Pipe from a stove in a wooden house. How to choose the right chimney and install it yourself

Correct installation of a chimney is the key to a long and safe work heating system both in the house and in the bathhouse. It is possible to do it yourself, but if you have even the slightest doubt about your abilities, it is better to entrust this task to professionals. They will make calculations and help you choose best view chimney, a gas exhaust and ventilation system will be installed, and the owner of the house will only have to independently inspect and clean the chimney.

The chimney in a private house is most often built invisible to the eye. This can be done even at the planning stage of building a house. If there are several chimneys in the house, then they are combined into one or two devices.

Device steel chimney in a private house

The design of the chimney depends on functional features devices for which they are intended. The complexity and configuration of the chimney depends on their location and power.

Types of chimneys:

• ventilation,
• gas outlets,
• smoke

Ventilation systems

Main function ventilation pipes is that they help remove polluted air masses from the room.

Ventilation ducts must be in those places where the room is least ventilated. It is especially important to place such pipes in the kitchen area, bathroom, and toilet.

Gas exhaust systems

Gas exhaust chimney pipes are used if the house uses gas system heating. They remove combustion products outside the room, and thus ensure the safety of using the heating system. Pipes must be able to withstand a variety of influences harmful substances. As soon as combustion products enter the chimney, they immediately react with the moisture that is already in the pipe. As a result of this, an oxidation process occurs, which can cause destruction or internal deformation of the pipe. Also, such a chimney helps to increase draft.

Smoke pipes

Chimneys are used when heating equipment that runs on solid fuel is installed in the house - these can be stoves or fireplaces. There are most of them in the house, which is why they are often combined into one or more.

Chimney pipes

The chimney design is quite simple; it involves the use of special pipes through which polluted air or combustion products are discharged outside the room.

Pipes are:

• brick,
• metal,
• ceramic,
• polymer.

Distinctive features of a brick chimney

Despite the fact that today it is very large number materials that can be used to construct a chimney, brick chimneys have still been very popular for many years.

This type of chimney has its advantages. It cannot be plastered inside, which will help save on finishing materials. It is also worth considering that the masonry of a brick chimney must have a joint of 1 cm. If it is recommended to use cement-lime or lime mortar indoors, then in the upper part of the building you can already use ordinary concrete mixture for masonry.

Advice. In order to use a brick chimney in a house, it is necessary to make a more powerful foundation for the building - brick will add extra load to the walls of the building and to its foundation.

In addition to the advantages, there are also a certain number of design disadvantages. Brick, due to its rough surface, can accumulate dirt. That is why such a pipe becomes clogged with soot very quickly.

Since combustion products exit through a brick chimney, oxygen condensate is formed, which makes the brick pipe susceptible to destruction. It happens that a piece of brick breaks off and falls into the pipe. All this can significantly narrow the chimney channel and make it difficult for air masses to escape.

To ensure a long service life of a brick chimney, it is recommended to insert an asbestos-cement pipe inside. The gap between the brick and the pipe is filled with concrete mortar.

Ceramic structures

Ceramic pipes are ready-made structures for constructing a chimney. They are for sale modular design. Its inner tube is made of acid-resistant, heat-resistant and durable ceramic.

Ceramic chimney pipes have a number of advantages and have a very smooth surface. Thanks to this, soot does not accumulate on it, which is formed as a result of the passage of contaminated air masses formed during the combustion process.

Like brick chimneys, ceramic chimneys are quite heavy. It is for this reason that it is worth using a foundation for the structure.

Metal chimneys

As for metal pipes for chimney construction, they have recently become very popular due to their lightness. They also have a smooth surface, which eliminates the accumulation of soot. Accordingly, the air will flow much better.

Read also

Ventilation in a multi-storey apartment building

High-quality thermal insulation is quite simple. For this purpose it is used basalt wool, which is laid inside the pipe. It will only be necessary to correctly determine the thickness of the material, since a large thickness can completely or partially block the pipe and it will be very difficult for air masses to escape.

