Sofia Paleolog: the woman who founded the Russian Empire. Grand Duchess Sofia Palaeologus of Moscow and her role in history

Princess, ruler of Russia (1682-1689).

Princess Sofya Alekseevna was born on September 17 (27), 1657 in the Moscow Kremlin. Her father was the Tsar, her mother was the Tsarina, nee Princess Miloslavskaya.

Sofya Alekseevna was distinguished by her intelligence, energy and ambition, and was an educated woman. Her teacher was the famous educator Simeon of Polotsk.

After the death of her brother, the Tsar (April 27, 1682), the princess actively participated in the struggle of the court parties, because was dissatisfied with the election of her half-brother to the royal throne. Taking advantage of the Moscow uprising of 1682, the Miloslavsky party seized power. Alekseevich was proclaimed “Senior Tsar”, and Sofya Alekseevna was declared regent under both tsars on May 29, 1682. In the fall of 1682, the government of Sofia Alekseevna, located in, with the help of noble troops, suppressed the uprising in.

Sofya Alekseevna became the ruler under both minor kings. Her name was included in the official royal title “Great Sovereigns and Great Empress Tsarevna and Grand Duchess Sofia Alekseevna...”. In 1684, Sofya Alekseevna ordered her image to be minted on coins. Since 1686, she called herself autocrat, and in January 1687 she formalized this title by a special decree. A major role at Sophia Alekseevna’s court was played by her favorite Prince, one of the most educated people XVII century.

The years of Sofia Alekseevna's reign were marked by a desire for a broad renewal of Russian society. She took measures to develop industry and trade. Under her, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was created. In addition, during her tenure in power, the first population census took place, she carried out a reform of the tax system, and also changed the rules for obtaining government positions (now officials were required not only to have a title, but also business qualities). Sofya Alekseevna began reorganizing the army along European lines, but did not have time to complete what she started.

During the reign of Sofia Alekseevna, small concessions were made to the settlements and the search for runaway peasants was weakened, which caused discontent among the nobles. In foreign policy, the most significant actions were the conclusion of the “Eternal Peace” of 1686 with Poland, which secured the Left Bank Ukraine, Kyiv and the Nerchinsk Treaty of 1689 with China (valid until 1858), entry into the war with Turkey and the Crimean Khanate (Crimean Campaigns of 1687 and 1689 under the leadership).

In 1689, there was a break between Sofya Alekseevna and the boyar-noble group that supported. The Tsar's party won. The government of Sofia Alekseevna fell, her name was excluded from the royal title, and she herself was imprisoned in the Novodevichy Convent.

During the Streletsky uprising of 1698, the princess’s supporters intended to “call” her to the throne. After the suppression of the uprising, Sofya Alekseevna was tonsured a nun. Novodevichy Convent under the name of Susanna.

Princess Sofya Alekseevna died on July 3 (14), 1704 in the Novodevichy Convent. Before her death, she adopted the schema under the name of Sophia. She was buried in the tomb of the Smolensk Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent.

Born on September 27 (17 according to the old style) 1657 in Moscow. One of six daughters from her marriage to Maria Miloslavskaya, who gave birth to the Tsar two more sons - Fyodor and Ivan.

The princess introduced a hitherto unpracticed order - she, a woman, was present at the royal reports, and over time, without hesitation, she publicly began to give her own orders.

Sophia's reign was marked by her desire for a broad renewal of Russian society. The princess took all measures to develop industry and trade. During Sophia's reign, Russia began producing velvet and satin, previously imported from Europe. Under her, the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was created. Sofya Alekseevna sent the first Russian embassy to Paris. During her reign, a famous dispute about faith took place in the Faceted Chamber of the Kremlin, which put an end to many years of church schism.

In addition, the first population census took place, the tax system was reformed, and the rules for obtaining government positions were changed (now officials were required not only to have a title, but also to have the business qualities of applicants). Sophia began reorganizing the army along European lines, but did not have time to complete what she started.

During the reign of Sophia, small concessions were made to the settlements and the search for runaway peasants was weakened, which caused discontent among the nobles. In foreign policy, the most significant actions of the government of Sofia Alekseevna were the conclusion of the “Eternal Peace” of 1686 with Poland, which assigned Left Bank Ukraine, Kyiv and Smolensk to Russia; Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 with China; entry into the war with Turkey and the Crimean Khanate. In 1689, there was a break between Sophia and the boyar-noble group that supported Peter I. The party of Peter I won.

