Vertical drilling machines 2118; 2135; 2150. Drilling head with various tools.

Vertical drilling machines 2118; 2135; 2150 are used when drilling holes with a diameter of up to 50 mm.

The first two numbers indicate the type of machine, and the last two numbers indicate the largest drilling diameter.

In Fig. 129 shows a single-spindle vertical- drilling machine 2150 and its kinematic diagram. It consists of a single-column vertical frame 1, mounted on a base plate 2. An electric motor 3, a gearbox and a feedbox 4 are installed on the frame, with the help of which the spindle 5 receives six speeds from 46 to 475 rpm and ten feeds from 0.15 to 0.30 mm per revolution.

During drilling, the parts are installed and secured on the table 6. The drill 7 feed on this machine can be done manually with a steering wheel 8 or automatically using a gearbox and feed box.

The table is raised and lowered by rotating handle 9. The machine is turned on using buttons located on the panel.

Drilling heads are often installed on the spindle of vertical drilling machines (Fig. 130), allowing drilling with five tools in one position, for example, drilling, tapping, reaming. Thus, a single-spindle machine with such a head can replace a five-spindle one, but the part does not need to be rearranged. Rice. 129..

Single spindle vertical drilling machine

The 2N118 vertical drilling machine is a universal unit, its power amazes specialists and lovers of precision drilling.

The 2n118 drilling machine is designed for such actions as drilling, countersinking, reaming holes, as well as cutting the ends of parts, provided that a special attachment is used.

When carrying out a drilling operation, the rotational movement of the head and the spindle on the moving base are activated. As you can see, the mechanism is quite simple, nothing superfluous. When determining drilling parameters, indicators for the drilling diameter and the overhang length of the spindle itself are taken into account.

Brief information about machine grading

Classification of units:

• Machining of small holes up to 16.0 mm. Most often, such diameters are used in instrument making.
• Processing of medium and large diameters from 18.0 to 75.0 mm.
• for drilling large products.
• Machines for drilling high-precision diameters.
• Milling type.
• Centering machines.
• Multi-spindle machines.

Characteristic advantages of the machine

Drilling machine 2n118 is designed for drilling small holes up to 18.0 mm in metal surfaces. In order to improve the quality of work, a maximum torque of 880 Nm is developed and the feed is equal to 560 kgf. When working with each part, it is possible to select the speed and feed amount, which makes the work more accurate and efficient, and reduces the risk of defects.

Similar models:

• 2A118 layout and single-spindle head.
• 2N118F2 modernized version with automated system management.
• 2b118 with an increased number of feeding stages.
• Vertical mechanism 2N118K.

Machine 2N118K

Technical data about the product

Specifications:

• “T” is a shaped working surface and is equal to 32.0 × 36.0 cm.
• The movement of the surface when the flywheel rotates is 2.4 mm, along the vertical plane - 35.0 cm.
• The total weight of the device is 450 kg.
• Distance from the extreme point of the spindle to work surface is 65.0 cm.
• The machine's reach is 20.0 cm.
• The spindle head can move up to 30.0 cm.
• The working stroke of the sleeve is 15.0 cm.
• The spindle head moves 4.4 mm per revolution.
• The (average) spindle speed is 2.4 rpm, minimum 200 rpm, maximum 2.8 thousand rpm.
• The spindle rotation speed is adjusted according to nine parameters.
• The power of the electric motor shaft is one and a half kilowatts, maximum speed rotation 1.42 rpm.
• The maximum feed rate is 560 kgf.
• Dimensions 87.0x59.0x208.0 cm.

Among the main features is the spindle braking option.

Equipment design

Description: the main element is a box-shaped column - the headstock. It is installed on a metal plate - the base. The headstock moves sideways along the rack and pinion mechanism using an electric motor drive.

An electric motor is located on the front upper part. At the bottom there is a spindle assembly with a rotation head. Interior filled with a gearbox, which is responsible for the rotation speed, feed rate, and vertical lift. Vertical ascent and descent is provided by a special rack and pinion mechanism. And this organ is activated - the steering wheel.

The workpiece is mounted on the work table, moved if necessary, and the height is adjusted. Adjustable with a special handle on the side.