As a rule, metal chimneys are made of stainless steel, which is very resistant to all climatic, weather and other influences.

Modern chimney pipes are polymer structures. The pipe itself is very soft and has quite a small weight. The chimney will be distinguished by its practicality and durability. You can install the pipe yourself, and any beginner can handle it.

Most often, polymer pipes are used if the house has a system gas heating(boilers or columns). Such pipes can only be inserted into a chimney that is made of brick.

Types of chimneys

Today there are two types of chimney structures: a structure located inside the building and a chimney outside the house. They differ not only in the materials from which they can be constructed, but also in size and type.

Typically, brick or ceramic pipes are used to build a chimney inside a house. It is more rational to use metal chimneys outdoors, as they are resistant to temperature changes and are not exposed to moisture.

A chimney inside the house can also be made in two ways, more about this in the video

The chimney can be used in both brick and wooden buildings. Only the chimney in a wooden house must be properly constructed, since wood chars very quickly. There is a special technology for constructing a chimney in a wooden structure.

Construction of a chimney in a wooden house

Most often, there are several chimneys in a wooden house. But the number of such structures largely depends on the amount of equipment used in the house. The house must have a heating system with a separate chimney and may have a fireplace, which also has a separate chimney.

All chimney structures in the house must be installed on the roof of the building and made in compliance with all norms and standards.

In order to properly build a chimney in a wooden house, you need to draw up project documentation and contact specialists in this field who can correctly draw up a chimney project.

The life safety of everyone living in the house depends on a properly built chimney, and the equipment itself will work better. The latter applies to gas heating boilers and pipes for fireplaces.

The chimney in a wooden house should only be in a vertical position. Of course, there is an exception to the rule. You can build it with a deviation that is no more than 30 degrees from the vertical position. If it is necessary to bring the pipes outside, and this cannot be done without moving the chimney pipe, then the size of such a transfer can be no more than 100 cm.

As for the removal of the chimney on the roof of the building, it will largely depend on the type of roof and the type of roof itself.

Advice. When building a chimney on the roof, it is worth considering the direction of the wind, which is most common in this region. This is necessary due to the fact that if the chimney pipe is connected to a heating boiler, then wind masses can enter the pipe and thereby cause intermittent combustion of the fuel substance.

If there is, then the smoke exhaust pipe must be constructed with high quality. This will prevent smoke from entering the room and allow it to escape outside.

Recently, a chimney for a fireplace in a wooden house is quite complex design, which uses pipe-in-pipe technology.

The chimney itself consists of three components:

• stainless steel pipes;
• layer of thermal insulation material;
• steel pipe.

Initially, a stainless steel pipe is wrapped in heat-insulating material, which can be secured to it using wire or any other material. After that finished design inserted into metal pipe, which will have a larger diameter than the inner one.

In addition to this method of constructing a chimney, there is another way; a plastic stocking is used for this. Its main advantage is that it heats up very quickly and cools down quickly. It can also be used when it is necessary to make a fairly large number of chimney passages.

Homeowners, as a rule, take the organization of heating in their homes very seriously, choose the safest boiler models, and turn to experienced stove makers. However, what is sometimes overlooked is that incorrect chimney installation is often even more dangerous.

Chimney pipe – essential element heating system in a private house, the assembly of which is carried out in accordance with building regulations and fire safety requirements. Installation of a chimney carried out without following these rules is fraught with irreversible consequences - a fire or poisoning in the house carbon monoxide. Today’s article will tell you about the types of chimneys, their design and installation methods.

The chimney pipe serves to transfer smoke and combustion products into the atmosphere; it starts from the inlet pipe of the heating device in the house and ends above the roof ridge with a protective umbrella. In private construction, the following types are mainly used:

The material from which the chimney is made can be selected correctly based on three factors: compliance with the material of the heating device, low thermal conductivity and tightness of the connections.

