Positive qualities of Izoplat insulation:

1. Hermetic surface and elasticity, which is why windproof boards cover the walls of the house very tightly;
2. Isoplat coefficient: λ10 ≤ 0.045 W/m K;
3. Good vapor permeability allows the building wall to breathe, therefore minimizing the possibility of mold and other fungal diseases;
4. High moisture resistance due to impregnation of the boards with paraffin;
5. Noise insulation – 23 dB. For comparison: a three-chamber PVC window has a sound insulation of 47 dB;
6. With dimensions of 2700 x 1200 x 12 mm and a weight of one slab of 9 kg, quick and easy installation on walls is ensured;
7. Guaranteed service life – ≥ 50-70 years;
8. Absolutely environmentally friendly, since the material is natural.

Basics of insulating a timber house

Wood is a hygroscopic material, so the surface of the walls can be deformed to a fairly large depth. Although profiled laminated veneer lumber is impregnated with moisture-repellent substances, the material absorbs moisture, although in small quantities, but sufficient to cause wall deformations. First of all, deformations manifest themselves in distortions of windows and doors, which have to be additionally insulated or reinstalled.

When insulating a house with Isoplat, you need to create a ventilation gap so that excess moisture comes out of the wood and does not deform it. Then a thermal insulation layer of slabs with decorative cladding made of siding, lining and other similar materials. Therefore, a ventilated facade for timber construction is required.

1. Wall surface;
2. Wooden or metal sheathing;
3. Insulation layer;
4. Vapor barrier;
5. Ventilation gap;
6. Decorative protective cladding.

Regardless of the insulation material, be sure to observe the correct layer-by-layer fastening of building materials. And lastly: between the layer of any insulation and the layer of decorative cladding it is necessary to leave an air gap of ≈ 10 mm.

The timber from which it is assembled is also used for the construction load-bearing structures or fences. In fact, it is a log after edging on 2, 3 or 4 sides. Three-sided processing produces timber with a front side that imitates a log surface.

Types of timber

Beam and whetstone are different concepts. A diameter thickness of less than 100 mm is a block. To assemble a house, the timber must be made of pine (for better air permeability) and have a cross-section of 150x150 or 190x150 mm.

For low-rise housing construction they use:

• solid timber (cheap, but burdened with long-term shrinkage in the future);
• glued (high-tech, with specified beneficial properties, and therefore expensive material);
• profiled (with a tongue-and-groove connection installed during processing - this removes the internal pressure leading to cracking of the wood).

Profiled timber is made from solid wood or glued from lamella boards. The last option has no drawbacks and belongs to premium-class building materials. This type of lumber differs and by surface treatment method:

• profiled timber (German) - “comb”;
• profiled timber (Finnish) - with two tenons for connection;
• profiled timber with cups - grooves for corner joints;
• timber with a smooth front surface;
• timber with a convex front surface.

What makes timber the preferred material in private housing construction?

1. Blessed for design appearance, the ability to play with color and texture.
2. Simplicity and waste-free construction.
3. Factory surface treatment suitable for applying finishing materials (drying oils, paints).
4. Environmentally friendly construction while maintaining a healthy microclimate.
5. Excellence in operational properties over a rounded log.
6. Comparative efficiency.

All appearing later flaws houses made of timber are a consequence of violations of the production technology of this material.

No matter how carefully the walls made of profiled timber are assembled, it is impossible to avoid loose fit and cracks. They make the house ventilated and permeable to low temperatures.

Therefore, an important stage of construction is the correct insulation of a house made of timber - internal and external.

Insulation of a house made of profiled timber

Traditional tow has now become effective competitors: jute, linen wool, ecowool, mineral wool slabs, fiberglass, expanded polystyrene, thermobasalt. To evenly distribute the insulation between the crowns, tapes made of fibrous materials are used in the form non-woven fabric, which are attached to the wood with a stapler or glue.

In choosing insulation worth following not only its heat-saving properties, but also its susceptibility to open fire, fungal and mold damage.

What is meant by “insulation of a wooden house”

Insulating a house made of timber can mean simply protection from blowing, or protection from the penetration of cold air. Or we can consider this process as a set of measures to preserve internal heat in winter conditions. Each target installation will require different insulation materials, different technologies implementation of this stage of construction, varying degrees of complexity of the measures taken.