The kinematic diagram of the machine operates in the following order:

• The gearbox regulates the supply of one of nine speeds.
• Using a reversible electric motor drive, you can change the direction of rotation.
• This function is especially useful when you need to cut internal thread on details.
• The spindle is fed vertically by a rack and a gear shaft, which is installed in the lower front part of the spindle head.
• The side handle is responsible for moving the spindle head along the column guides.
• The work table moves vertically due to the rotation of the handle.

Equipment controls

There are a number of elements of the unit:

• Automatic power switch.
• Toggle switch for work surface lighting.
• Cooling system fluid pump switch.
• Handle for adjusting feeds.
• Button to activate feed.
• Regulator for selecting feed speeds.
• Control unit and direction of spindle movement.
• Drilling head rotation speed regulator.
• Bolts – clamps of the wedge of the working head.
• Handle for fixing the work table clamp.
• Electrical contacts and network power board.
• To provide auxiliary control, a number of buttons, an automatic starter, and a manual starter are used.

Spindle stop

For efficient braking, the machine uses a dynamic circuit. D.C supplied to three winding phases through a contact group.

During a stop or speed reduction, the windings of two phases are short-circuited. A complete stop occurs when you press the corresponding button.

Electrical protection

To prevent unwanted overloads, the manufacturer provides protection - circuit breaker AST – 3. Grounding of the machine is provided by a coil of magnetic starters. The drill bit, as well as the contact board, must be connected in accordance with the requirements and regulations that apply to production equipment.

Electrical components: electric power unit, electric pump for supplying fluid to the cooling system, starting mechanisms and automatic shutdown, rectifiers, local lighting device to improve the workflow.

It is imperative that every employee, especially those who work at a machine, must strictly comply with the norms and requirements of the labor protection instructions. Otherwise, the worker is not allowed to enter the workplace.

A vertical drilling machine is used for making holes, cutting threads, countersinking ends and boring holes. It can work with almost any material.

Photo of the machine

Vertical drilling machines are available in many modifications. The layout and basic components of all models are almost the same. Main parts of equipment:

• Foundation slab. Provides support for stability.
• Bed. Locates the main components of the equipment. There are guides on the side to which the bracket and spindle are attached.
• Main motion drive. Transmits rotation from the electric motor to the feed box.
• Spindle. Secures the cutting tool.
• Box and feed mechanism. It has gears with which the spindle changes the rotation speed.
• Table. Moves using a handle. IN industrial equipment, a cross table is used.

IN modern models vertical type uses quick-change chucks.

Main specifications drilling devices: maximum spindle stroke, largest deep drilling diameter and overhang. The operating instructions contain detailed information about the equipment.

Marking

By the equipment code you can determine its technical characteristics. All drilling device codes begin with the number 2. The fact that the equipment is of a vertical type is indicated by the second number 1. The remaining number shows the largest diameter of the hole being produced. If there is a letter after the first number, the equipment has been improved. The letter at the end means that the equipment is made on the basis of the main model.

For example, the 2s132 machine has the following characteristics: maximum deep drilling diameter is 32 mm, upgraded compared to models 2132 and 2a132.

Domestic models

Let's look at popular vertical drilling machines made in the USSR. These are models 2a125, 2g125, 2l125, 2t140, 2118 and 2118a.

The floor-standing vertical drilling machine 2a125 has a maximum deep drilling diameter of 25 mm. Equipment 2a125 includes 9 speeds from 97 to 1360 rpm and a reach of 250 mm. Has a device for reversing the electric motor. Size 98*82.5*230 cm, weight 870 kg. Manufactured in the USSR at the Sterlitamak plant. The price of this model is from 25,000 rubles.

The improved device 2g125 has a larger reach of 260 mm. Lower power motor – 2.2 kW. The weight of the floor type machine is 2g125 780 kg, dimensions are 73*91*210.5 cm. Number of speeds is 2g125 16. Vertical movement of the table is 425 mm. In the 2g125 device, the threading diameter is 24 mm. The spindle has a Morse taper 3. It was manufactured in the USSR at the Krasnorechensky plant. The price of this configuration is from 20,000 rubles.

Model 2l125 is the smallest, having best characteristics. The weight of the machine is 475 kg, dimensions 86*56*213 cm. It has a Morse spindle taper of 4. The maximum table stroke is 540 mm.

