When you take on the renovation of your apartment yourself, you should have an idea of the materials that you will use. When making any major or cosmetic repairs, you cannot do without paint and varnish materials.
If you come across a knowledgeable salesperson in a store who also doesn’t mind helping you choose paint, you’re in luck. But not everyone is always lucky. Therefore, you often have to choose for yourself, and there is plenty to choose from.
In terms of their constituent components, paints are not always compatible with each other and with other coatings to which they are to be applied. Therefore, it is better to immediately choose paints that are compatible with each other, so that you do not have to bitterly regret wasted money and time.
On the label of any paint you can see its composition, but usually this is an alphanumeric code, which we will look into.
Paints and varnishes based on polycondensation resins
AU - alkyd-urethane
UR - polyurethane
GF - glypthal
FA - phenolic alkyd
KO - organosilicon
FL - phenolic
ML - melamine
CG - cyclohexanone
MP - urea (carbamide)
EP - epoxy
PL - polyester saturated
PE - unsaturated polyester
ET - ethrifthalic
PF - pentaphthalic
EF - epoxy ester
Paints and varnishes based on polymerization resins
AK - polyacrylate
MS - oil-alkyd styrene
VA - polyvinyl acetate
NP - petroleum polymer
VL - polyvinyl acetal
FP - fluoroplastic
BC - based on vinyl acetate copolymers
HS - based on vinyl chloride copolymers
HV - perchlorovinyl
KCh - rubber
Paints and varnishes based on natural resins
AC - alkyd-acrylic
BT - bitumen
SHL - shellac
KF - rosin
YAN - amber
MA - oil
Paints and varnishes based on cellulose ethers
AB - cellulose acetobutyrate
NC - cellulose nitrate
AC - cellulose acetate
EC - ethylcellulose
The first digit after the letter code indicates the purpose of the paint or resistance to certain conditions:
1 - weatherproof
2 - resistant indoors
3 - for preservation of metal products
4 - resistant to hot water
5 - for non-hard surfaces
6 - resistant to petroleum products
7 - resistant to aggressive environments
8 - heat resistant
9 - electrical insulating
0 - varnish, primer, semi-finished product
00 - putty
Sometimes, to clarify the specific properties of the paint and varnish coating, a letter index is placed after the number: B - high-viscosity; M - matte; N - with filler; PM - semi-matte; PG - reduced flammability.
For putties and primers, after a zero or zeros indicates what drying oil it was made with:
1 - natural drying oil;
2 - drying oil "Oxol"
3 - glyphthalic drying oil
4 - pentaphthalic drying oil
5 - combined drying oil
Compatibility of paint materials
Having information about the composition of the paint, it is easy to select the primer and putty that are suitable for the binding components. But if you don’t have one at hand, there are options for compatibility of unlike connecting components:
Paint - Compatible Old Coatings
AS - AK, VL, MCH, PF, FL, HV, EP
MS - AK, AS, VG, GF, PF, FL
AU - VL, GF, FL, EP
GF - AK, VL, CF, PF, FL, EP
KF - VL, GF, MS, PF, FL
CC - VL, FL, HV, HS, EP
KO - AK, VG
MA - VL, CF, MS, GF, PF, FL
ML - AK, VL, GF, CF, MS, MC, PS, FL, EP, EF
MCH - AK, VL, GF, CF, ML, PF, FL, EP, EF
NC - AK, VL, GF, CF, PF, FL
AK - VL, GF, MC, FP, EP, EF
HV - AK, VL, GF, CF, ML, MS, PF, FL, HS, EP, EF
UR - AK, VL, GF, PF, FL
PE - VL, GF, KF, ML, MS, PF, FP
PF - AK, VL, GF, KF, FL, EP, EF
HS - AK, VL, GF, KF, PF, FL, HV, EP
EP - AK, VG, VL, GF, PF, FL, HS, EF
EF - VL, CF, ML, FL
ET - VL, GF, MC, PF, FL, EP
Primer - Compatible putties
AK - GF, MS, NC, PF, HV
AU - GF, PF
VL - GF, CF, MS, PF
GF - KF, MS, NC, PF
KF - GF, MS, NC, PF
ML - GF, MS, PF
MCH - GF, MS, PF
NC - GF, CF, NC, PE
PF - GF, KF, MS, NC, PF, PE, HV
FL - GF, CF, MS, NC, PF, PE, HV
HV - HV
HS - XV
EP - GF, CF, MS, PF
EF - GF, MS, PF
Paint - Compatible putties
AS - GF, CF, MS, NC, PF
AU - GF, CF, PF
GF - GF, CF, MS, PF
MA - GF, CF, MS, PF
ML - GF, MS, PF
MS - GF, CF, MS, PF
MCH - GF, MS, PF
NC - GF, NC, PF
PF - GF, CF, MS, PF
PE - GF, KF, MS, PF
HV - PE, HV
HS - PE, HV
EP - GF, PF, EP
ET - GF, MS, PF
Of course, you don’t have to comply with the compatibility requirements described above, but then get ready for the fact that the repair will have to be redone very soon.