The “Women's Century” in Russian history is considered to be the 18th century, when four empresses were on the Russian throne at once - Catherine I, Anna Ioannovna,Elizaveta Petrovna And Catherine II. However, the period of female rule began a little earlier, when at the end of the 17th century, for several years, the princess became the de facto head of Russia Sofya Alekseevna.

About my sister Peter I, primarily thanks to feature film and books, there was an image of her as an out-and-out reactionary who opposed her brother-reformer. In reality, everything was much more complicated.

Sofya Alekseevna was born on September 27, 1657, she was the sixth child and fourth daughter of the Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich.

In the pre-Petrine era, the daughters of Russian tsars were not given much choice - first life in the women's half of the palace, and then a monastery. Time Yaroslav the Wise, when princely daughters were married to foreign princes, they were far behind - it was believed that life within the monastery walls for girls was better than converting to another faith.

Humility and obedience were considered the virtues of princesses, but it quickly became clear that little Sophia had her own opinion on everything. By the age of 7, mothers and nannies ran to complain about the girl directly to the royal father.

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich acted unexpectedly - instead of punishment, he ordered good teachers to be found for Sophia. As a result, the girl received an excellent education and mastered foreign languages, and soon foreign ambassadors began to report to their countries about amazing changes at the Russian court: the Tsar’s daughter no longer sits at embroidery, but participates in state affairs.

Sofya Alekseevna. Photo: Public Domain

Features of the political struggle of the 17th century

Sophia had no illusions that this would continue. The girl, through foreigners who served at the Russian court, established contacts with the German principalities, trying to find a groom there who would suit her father. But Alexey Mikhailovich was not going to go that far without giving his daughter the opportunity to move abroad.

Alexey Mikhailovich died when Sophia was 19 years old. The princess's brother ascended the throne Fedor Alekseevich.

Just like his namesake Fedor Ioannovich, this Russian Tsar was not in good health and was unable to produce an heir.

It turned out quite a difficult situation with the succession to the throne. Next in line was the brother of Fyodor and Sophia Ivan Alekseevich, however, he was also often sick and also showed signs of dementia. And the next heir was the still very young Pyotr Alekseevich.

At that time, the highest Russian nobility was conditionally divided into two opposing parties. The first group included relatives of Alexei Mikhailovich’s first wife Maria Miloslavskaya and their supporters, to the second - relatives of the king’s second wife Natalia Naryshkina and their like-minded people.

Fyodor, Ivan and Sophia were the children of Maria Miloslavskaya, Pyotr - Natalya Naryshkina.

Supporters of the Miloslavskys, who maintained their positions under Fyodor Alekseevich, understood how precarious the situation would become in the event of his death. Moreover, at the time of his father’s death, Ivan was only 10 years old, and Peter was only four, so in the event of their accession to the throne, the question of a regent arose.

For Sophia, this political alignment looked very promising. She began to be considered as a candidate for regent. In Russia, despite all its patriarchy, the coming to power of a woman did not cause shock or horror. Duchess Olga, who ruled at the dawn of Russian statehood and became the first Christian among the rulers of Rus', left quite positive impressions of such an experience.

The path to power was opened by rebellion

On May 7, 1682, Fyodor Alekseevich passed away, and a fierce struggle unfolded for the throne. The Naryshkins made the first move - managing to win over to their side Patriarch Joachim, they declared Peter the new king.

The Miloslavskys had an ace up their sleeve for this occasion - the Streltsy army, always dissatisfied and ready to revolt. Preparatory work with the archers had been going on for a long time, and on May 25 a rumor was started that the Naryshkins were killing Tsarevich Ivan in the Kremlin. A riot began and the crowd moved towards the Kremlin.

The Naryshkins began to panic. Natalya Naryshkina, trying to extinguish passions, brought Ivan and Peter to the archers, but this did not calm the rebels. Naryshkin supporters began to be killed right in front of the eyes of 9-year-old Peter. This reprisal subsequently affected both the king’s psyche and his attitude towards the archers.