Chimney outlet methods

The main task of the chimney is to remove smoke outside the house, which can be organized in several ways. The choice of pipe insertion location depends on the location of the heating device, free space and type of chimney. The following pipe placement options are used:

External placement is well suited for the bulky structure of a brick chimney, and if a metal pipe is routed through the wall, you will have to take care of additional insulation or use special sandwich pipes.

Chimney requirements

The selection of elements is carried out taking into account the requirements technical characteristics heating device. In order for the system to operate smoothly, the basic principles of chimney design must be observed:

1. A round shape is preferable, since combustion products and dust accumulate in the corners of the pipe. Round chimneys require cleaning less often than rectangular and square ones.
2. The cross-section of the pipe should not be less than the diameter of the heating device pipe. It is calculated that for every kilowatt of power, 8 square meters are required to ensure the proper level of thrust. cm sections. Usually information about required size the chimney is contained in the instructions for the heating device.
3. Each heating device requires the installation of its own chimney. In some cases, you can deviate from this rule, but then the devices must be located at a different height, the distance between the connection points is 1 m or more. And the size of the pipe cross-section should take into account the total power of the heat generators.
4. The total length of the horizontal sections of the chimney cannot exceed 1 m; violation of this rule reduces the draft force.
5. The chimney ends 0.5-1.5 m above the ridge, on a flat roof - 0.5 m above the surface.

The main criterion for selecting pipes is fire safety requirements and compliance with the heat-generating device, appearance, aesthetics and saving space inside the house are secondary.

Installation sequence

Installation internal chimney begins with drawing up a diagram and calculation required quantity pipe segments. To assemble correctly, the device is performed in the following order:

Scheme of the chimney outlet through the corrugated roof

After installation is completed, it is necessary to start the heating system, check the draft and tightness of the connections - even a small amount of smoke indicates serious problems, the solution of which is unsafe to postpone.

Installing a chimney in a house is a responsible undertaking, the quality of which determines the comfort and safety of operation of the heating system, so follow the manufacturers’ recommendations and installation technology.

Video instructions

Installing a chimney in a wooden house is a rather complex and responsible process that requires certain skills and attention from a specialist. After all, the wood from which the walls of the building are made begins to char already at 200 degrees, while stable combustion of firewood in the firebox begins at 300 degrees.

To do this, it is important to follow all the rules for installing a chimney in a wooden house in order to protect your property from fire, and also to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.

Preconditions for choosing a chimney

For many millennia, people have lived in houses made of wood and comfortably use various stoves, fireplaces and hearths. Of course, during this period considerable experience has been accumulated, which at the moment reflected in construction and installation regulations. Of course, the installation of a chimney in a building of this type is also regulated by documents taken as a basis by the relevant government agencies.

IN guidance document SNiP 41-01-2003, relating to heating, ventilation and air conditioning, contains basic information that regulatory authorities take into account. It states that it is prohibited to place flammable components at a distance closer than 130 mm from concrete or brick pipes. As for ceramic pipes, they must be removed to an even greater distance - 250 mm.

Since wood is considered one of the most flammable materials, and many insulation materials are also susceptible to rapid flare-ups, it is important to ensure that these elements are kept away from the chimney itself.

Brick chimney

Even due to the fact that new materials for arranging chimneys are constantly appearing on the market, brick still remains one of the most popular types. When installing a brick chimney, it will be useful to know the following:

1. The masonry should be supported by bandaging, inside the building - on cement-limestone or all-limestone mortar, and above the roof, cement mortar is used.
2. Based on the rules that regulate stove work, chimneys must be made of solid red brick with a seam of no more than 10 mm. It is not allowed to carry out plastering work on the inner surface of the pipe.
3. The heavy weight of the chimney must be supported by a suitable foundation.
4. Exposure to acid condensate destroys brickwork, debris of which can get inside and reduce the cross-section of the channel.
5. In mind uneven surface bricks, a layer of soot settles inside the structure.

To reduce some negative impacts, experts recommend pouring concrete into the space between the asbestos-cement pipe and the brick. This method is called sleeve.