If except decorative effect If you need to protect surfaces from the destructive effects of various aggressive environments, it is better to buy high-quality Belinka paint. This acrylic ceiling paint fits perfectly on almost any surface - from perfectly prepared to old coatings.
Reviews from site visitors:
I rarely had to deal with acrylic materials.
First of all, these were acrylic varnishes, which were positioned as varnishes that, unlike polyurethanes, do not turn yellow over time. In principle, this is how it turned out. But there were also disadvantages: acrylic materials were more expensive and took longer to dry, which is critical when painting deadlines are tight and the painting area is poorly heated. And if the varnish has not dried properly, then problems arise with polishing it, the varnish begins to roll off.
Secondly, I had to work with acrylic paints when problems arose with metallic paint, which was made on the basis of water-based paint. The paint supplier suggested making metallic based on acrylic paint and, as time has shown, it was the right choice.
There is the following misconception about what it is acrylic facades. Acrylic facades are called furniture facades, which are covered with acrylic plastic, plastic and paint are two different things. So, don’t be confused about what acrylic facades are.
- Comparison of formulations
- Features of alkyd paint
- Advantages
- Flaws
- Advantages
- Flaws
- Main differences
- Is it possible to combine enamels?
- What not to do
- Conclusion
The article compares alkyd and acrylic primers, identifying the main differences in composition. The compatibility of paints with each other and which one is more suitable for coating wood is described.
Comparison of formulations
The basis of acrylic paint is a polymer emulsion - acrylic mixed with pigments. The solvent is ordinary water, so the material does not have a strong odor. Acrylic is known as liquid glass and is used as a binder in other building mixtures. It also contains improving additives that affect the viscosity and temperature stability of the solution and the finished coating.
Alkyd, or oil, enamel consists of alkyd varnish, coloring pigments, and kerosene solvent (white spirit). Additional additives may be included: antiseptics, antifungal, fire-fighting additives. This enamel is often used to coat wood products. When working, careful ventilation of the premises is required: the composition has a sharp, specific odor.
Features of alkyd paint
You can find varnishes and paints.
The varnish is based on alkyd and solvents. It contains no pigments. The solution is used as a primer for other finishing coatings and as an antiseptic for wood.
The paint contains pigments. Can perform the function of surface protection. It can be glossy or matte, but this does not affect the quality of the coating in any way.
Varnish and primer of the same base have good compatibility. They can be used on one surface or mixed.
Advantages
- Wide color range.
- Easy to apply, good distribution over the surface.
- The layers dry quickly.
- Resistant to cleaning.
- Suitable for interior and exterior work.
- Affordable price.
Flaws
- Strong smell.
- Low UV resistance. The coating quickly fades in the sun.
- Hardness has a negative impact on service life. Dried enamel is inelastic and does not withstand linear expansion of the surface. After a few years it cracks and requires updating.
If you need to use alkyd paint outdoors, you should choose a composition with additives. It is better to place the painted product in the shade.
Acrylic paint: features of use
Acrylic polymer is plastic. The dried coating layer is capable of stretching and shrinking with minor changes in the size of the base. The paint does not crack after frost. So that the composition adheres well to the surface wooden product, necessary:
- Remove the old coating from the base and sand the surface.
- Prime the material with special compounds to prevent rotting and pest proliferation.
The acrylic base must be dried and free of dust. The coloring composition is diluted with ordinary water and applied to walls, ceilings, and products with a brush or roller. The paint spreads well over the prepared base.
Advantages
- Does not change color in the sun or at high temperatures.
- Thanks to its elasticity, the coating does not peel off or crack.