A scene from the history of the Streletsky revolt in 1682: Ivan Naryshkin falls into the hands of the rebels. Peter I's mother Natalya Kirillovna, sister of Ivan Naryshkin, is wailing on her knees. 10-year-old Peter consoles her. Peter I's sister Sophia watches the events with satisfaction. Photo: Public Domain

The Naryshkins actually capitulated. Under pressure from the Streltsy, a unique decision was made - both Ivan and Peter were elevated to the throne at once, and Sofya Alekseevna was confirmed as their regent. At the same time, Peter was called the “second king”, insisting on his removal together with his mother to Preobrazhenskoye.

So at the age of 25, on June 8, 1682, Sofya Alekseevna became the ruler of Russia with the title “Great Empress Princess and Grand Duchess.”

Crowning of Ivan and Peter. Photo: Public Domain

Reformer by necessity

Sophia, who did not shine with external beauty, in addition to a sharp mind, had enormous ambition. She understood perfectly well that she had no chance of retaining power without taking any measures, without trying to move the development of the state forward.

At the same time, her less than stable position in power did not allow her to take too drastic steps, as her brother later did. However, under Sophia, reform of the army and the tax system of the state began, trade with foreign powers began to be encouraged, and foreign specialists were actively invited.

In foreign policy, Sophia managed to conclude a profitable peace treaty with Poland, the first treaty with China, and relations with European countries actively developed.

Under Sophia the first higher education was opened educational institution in Russia - Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.

Sophia also has a favorite - Prince Vasily Golitsyn, who actually turned into the head of the Russian government.

In an effort to strengthen her authority with military successes, Sophia organized two campaigns against Crimean Tatars in 1687 and 1689, which were headed, of course, by Vasily Golitsyn. These campaigns were favorably received by the participants in the European anti-Ottoman coalition, but did not bring real success, resulting in high costs and heavy losses.

Prince Vasily Golitsyn with the text of “eternal peace” between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, signed with his active participation, and with the “sovereign gold” on his chest - a military award received for commanding the 1687 campaign against the Crimean Khanate. Photo: Public Domain

Ghost of Troubles

Meanwhile, Peter was growing up, and in January 1689, at less than 17 years old, at the insistence of his mother, he married Evdokia Lopukhina.

This was a very strong move on the part of the Naryshkin party. It was assumed that Sophia would remain regent until the brothers came of age, and according to Russian tradition, a married young man was considered an adult. Ivan married even earlier, and Sophia no longer had legal grounds to maintain power.

Peter tried to take power into his own hands, but in key positions there remained people appointed by Sophia, who reported only to her.

Nobody wanted to give in. Around Sophia there was talk that “Peter’s problem” needed to be solved radically.

On the night of August 7-8, 1689, several archers appeared in Preobrazhenskoye, reporting that an assassination attempt was being prepared on the Tsar. Without hesitating for a second, Peter ran under the protection of the powerful walls of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The next day his mother and wife went there, accompanied by a “funny army.” By that time, this army had long been “amusing” only in name, in reality representing a very formidable force, capable of defending the monastery for a long time in an attempt to storm it.

When Moscow learned about Peter's flight, fermentation began among the people. All this was very reminiscent of the beginning of a new Time of Troubles, and memories of the consequences of the previous one were still fresh in my memory.

Arrest of Sofia Alekseevna. Artist Konstantin Vershilov. Photo: Public Domain

Deprived of power

Meanwhile, Peter began to send orders to the Streltsy regiments to leave Moscow and arrive at the Lavra, threatening death for disobedience. Law in in this case was clearly on the side of Peter, and not his sister, and, having weighed all the pros and cons, the archers began to leave in regiments to the king. The boyars, who only yesterday had sworn allegiance to Sophia, followed suit.

The princess understood that time was playing against her. To persuade her brother to reconcile, she convinced the patriarch to go on a peacekeeping mission, but he remained with Peter.

In the monastery itself, Peter diligently portrayed the “correct tsar” - he wore Russian dress, went to church, minimized communication with foreigners and gained popularity.

Sophia made one last attempt - she herself went to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery to negotiate with her brother, but she was turned around on the way and ordered to return to Moscow.

The last supporter of Sophia, the head of the Streletsky order Fedor Shaklovity, were betrayed to Peter by his own confidants. He was soon executed.

It was announced to the princess that Ivan and Peter would take all power into their own hands, and she should go to the Holy Spirit Monastery in Putivl. Then Peter, deciding that Sophia should remain nearby, transferred her to the Novodevichy Convent in Moscow.