Overlap between floors

There is an option for passing the chimney through a wooden ceiling. It can be divided into types using two-layer asbestos and without it. In the first case, the distance between the pipe and wooden beam will be equal to the length of one brick, namely - 250 mm. Another option assumes a distance from the chimney to the floor beam of at least 380 mm.

Wall

Wall wooden house must be completely removed from the chimney by at least 25 cm, including the distance from the “smoke” to the tree. If asbestos is not used as an insulating layer, then this figure increases to 38 cm.

For new log houses, it is advantageous to use a plank board installed on the wall using the sliding fit method, as this compensates for the settlement of the log house. For air circulation in the chimney, holes are made in the side walls at the top and bottom. Wooden floors in a retreat are covered with one layer of brick or some other fireproof type of material.

How to remove the chimney through the roof? The following rules will help you:

• It is important to maintain the distance between the outside surface of the pipe and wooden rafters. The minimum indicator must be at least 130 mm.
• This gap is fixed with stone wool.
• If you plan to use flammable materials for roofing, then you need to increase the distance to 260 mm.
• In those places where the chimney is in direct contact with the roof, fireproof materials must be used. You can slate, however, the best option is roofing steel. In this case, the distance must be at least 500 mm between these elements.

Height of pipe above roof covering

This parameter can be calculated as follows:

1) No less 500 mm if available flat roof or the location of the chimney near the ridge.
2) Not less 500 mm above the ridge, if the pipe axis exit distance is less 1.5 m from the ridge or parapet.
3) Not lower than the roof ridge if the o axis comes out t 1.5 to 3 m from the ridge.
4) Not lower than the presented line, which can be drawn from the ridge to the horizon at an angle of 10 degrees, if the chimney has an axis more than 3 m from the ridge.

Ceramic chimneys

Recently, the popularity of ceramic chimneys for installation in a wooden house has increased significantly. This may be due to the fact that:

• This modular system completely factory ready for assembly
• The ceramics used have high heat resistance, acid resistance and durability
• Due to the smoothness of the material, a large amount of soot does not accumulate inside the structure, as, for example, in brick chimneys.
• They require a solid foundation due to their considerable weight.

Metal chimneys

It is impossible not to note the stable demand for chimneys made of sandwich pipes.

1. They are easy and simple to install
2. Due to its lightness, it does not require additional foundation
3. Thermal insulation is ensured by filling with basalt wool during installation
4. The air flow of the draft circulates continuously and is not disturbed over time due to the smoothness interior walls chimney. This also controls soot settling.
5. High-quality stainless steel, which is used for the internal channel, ensures the safety and durability of the system.

When choosing a chimney, do not forget about the possible temperatures of the flue gases. To do this, you should choose the material based on the thickness of the inner wall of the pipe. This indicator is:

• From 0.5 mm for diesel, gas and pellet boilers.
• From 0.8 to 1.0 mm for sauna stoves and fireplaces, as well as conventional stoves.
• From 1.0 mm for coal boilers.

The thermal insulation layer, which is used for stoves, fireplaces and coal boilers, must have a thickness up to 100 mm. If it comes to automated boilers, then this figure can be halved.

Overlap

As already mentioned, one of the unsurpassed conveniences is the availability and selection of ready-made elements for your chimney. If one supplier can't supply you with the parts you need, you can quickly find another that can offer you a complete kit.

1. When solving the problem of interfloor slabs, you can use factory cutting.
2. It may be called attic or interfloor.
3. The inner diameter of the sandwich pipe must be commensurate with the outer diameter.
4. A hole is cut square shape, which fits the corresponding part of the cut. If desired, you can make it with a reserve in order to wrap the metal with an additional layer of non-combustible basalt.
5. Next, the chimney is drawn directly through the resulting hole.
6. At the final stage, the space is filled with basalt wool.

It is necessary to pay special attention to the joints of chimney pipes. It is important that they do not get into the ceiling and remain outside the structure.