- Long service life - at least 8 years for wood, about 20 for metal and plaster;
- The composition protects surfaces from moisture and corrosion.
- No pungent odor. The paint does not highlight harmful substances, it is safe to work with it even without protective equipment.
Flaws
- High price.
- A long period of gaining operational strength - about a month.
- A good, high-quality composition is difficult to find.
Main differences
The properties of the materials are presented in the table.
Compatibility of coloring agents
There is no need to combine formulations. Alcides - good primer For wooden surfaces. It is also suitable as a finishing varnish if applied in several layers.
Acrylic paint is elastic, it is optimal to use it on products subject to linear expansion due to temperature changes and humidity changes.
Is it possible to combine enamels?
To work on the same surface, you need to use products on the same basis.
Soft compounds can be applied to hard surfaces, but not vice versa.
Alkyd enamel is hard, works as a primer under a varnish layer or a softer coating. Acrylic is an elastic covering material. Can be applied to oily, dried or old bases. But in this case, the service life of the finishing layer is reduced by 2 times.
The combination is suitable for wood. On surfaces made of other materials there is no point in mixing layers.
What not to do
Do not apply alkyd enamel to acrylic surface. If this is still necessary, you need to remove as much of the old coating as possible, sand it thoroughly, then prime it.
Do not mix dissimilar components. Acrylic-alkyd enamel can only be produced industrially using special technologies. It is not used in construction.
Conclusion
The article compares two materials. It's impossible to say which one is better. When choosing, you need to take into account the expected service life of the coating, operating conditions, quality of the finished surface, and budget for repairs.
Compatibility of finishing paints and varnishes with primers (or old paints and varnishes) Type of paintwork Type of primers VD AK AS AU VL GF ML MC PF UR FL XV EP HS VD + AK + + + + + + AS + + + + + + + + AU + + + + + GF + + + + + + + KO + MA + + + + ML + + + + + + + + MS + + + + + MC + + + + + + + + NC + + + ХВ + + + + + + + + + UR + + + + + PF + + + + + + + EP + + + + + + + + + ХС + + + + + + + + Paints and primers: VD - water-borne ; AC - alkyd-acrylic; AU - alkyd-urethane; EP - alkyd-epoxy or epoxy; GF - glypthal; KO - organosilicon; MA - oil; ML - melamine; MS - oil and alkyd styrene; MP - urea; NC - nitrocellulose; AK - polyacrylic; HV - polyvinyl chloride or perchlorovinyl; UR - polyurethane; PF - pentaphthalic; CS - copolymer-vinyl chloride; VL - polyvinyl acetal; AK - polyacrylate; FL - phenolic
Subsequent coating designation
Oil, oil-resin
Alkyd
Bitumen and pitch
Vinyl-pitch and chlorinated rubber-pitch
Vinyl
Polyvinyl-butyral
Chlorine rubber
Epoxy ester
Epoxy
Epoxy-pitch
Polyurethane
Krenium-organic
Zinc silicate on liquid glass
Notes:
"+" - can be applied
"-" - cannot be applied
"digital" - can be applied with the following restrictions:
1. In case the epoxy ester film-forming agent is diluted
white spirit;
2. If bitumen and pitches do not penetrate (do not migrate) to the surface
3. When applying anti-fouling enamel, it is advisable to use
intermediate to prevent diffusion of toxins into bitumen
(pitch) underlying layers;
4. After adhesion testing due to the variety of incoming solvents;
5. After roughening or tack coating;
6. After use for at least 3 months.
When choosing shop-grade primers, it is necessary to take into account their compatibility with the coating systems used in the future. For the right choice should be guided by the table. 2. (recommendations of the ISO 12944-5 standard).
Table 3.2
Compatibility of shop-floor (factory) primers with paints and varnishes based on various film-forming agents
Factory primer
Compatibility with paints and varnishes
Binder type
Anti-corrosion pigment
Alkyd
Chlorinated rubber
Vinyl
Acrylic
Epoxy1)
Polyurethane
Silicate / with zinc powder
Bituminous
1. Alkyd
Mixed
2. Polyvinyl-butyral
Mixed
3. Epoxy
Mixed
4. Epoxy
Zinc powder
5. Silicate
Zinc powder
Notes:
"+" - Compatible
"(+)" - Check for compatibility with the participation of the paint manufacturer
"-" - No compatibility
1) - Including combinations with epoxies, for example, based on coal tar varnish.