Grand Duchess Sophia in the Novodevichy Convent. Artist Ilya Repin. Photo: Public Domain

last try

Sophia was not tonsured a nun; she was given several richly decorated cells, an entire staff of servants was assigned to her, but she was prohibited from leaving the monastery and communicating with the outside world.

The princess would not be herself if she had not tried to take revenge. She observed the situation in the country and corresponded with her supporters. Peter's harsh style and radical reforms contributed to the growth of the number of dissatisfied people.

In 1698, when Peter was abroad with the Great Embassy, ​​a new Streltsy revolt broke out. Its participants, based on rumors, stated that a real king Peter died, he was replaced by a foreign “double” who wants to destroy Russia and Orthodox faith. The Sagittarius intended to free Sophia and restore her to power.

On June 18, 1698, the rebels were defeated by government troops 40 versts west of Moscow.

The first executions of riot participants took place just a few days after the defeat of the Streltsy. 130 people were hanged, 140 people were whipped and exiled, 1965 people were sent to cities and monasteries.

This, however, was just the beginning. Having urgently returned from a trip to Europe, Peter headed a new investigation, after which new executions followed in October 1698. In total, about 2,000 streltsy were executed, 601 were beaten, branded, and exiled. The persecution of the riot participants continued for another ten years, and the streltsy regiments themselves were soon disbanded.

During interrogations, the archers were asked to testify about the connection between the rebels and Sophia, but none of them betrayed the princess.

This, however, did not save her from new harsh measures from her brother. This time she was forcibly tonsured into a nun under the name Susanna, establishing an almost prison regime for the princess.

Sophia was not destined to gain freedom. She died on July 14, 1704 at the age of 46 and was buried in the Smolensk Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent.

There is a legend among Old Believers that the princess managed to escape along with 12 faithful archers and hide on the Volga. In the Old Believer skete of Sharpan there is a burial place of a certain “shema-montress Praskovya” surrounded by 12 unmarked graves. According to legend, these are the graves of Sophia and her associates.

It is difficult to believe this, if only because during her reign, Sophia tightened the laws under which the Old Believers were persecuted, and it is unlikely that representatives of this religious movement would shelter her. But people love beautiful legends...

Years of reign (regency): 1682 - 1689

From the biography

• Sophia is the daughter of Alexei Mikhailovich and his first wife Maria Miloslavskaya. She was regent during the childhood of Peter and Ivan
• She came to power during the Streltsy revolt in 1682 with the help of her favorite Vasily Golitsyn.
• Sophia was educated, beautiful, smart, but too ambitious, which led her to such an end - last years lived in captivity in the Novodevichy Convent.
• What's happened Holy League, which Russia joined in 1686? This is an alliance of the Holy Roman Empire, the Venetian Republic and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was formed in 1684 to fight against Turkey. Broken up in 1699

Historical portrait of Sophia

Activities

1.Domestic policy

2. Foreign policy

RESULTS OF ACTIVITY

• The role of the feudal elite in the state increased.
• Attempts have been made to put judicial proceedings in order.
• Education in Russia, including higher education, continued to develop and improve.
• The rights to Right Bank Ukraine and Kyiv were confirmed.
• The strategic foundations for the further struggle with Turkey for access to the Black Sea began to be laid, and Russia’s international authority increased. However, the security of the southern border was not achieved.

Chronology of Sophia's life and work

Sofya Alekseevna Romanova- born September 17, 1657. Princess, daughter of the king Alexey Mikhailovich, in 1682-1689, regent for his younger brothers Petre And Ivan. Princess Sofya Alekseevna born into a family Alexey Mikhailovich and his first wife - Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya.

Biography
Born on September 17, 1657 in Moscow. She was educated at home, knew Latin, spoke fluent Polish, wrote poetry, read a lot, and had beautiful handwriting. Her teachers were Simeon of Polotsk, Karion Istomin, Sylvester Medvedev, who from childhood instilled in her respect for the Byzantine princess Pulcheria, who achieved power under her sick brother Theodosius II. Trying to appear God-fearing and humble in public, Sophia From her youth she strove for complete power. A good education and natural tenacity of mind helped her win the trust of her father, the king Alexey Mikhailovich. Having lost her mother at the age of 14, she painfully experienced her father’s imminent second marriage to Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina and the birth of her half-brother Peter (the future Peter I). After my father's death I began to become interested state affairs: the country was ruled in 1676-1682 by her brother, Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, on whom she had strong influence. Sick, fond of poetry and church music, four years younger than his 19-year-old sister, Fyodor was not independent in his actions. Therefore, at first the widowed queen tried to manage the country Naryshkina, but the relatives and sympathizers of Fyodor and Sophia managed to moderate her activity for a while, sending her and her son Peter into “voluntary exile” to the village of Preobrazhenskoye near Moscow.