Roof installation

This process can be compared to solving the overlap problem. Ready-made roof trim is widely used in this case. It comes in various sizes and different slope angles.

1. Do not forget that the passage assembly is much more complex than that of the ceiling passage.
2. On each side, the offset from the pipe to the tree should be at least 250 mm. From above, the hole and chimney are covered with a roof, protecting it from external influences.
3. Above the roof, a kopinik is put on the chimney pipe, which is clamped with a clamp for tightness. It protects the structure from precipitation.
4. The gap between the rafters and the chimney is filled with non-combustible mineral wool, and then closes with bottom side metal reflector.

Chimney in the wall

In many cases, sandwich chimneys are installed outside the house and discharged through external wall. This has its advantages, such as the absence of the need for complex passages through the roof and ceilings. In addition, the level of fire hazard is reduced. With this arrangement of the chimney, a horizontal passage is added through a vertical wall.

Considering such a structure from the point of view of thermal insulation, we can say that such a unit does not differ from an interfloor unit in its parameters. The difficulty is that over time the log wall can shrink, so it is necessary to do additional planting of the cutting. It is worth remembering safety measures, especially when installing a chimney in a bathhouse. In this case, for wood and coal boilers, as well as wood stoves and fireplaces, a spark arrester is installed.

Install heating equipment after completion construction work. To install a combustion product exhaust system, a chimney is removed through the wall. The design consists of several connected pipes made of steel or other modern materials. Attaching the chimney to the wall with your own hands is not difficult. To do this, you need to understand its structure and follow safety rules.

Chimney design

The optimal pipe length for smoke removal is from 5 to 10 m. If the structure is made shorter than the ridge, there will be poor draft. With a length exceeding 10 m, strong draft will provoke excessive combustion, therefore, fuel consumption will increase.

There is less soot deposited on a smooth inner surface, so a metal pipe is increasingly being used when installing a chimney.

They are gradually being relegated to the background, as they take up space in the room and need to be cleaned more often than chimneys made of modern materials.

When installing a chimney through a wall and then installing it outside the house, you need to install a protective box.

Advantages of an external chimney

The chimney outlet through the wall is used in modern construction more often than the construction of brick structures.

Advantages:

• the external chimney system does not take up space in the house, unlike brick chimneys;
• can be installed in a house built a long time ago when replacing the system;
• is the best option for two-story buildings, there is no need to cut holes in the ceilings;
• does not violate the integrity of the roof;
• easy and quick installation.

An external smoke exhaust system can be installed either immediately after completion of construction work or after a long time after the house is put into operation.

Flaws

Like any type of building structure, an external smoke exhaust system has not only advantages, but also disadvantages:

• the outer parts of the pipe must be insulated;
• for a chimney mounted through a wall, the coefficient useful action lower than vertical design, brought out through the roof.

It is necessary to think over the location of the chimney structure so that it fits harmoniously into the design of the building.

What you need to know

There are rules that must be followed when installing the system:

• It is important to correctly calculate the diameter of the pipe. It depends on the boiler power and other parameters. If you purchase a pipe of the wrong (small) cross-section, smoke may occur due to reduced draft. High thrust with an excessively wide pipe will increase fuel consumption.
• When passing a chimney through a wall, a right angle (90 degrees) must be maintained.

The optimal distance between fasteners is considered to be 60 cm, the maximum step should not exceed 100 cm.

Sandwich pipe for chimney

Sandwich pipes for a chimney are a structure of two pipes nested one inside the other. The gap is filled with heat-insulating material with fire-resistant characteristics. Stone wool is most often used as insulation. The thickness of the layer affects the thermal stability of the entire structure and varies from 3 to 10 cm.

The pipes are made of stainless steel. Galvanized material can only be used when using wall-mounted gas boilers and low-power water heaters.

The thickness of stainless steel varies from 0.5 to 1 mm. The grade of stainless steel is chosen depending on its purpose.