The most simple insulation is caulking the inter-crown cracks. It is carried out in 2 stages: in the first (during the assembly period) pieces of tow are placed between a pair of timber, in the second (after the house has settled) - the tow is tucked into the cracks with a special spatula using a hammer. The process is simple, but labor-intensive and time-consuming.

Insulating the house from the inside

Whatever insulation is used in this case, its primary task of preserving heat is certainly combined with sound insulation from the external environment. Insulating the walls inside should not significantly reduce the size of the premises, so insulation boards are chosen no thicker than 3 cm. They are provided environmental Safety and resistance to destruction by rodents. On top of the insulation, the walls are usually lined with plasterboard.

Technology for proper insulation of a house made of timber from the outside

Work on insulating a timber house from the outside begins with checking the quality of the joints after achieving natural humidity timber, choosing a heat insulator and calculating its required thickness (up to 7 cm). Now there is a convenient opportunity to make calculations using an online calculator on the Internet.

Worth considering that insulation work will not greatly affect the dimensions, but can change the appearance of the building beyond recognition, so it is necessary to immediately decide on the type of future cladding (plaster, siding, false beams) and the intended finishing work.

External insulation can be done in the following way:

• arrange a suspended ventilated façade;
• insulate the outside with polyurethane spraying;
• insulate with polystyrene foam.

Required tools for insulation work.

1. Tape measure and plumb level.
2. Hacksaw.
3. Self-tapping screws.
4. Ladder or scaffolding.
5. Lumber for sheathing.

Sequence of work on installing a suspended ventilated facade

If the timber used in construction was dry, then the curtain wall can begin to be made immediately after the construction of the log house.

1. First of all, you need to seal the inter-crown cracks (see “caulking”).
2. The sheathing begins to be assembled from a frame made of bars (50x70 according to the height of the insulation). They are fastened to the wall vertically with nails, in increments along the width of the insulation.
3. Using ventilated facade technology, the lathing is made in two levels to obtain a gap of 3 cm between the insulation and the finishing coating.
4. Insulation boards are laid end-to-end between the sheathing structures.
5. A special material (diffuse membrane) is stretched, securing construction stapler to the sheathing.
6. Strengthen finishing material facade.

This type of insulation makes the façade stable to any type of atmospheric phenomena, prevents rotting and molding, retains the ability wooden walls"breathe".

Insulation by spraying polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam- polymer No. 1 adheres well to a clean, oil-free surface. Inflicted in several passes special equipment under pressure with a layer of 50 mm on a wall made of timber, it forms a moisture-proof film without seams and cracks and closes the pores of the wood. This covering is removed under the curtain wall made of finishing material.

The method is very simple and economical, it is carried out without lifting mechanisms and scaffolding. A significant advantage is resistance to open fire, the duration of preservation of heat-protective qualities, resistance to rotting processes and the effects of bacteria.

However, it is necessary to provide when designing a house ventilation system, effectively problem solving vapor permeability of polyurethane film.

Foam insulation

Insulation of a log house with polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene) can be done both inside and outside. This is an inexpensive and effective material to use. For insulation work take slabs 5 cm thick and special glue.

1. Attach horizontally to clean, dry walls below starting profiles to prevent the cladding from slipping.
2. Glue is applied both to the foam and to the gluing site, lubricating the joints.
3. Work is carried out from the bottom up.
4. The drying time of the glue is 3 days.
5. After drying, the foam is further strengthened with special dowels.
6. Subsequent work is carried out after priming the layer.

1. Shrinkage of profile timber up to 3-4% occurs in the first six months to a year.
2. When working with insulation, it is important to observe safety measures: eye protection - goggles, hand protection - mittens, respiratory protection - respirator.
3. The insulation cannot be stored outdoors: getting wet will reduce its heat-protective properties.
4. Insulation boards can be installed by surprise without additional fasteners if the distance between the sheathing elements is reduced by 1.5 cm.
5. Spray insulation can be done at temperatures not lower than 10 degrees.
6. Organic insulation materials are susceptible to destruction by rodents.