Personal qualities
Sophia was smart, powerful, ambitious, knew Polish, Latin, and even wrote poetry. Voltaire said about her: “The ruler had a lot of intelligence, composed poetry, wrote and spoke well, and combined many talents with a beautiful appearance; they were all overshadowed by her enormous ambition.”

Lacking the legal opportunity to ascend the throne, the princess nevertheless was excessively thirsty for power, which led to frequent conflicts, including with the people who supported her.
Achievements Sophia In 1682, the rebel archers ruled throughout Moscow and captured the Kremlin. "12 articles", on the basis of which thousands of people guilty of Old Belief were executed. Under Sophia, a deal beneficial for Russia was concluded "Eternal Peace" with Poland, the unfavorable Nerchinsk Treaty with China. In 1687 and 1689, under the leadership of Vasily Golitsyn, campaigns were undertaken against the Crimean Tatars, but they did not bring much benefit, although they strengthened the authority of Russia in the eyes of the allies. In 1687, the Hellenic-Greek Academy was formed - the first secular higher educational institution in Russia, from which the Imperial Moscow University was formed.

Foreign policy issues
Having strengthened my position, Sophia supported by Golitsyna took up foreign policy issues, regularly attending meetings of the Boyar Duma. In May 1684, Italian ambassadors arrived in Moscow. After talking with them, Sophia - unexpectedly for many adherents of antiquity and true faith - "granted freedom" religion for the Jesuits living in Moscow, thereby causing discontent of the patriarch. However, a flexible approach to foreign Catholics was required by the interests of foreign policy: guided by her teacher, the “pro-Westernist” S. Polotsky and with the support of Golitsyn, Sophia ordered the preparation of confirmation of the previously concluded Peace of Kardis with Sweden, and on August 10, 1684 concluded a similar peace with Denmark. Considering Russia's main task to be the fight against Turkey and the Crimean Khanate, in February-April 1686 Sophia sent Golitsyn to defend the country's interests in negotiations with Poland. They ended with the signing on May 6, 1686 "Eternal Peace" with her, who assigned Left Bank Ukraine, Kyiv and Smolensk to Russia. This peace, which granted freedom of Orthodox religion in Poland, conditioned all concessions on Russia's entry into the war with Turkey, which threatened the southern Polish lands. Bound by the obligation to start a war in 1687, the government of Sophia issued a decree on the start of the Crimean campaign. In February 1687, troops under the command of Golitsyn set off for the Crimea, but the campaign against Turkey’s ally, the Crimean Khanate, was unsuccessful. In June 1687, Russian troops turned back.

Governing body
Bye future Peter I was engaged in fun, his sister tried her best to gain a foothold in the role of ruler as firmly as possible. Eliminated Naryshkins , relatives of the mother of Peter I. To do this, she used the ever-rebellious rebel archers. After this, an uprising of schismatics arose, seeking the “old piety.” She moved the “Debate on Faith” to the palace, this helped isolate religious leaders from the crowd and avoid major riots. And then, by order of Sophia, the main instigators of the riot were captured and executed. The rest were persecuted, and the most ardent supporters of the split were publicly burned. Following the schismatics, Sophia pacified the archers. Their leader, Prince Khovansky, who showed disrespect for Sophia and her allies, was executed. At the head of the Streltsy order, Sophia placed her accomplice, the Duma clerk Slakovity. Her merits include the conclusion of an extremely profitable "eternal peace" with Poland. According to the agreement, Russia received Kyiv, Smolensk and control over the left bank part of Little Russia. But when Pyotr Alekseevich turned seventeen, he decided to rule on his own. Sophia was removed from power. All her allies were executed, and she herself was imprisoned in the Novodevichy Convent. During Peter's absence in Russia, the archers tried to raise an uprising and return Sophia's throne, but the uprising was brutally suppressed.