The 2t140 machine is being produced now and is one of the most advanced models.

The 2118 machine has a maximum deep drilling diameter of 18 mm. The spindle includes a Morse taper 2. The reach of the device is 200 mm. Equipment dimensions 2118 87*59*208 cm, device weight 450 kg. Vertical table movement 350 mm. The unit is turned on by a drum switch, which supplies power to the electric motor. With regular use, the main components of the 2118 machine must be lubricated daily with your own hands. The price of machine 2118 is from 20,000 rubles.

For minor works VSN machine is used. It is distinguished by its small dimensions - 30*58*66 cm and weighing no more than 75 kg. The spindle of the device has 2 speeds and a rotation frequency from 7.5 to 20. The largest diameter of the holes of the VSN machine is 16 mm. The spindle moves 100 mm. The machine operates from a mains voltage of 380 V. The work table is square with a side length of 250 mm. The spindle has a Morse taper B16. Despite small sizes, VSN drills metal materials. The price of equipment is from 20,000 rubles.

All devices are supplied with an instruction manual upon purchase. Models produced in the USSR are sold second-hand.

Foreign models

Foreign companies producing vertical drilling machines:

• JET (USA).
• Optimum (Germany).
• Hitachi (Japan).

The price of these devices is high. The best company in terms of price and quality ratio is Hitachi.

One of the most popular Hitachi b16rm models. The maximum diameter of deep drilling is 16 mm. Equipped with an asynchronous motor, which can be operated for a long time.

The Hitachi b16rm machine has a laser pointer and an optical drill axis indicator. The desktop rotates 45 degrees. The electric motor operates at 12 speeds from 210 to 3100 rpm. The reach of the device is 380 mm.

Working in poor lighting is possible using the built-in backlight. The Hitachi b16rm is quiet and virtually vibration-free.

In the basic configuration, the b16rm operates on a voltage of 220 V, but you can power it yourself from a 380 V network by connecting an additional frequency converter.

The American analogue of the Hitachi b16rm device is the JET JDP-17F machine. The operating instructions come with translations into several languages. The price of this model is from 30,000 rubles.

CNC machines

Modern device models have a numerical software control. Let's look at a Soviet CNC machine 2р135ф2.

The 2r135f2 machine is equipped with a turret with six spindles. The maximum cross-section of the product is 35 mm, the maximum thread diameter is M24. The desktop is cross-shaped with protected guides.

It has a 2P32-3 CNC device, which allows you to set positioning and rectangular processing operations. Programs for the device are on eight-track punched paper tapes. The CNC includes three controlled coordinates. The 2р135ф2 machine operates in four modes: manual input, adjustment, automatic and semi-automatic processing.

Overall dimensions of the device are 180*240*270 cm, weight 500 kg. The price of such a model is from 80,000 rubles.

Homemade machine

Today the price of machines is high, so for household needs you can make equipment yourself. The circuit diagram of such a device is quite simple. You will need four main components:

• Drill.
• Foundation slab.
• Vertical stand.
• Feeding mechanism.

First you need approximate diagram future machine. Such a diagram is drawn with your own hands based on available materials. A thick furniture board can be used as a foundation slab. The vertical stand is made of thick plywood or chipboard. Foundation and vertical stand fastened with your own hands using self-tapping screws and corners.

After this, guides are made to move the drill. They are made from metal strips and screwed to the rack. The drill is secured with steel clamps and rubber gaskets to the block. The feed mechanism should lower and raise the drill. Its scheme is quite simple. You need to use a lever and a spring to stiffen the device.

Drilling devices today are presented in large assortment. Depending on your goals, you can choose the model you need or make it yourself.

Post-war rapid growth industrial production in the USSR demanded an urgent expansion of the machine park. To prevent the outflow of currency abroad, domestic design bureaus began developing metal-cutting equipment. First, a basic model was produced and tested in real conditions. After this, the mechanism was improved. Such a modified unit is the 2N118 vertical drilling machine.

Equipment classification

System accepted symbols, which makes it easy to understand the markings of units. Difficulty in deciphering the name of the machine arises in specialized production, when the abbreviation is set by the manufacturer. In the standard case, numbering is based on the decimal system.