The best option when installing a chimney in a wooden house is to use a sandwich pipe. During boiler operation thermal insulation layer takes on the thermal load from the inner pipe. This prevents excessive overheating of the outer part of the chimney. This reduces the likelihood of a fire.

Stainless steel for sandwich pipes

The table shows the most commonly used stainless steel grades and their characteristics:

Low-cost models are used for the outer casing; more heat-resistant brands are used for the inside of the chimney.

Insulation classification

How does the thickness of thermal insulation material affect the ability to withstand temperature loads:

Only some brands of fireproof can withstand temperatures up to 850 degrees; you need to pay attention to this when purchasing insulation.

How to choose pipe diameter

The internal diameter of the pipe must be the same as the cross-section of the outlet pipe, or wider. If the chimney pipes are wider than the pipe coming out of the boiler, an adapter is installed at the junction.

Dependence of pipe diameter on boiler power:

Chimney installation

Here is information on how to remove a chimney through a wall with your own hands. Installing a chimney through a wall is easy to do with your own hands.

General points

To prevent the insulation from melting, the first part of the chimney must be made in the form of a piece of pipe without a heat-saving layer. The fasteners are installed at a height protected from overheating. From here you can install a sandwich pipe.

Installation is carried out in two ways:

1. They raise the pipe system in the room closer to the ceiling, then take them out.
2. The pipes are routed through the wall at the level of the smoke pipe exiting the boiler. In this option, only one connecting elbow is formed. Therefore, traction will be better.

The boiler or stove is installed on a non-combustible base. The wall surface in contact with the boiler must also be insulated. Most often, a sheet of metal is attached to the wall and floor as a base.

Installation technology

Increased requirements are imposed on buildings made of combustible materials. When venting a chimney through a wall in a wooden house, you must take into account all fire safety standards.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make a chimney correctly:

1. For the pipe, a passage is made through the wall in accordance with SNIP standards. The distance from the pipe to the wall built from fire-resistant building materials, at least 25 cm. To a surface made of materials subject to combustion - 45 cm. In the second case, it turns out that you need to punch a fairly large hole. To make a hole for the chimney through wooden wall smaller, the surface is sheathed with metal or other fire-resistant material. Make a hole of 25 cm, since the surface is insulated from fire.
2. A metal box is mounted into a hole in the wall.
3. The pipe is passed through a metal box, secured in the middle, and taken out. The pipe must be solid; elements cannot be joined inside the wall, as they will be problematic to maintain.
4. All free space the wall is filled with non-flammable thermal insulation material.
5. The hole on both sides is covered with metal or other heat-resistant raw materials.
6. A support platform for external pipes is mounted outside, which is held by metal brackets attached to the wall.
7. An adapter in the form of a tee is installed on the outgoing segment.
8. The lower part is removable. It functions as a glass to collect condensate. Some models are equipped with a fitting with a tap to which a hose is connected, through which the water accumulated inside is poured out.
9. A chimney is connected to the upper part, which is led out to the desired height. To prevent debris from getting inside the pipe, a cap is installed on it.

The pipe brought out is secured to the wall using stainless steel clamps.

For more details on how to install a chimney through a wall, watch the video:

When exiting a chimney sandwich pipe through a wooden wall, you must follow safety precautions.

• To ensure the correct direction of thrust, the joints are insulated with heat-resistant sealants.
• When a chimney is routed through a wall at the intersection of the pipe and the wall, there is a possibility of ignition as a result of overheating. To prevent fire, it is recommended to increase the thickness of the heat-insulating material at the joints.
• The pipe is secured to the wall using clamps installed at a distance of no more than 100 cm from each other.

Subject to all standards fire safety it is possible to route the chimney through the wall even in houses made of materials with low resistance to fire and high thermal loads.

Even a beginner in construction can install a chimney through a wall. The best thermal insulation material is stone and basalt wool. It is very important to correctly calculate all parameters, and only then proceed with installation. The safety of the building and its owners depends on compliance with all rules for installing a chimney.