Today there is enough production a large number of cutters of various sizes. They can be classified according to functional and design qualities.
Sharpening of end mills is carried out using special devices for such tools. In some cases, sharpening can be done manually.
The cutters have a relatively large length and uneven teeth for cutting. During the sharpening process, you will need to take care of the movement of the base of the wheel along the edge. IN in this case It will be necessary to sharpen shaped cutters that have a backed corner. You should know that sharpening is quite difficult. To preserve the profile of the structure and facilitate the sharpening process, the backed teeth will need to be sharpened exclusively along the front base. Sharp teeth, which have a straight or curved shape, must be sharpened exclusively along the rear base. slotted and cut-off cutters Can be sharpened along the front and back bases of the teeth.
Geometry of cutter teeth
Geometry of the cutter teeth: a - sharpened tooth, b - backed tooth.
To sharpen correctly, you will need to know the geometry of the cutter teeth. The design of the teeth distinguishes between cutters with backed and sharp teeth. In the latter, the part of the rear base, which is adjacent to the cutting edge, is a plane. Teeth with sharp ends are in most cases sharpened along the back base, but they can also be sharpened along the front base of the tooth.
The backed teeth that come with the end mills have a back base that follows an Archimedes spiral. It is quite difficult to process a shaped base technologically, so you can sharpen cutters with backed teeth exclusively on the front base.
Regardless of the number of teeth in the cutter, each of them can be considered as a separate tooth, which is characterized by typical parameters for the tooth - the angles of the front and back, the size of the sharpening area, and the angle of inclination of the teeth.
The sharpening platform is an element of the rear base of the tooth, which is subjected to grinding during the sharpening process along the rear base. By this basis maximum tooth wear will occur. Its size affects the magnitude of the friction force between the tool and the workpiece, so the base must be maintained in a specific range.
Scheme for sharpening prefabricated cutters on a universal sharpening machine.
The main rake angle is the angle between the tangent to the front base and the base of the axis. It can be measured in a plane that will pass through a given point perpendicular to the main cutting edge.
The main back angle is the angle between the tangent to the back base at given point the main edge for cutting and the tangent to the plane of rotation of this point. This angle helps reduce friction between the tool and the workpiece.
Using the auxiliary relief angle, you can characterize the large gap between the milled base and the body of the tooth. It is necessary to sharpen a tool at an additional angle when there is a specific amount of damage to the tool and an increase in the sharpening area. Target of this action is to reduce friction between the tooth and the milled workpiece. You should be aware that not all tools of this type have this angle.
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How to sharpen end mills for woodworking?
The shape of the teeth can be straight or helical. The inclination of the tool teeth can be characterized as the angle between the developed edge of the screw type and the axial part of the tool.
The values of the tooth angles will depend on the type of tool, the grade of alloy and steel from which it is made, as well as the type of material for which the tool is intended for milling.
When milling viscous materials, the main rake angle should be selected in the range of 15-20° or more. Carbide tools for milling steel will have an angle of 0° or -5°. The clearance angle varies over a wide range.
Items you will need:
- Diamond beam.
- Table.
- Water or soap and water.
- Solvent.
- Abrasive paper.
- Hardwood plank or steel strip.
- Abrasive wheel.
It is possible to sharpen shaped end mills without special sharpening devices, along the front base, with a diamond bar of small thickness. The beam must be installed on the extreme part of the table. If the tool has a large recess, then the tool must be secured along the table.
Heat resistance table various materials, °C.
When sharpening, the beam will need to be wetted clean water or a solution with soap. After sharpening, the tool will need to be washed and dried.
As the front base is sharpened, the edge will become sharper, but the diameter of the tool will not decrease much.
If a bearing is installed on the tool, then the first step is to dismantle it and then sharpen it. An attempt to save time in this case may result in a damaged bearing and a non-functioning cutter.
It is imperative to clean the cutter from excess resin from the trees. It is best to use a solvent for this.
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In the process of sharpening tools, you will need to use bars of different grain sizes. The grain size will depend on the thickness of the layer of material being removed and the required cleanliness of the base. Before sharpening, you will need to make sure that the beam has the appropriate shape.
Figure 1. Shapes of grinding wheels.
If the cutter teeth are made of relatively soft material, instead of timber, you can use abrasive paper, which is glued to a flat base. As a base, you can use a hardwood plank or a steel strip.
End mills for milling wood are sharpened to special device with a low speed of rotation of the circle. In this case, you will need to use a suitable abrasive wheel.
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Sharpening wheels
Sharpening of modular cutters can be done with wheels made of white or ordinary electrocorundum, diamond and others. For example, using electrocorundum wheels, you can perform high-quality sharpening of cutters for working with metal and wood, which are made from tool steel or other steel of standard performance. CBN wheels make it possible to sharpen high-performance steel structures. Silicon carbide and diamond wheels are used for sharpening cutters made of hard metals.
By increasing the temperature, the hardness of such a device decreases. A temperature of 1000°C can reduce the hardness by almost 2 times. At a temperature of 1300°C, this indicator will decrease by about 6 times.