The equipment designation includes four numbers and several letters, the latter can be located anywhere. The letters can indicate the degree of automation, accuracy class or new modification. Let's look at the meaning of the numbers:

1. It defines a group of machines, depending on the technological operation being performed. There are nine groups in total.
2. Indicates the type of equipment, there are nine of them.
3. The last numbers show the main size of the unit.

In our case, the first number (2) indicates the drilling group. The second number (1) indicates a vertical drilling type of machine. Using the last numbers, we determine the maximum size of the hole that the mechanism can drill. The letter (n) indicates a new modification of the base model.

Drilling equipment

It is used in any technological chain, but its main purpose is small-scale and single-piece production. Such machines perform a number of operations:

• thread cutting;
• countersinking;
• drilling;
• trimming ends;
• deployment;
• countersinking.

After reviewing, they can be divided into three large groups depending on the operations performed:

• specialized, perform a limited number of actions;
• universal, make up the main part;
• special, they work without readjustment, according to a given cycle.

Such units can be classified according to the maximum drill diameter used:

• lightweight, drilling up to 12 mm;
• medium, obtaining holes 18-50 mm;
• heavy, drilling 75 mm holes.

Main distinctive features metal-cutting equipment are the movements made by the cutting tool and devices. In our case, this is the rotation of the drill and the progressive feed of the spindle. All main parameters are included in the machine passport, which is directly included in the operating manual.

Machine 2N118 close up

In this document you can find instructions for attaching the machine to the workplace. First of all, it must be located strictly horizontally in relation to the foundation. The reliability of all mechanisms depends on this. This is achieved using special levels.

The design of the machine assumes the following types:

• desktop;
• columned;
• radial drilling;
• deep drilling;
• multi-spindle;
• central;
• drilling and milling;
• coordinate drilling;
• radial drilling.

All of them are complex mechanisms, so before starting work, maintenance personnel must carefully read the operating instructions. And while working, adhere to all recommendations.

Description of the machine

A machine-tool plant in the city of Molodechno began producing a vertical drilling machine model 2N118. At the end of the fifties, it was reoriented to the production of drilling units. In the early sixties, production of the basic model 2118 was launched. Based on its operational data, the designers developed a vertical drilling machine 2N118, the technical characteristics of which were improved, and all the shortcomings were taken into account.

The basis of this mechanism is a column, which is attached to the foundation with its base. It is equipped with a gearbox located in the upper part of the structure, as well as a table and feedbox in the spindle headstock. Design features include rigidity, strength of mechanisms and speed range cutting tool. The movement of the working head along the bed occurs thanks to a rack and pinion mechanism controlled by a steering wheel.

The part is installed on the table, in special devices, and can be moved along it to align the hole drilling site with the cutting tool. The table can move along the bed. Its installation, as well as the installation of the spindle head, depends on the height of the tool and the part. The processing process can take place in manual and mechanical modes.

To understand how the 2N118 drilling machine works, open the passport and find all the necessary information.

Download the passport (operating instructions) of the 2N118 machine

Let us highlight the main technical characteristics from it:

In addition, here you can find the kinematic diagram, which is given below, and a description of its features.

These include:

• electric reverse, changing the direction of rotation of the head;
• 9-speed gearbox, expanding the rotation range of the cutting tool;
• 6-speed gearbox that regulates vertical movement;
• rack and pinion mechanism moving the spindle head;
• a screw pair that allows the table to move.

For long-term operation, it is necessary to pay attention to securing the 2N118 machine to the foundation. Using a level, it is placed on the wedges, after which the solution is poured under the base. Once it hardens, the foundation bolts are tightened.

You cannot bypass the electrical part of the machine. Its main components are:

• motor that rotates the spindle;
• selenium rectifier;
• automation, consisting mainly of relays and starters;
• cooling pump.

The rectifier is used to activate the brake starter, thereby dynamically braking the cutting tool. In addition, the electric motor is protected from overload by a circuit breaker.

To avoid accidents and injuries to operating personnel, all equipment is properly grounded.

All of the above documents for 2N118 are included in the instruction manual. It makes it possible to correctly install, start and operate the mechanism. And in the event of a breakdown, quickly identify the problem.