Cultural life
The failures of the military campaign were compensated by the successes of the cultural and ideological plan: in September 1687, a Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy- the first higher educational institution in Russia, which gave Sophia the status of an educated and enlightened ruler. The Tsar's court began to turn into the center of scientific and cultural life in Moscow. Construction revived, the Kremlin walls were updated, and the construction of the Big Stone Bridge near the Kremlin across the Moscow River began.

Taking the vows as a nun
On October 21, 1698, Sofya Alekseevna was forcibly tonsured a nun under the name Susanna. Sofya Alekseevna was imprisoned in the Novodevichy Convent. She died on July 3, 1704, having adopted the schema under the name of Sophia before her death. She was buried in the Smolensk Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent.

Deposition of Sofia Alekseevna
May 30, 1689 Peter I turned 17 years old. He married Evdokia Lopukhina and entered the age of majority. An atmosphere of hostility and mistrust established between the Kremlin and Preobrazhensky, where Peter lived. Each side suspected the other of intending to resolve the confrontation by force. On the night of August 7-8, several archers arrived in Preobrazhenskoye and reported to the Tsar about the impending attempt on his life. Peter was frightened and rode off on horseback to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. The next morning, Queens Natalya and Evdokia went there under the escort of the entire amusing army. In Moscow, the news of the tsar’s flight from Preobrazhenskoye made a stunning impression: everyone understood that civil strife had begun, threatening great bloodshed. Sophia asked Patriarch Joachim to go to Trinity in order to persuade Peter to reconcile, but the patriarch did not return to Moscow, preferring to stay with the king. On August 27, a royal decree, signed by Peter, came from Trinity, demanding that all Streltsy colonels appear at the disposal of the Tsar, accompanied by ordinary Streltsy, 10 people from each regiment, for failure to comply - the death penalty.
Sophia forbade the archers to leave Moscow, also on pain of death. Sophia felt that time was working against her, and decided to personally negotiate with younger brother, for which she went to Trinity, accompanied by a small guard, but in the village of Vozdvizhenskoye she was detained by a rifle squad, and the steward I. Buturlin and Prince Troekurov, who were sent to meet her, announced to her that the tsar would not accept her, and if she tried to continue her journey to Trinity, force will be applied to her. Sophia returned to Moscow. This failure of Sophia became widely known, and the flight of archers, clerks and boyars from Moscow became more frequent. In Trinity they were greeted favorably by the boyar Prince B.A. Golitsyn is Peter's chief adviser.
At Trinity, Peter led the exemplary life of a Moscow Tsar: he attended all services, spent the remaining time in councils with members of the boyar duma and in conversations with church hierarchs, rested only with his family, wore Russian dress, and did not accept Germans.
Sophia lost her supporters one after another: at the beginning of September, the mercenary foreign infantry, the most combat-ready part of the Russian army, left for Trinity, led by General P. Gordon. There she swore allegiance to the king, who personally came out to meet her. The highest dignitary of the government of Sophia, “the royal great seal and guardian of state great embassy affairs,” Prince V.V. Golitsyn went to his Medvedkovo estate near Moscow and withdrew from the political struggle. Only the head of the Streltsy Prikaz, F.L., actively supported the ruler. Shaklovity, who tried by all means to keep the archers in Moscow. A new decree came from the tsar - to seize Shaklovity and deliver him to Trinity in irons to be searched for the assassination attempt on the tsar, and everyone who supports Shaklovity will share his fate. The archers who remained in Moscow demanded that Sophia hand over Shaklovity. She initially refused, but was forced to give in. Shaklovity was taken to Trinity, confessed under torture and was beheaded. One of the last to appear at Trinity was Prince V.V. Golitsyn, where he was not allowed to see the king, and was exiled with his family to Kargopol. The ruler had no people left who were willing to risk their lives for her interests, and when Peter demanded that Sophia retire to the Novodevichy Convent, she had to obey. She was kept in custody at the monastery. During the Streltsy uprising of 1698, the Streltsy, according to investigators, intended to call her to the throne. After the rebellion was suppressed, Sophia was tonsured a nun under the name of Susanna. She died in 1704. She was buried in the Smolensk Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent in Moscow.

Interesting fact
In the Old Believer monastery Sharpan there is a burial place of the schema-montress Praskovya(“Tsarina’s grave”) surrounded by 12 unmarked graves. Old Believers consider this Praskovya princess Sophia, allegedly fleeing from Novodevichy Convent with 12 archers.