Figure 2. Sharpening an end mill: a - main cutting edge, b - auxiliary cutting edge, c - installation diagram of the cutter for sharpening the teeth of the auxiliary cutting edge.
Using water to reduce the temperature in most cases leads to rust on the workpieces and corners of the machine. To eliminate corrosion, you need to add soap and some electrolytes to the water, which can form films for protection. When sanding, a solution with soap or soda is almost always used. If fine grinding is performed, a low-concentration emulsion should be used.
To increase the quality of grinding with an abrasive wheel and reduce significant damage, it is recommended to select the maximum grain size that can provide the required cleanliness class for the base of the cutter used.
The peripheral speed of the wheel when sharpening hard metal teeth should be approximately 15-18 m/s. For example, when using a wheel with a diameter of 12.5 cm, the engine rotation speed should be approximately 1600-2700 rpm. If you need to sharpen more brittle materials, the actions need to be performed at a lower speed. When using hard metal tools, harsh conditions result in high stresses and cracks, and in some cases, damage to the cutting edges. In this case, wheel wear will increase.
The shape of the wheel for sharpening the back angle of teeth on a cylindrical base should be cup or disc-shaped. To sharpen the front corner, you need to use a disc-shaped or flat-shaped wheel.
Existing forms of grinding wheels can be seen in (Fig. 1).
Sharpening cutters is an operation to restore cutting properties that were lost as a result of tooth wear.
The modern equipment that our company uses allows us to sharpen cutting cutters with perfect accuracy:
- When sharpening cutters, like any other tool, we comply with all the necessary parameters;
- we provide maximum amount tool sharpening in the future;
- We provide the best performance when processing materials, no chipping, increased service life of the cutter between sharpenings.
Well-done sharpening of a cutter increases its durability, which significantly reduces consumption. cutting tool. If you have been using the cutter for quite a long time or are just planning to use it, then remember that the amount of wear on the cutter should not exceed the established optimal values, which are taken as the criterion for dullness. In order to preserve the cutter in its almost original form, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the cutting edges and, of course, sharpen the cutter in a timely manner, trying to prevent too much wear or breakage of the teeth.
As a rule, sharpening of a disk cutter is carried out on universal sharpening machines. In order for the sharpening process to occur correctly, it is necessary to comply with the existing and introduced certain standards of permissible runout, established quality assurance of cutting edges and surface quality.
Our company offers you the job of High Quality. By contacting us, you are contacting highly qualified professionals who approach their work with full responsibility.
Sharpening cutters with us will ensure long life and performance of your tool, and ensure reliable operation, since a dull cutter is very dangerous! Keep this in mind when performing a specific task where you may need to this tool. And in case of problems or when the cutting discs reach the end of their service life, please contact our company.
Rules for accepting disc cutters for regrinding
1. To sharpen disc cutters, an “Agreement for processing of customer-supplied raw materials” must be concluded between the customer and the contractor.
2. Milling cutters are accepted only if there is an M-15 delivery note from the Customer, in which it is necessary to indicate the contract number and the range of disk cutters.
3. When handing over cutting disc cutters for regrinding, the Customer must receive from the Contractor an “Inspection Order” signed by the Contractor, which indicates the cost and deadline for completing the work.
4. Receipt of cutters is carried out only by proxy.
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Proper sharpening of a tool reduces its consumption and accordingly increases its service life. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the cutting edges and sharpen the tool in a timely manner, avoiding excessive wear and especially breakage.
Sharpening and manufacturing of hobs
The production complex of the Spetsstanmash plant offers a full range of services for the manufacture and repair of metal parts and structures, including: production and sharpening of cutters for metal, wood, cast iron, aluminum, graphite or plastic.
The milling cutter is an important tool in industry and workshops. It is a part of different shapes, with distinctive feature sharp teeth. Its main function is mechanical processing of prepared material.
The operating principle of milling is the translational rotational movement of the cutter teeth.
Depending on the type of tool used, the result is:
- small grooves or grooves when using end mills;
- milling large surfaces;
- milling baguettes, window frames, gears, etc. using spiral cutters,
- cutting using a disc cutter (plinth, paneling, lining, wall beams, etc.).
An important characteristic of a cutter is the material it is made of, in particular the cutting part. These can be teeth made of high-speed steel, mineral-ceramic, metal-ceramic or diamond.
Diamond cutters are considered the most durable due to their natural physical characteristics. But, they are the most expensive. All other materials become dull after some time during use, especially if used incorrectly. Purchasing new tools is expensive, but our skilled craftsmen and high-precision modern equipment allow quality to perform this type of repair, such as sharpening knives for cutters of any geometry:
- hob sharpening
- sharpening of disc cutters
- core cutters and other types.
Professional work on sharpening cutters increases the durability of the part and significantly reduces the consumption of cutting teeth.
Sharpening hob cutters: from 600 rub. / PC. (depending on wear)
Minimum sharpening time: from 10 working days
Minimum order amount: 3500 rub.
* The exact cost can be found using the form or by phone
How to sharpen a milling cutter for metal 11.09.2017 21:16
The industry produces a huge number of cutters for metal, and sharpening them is often a problem for those who work with them. Design features tool and a large number of teeth causes difficulties during sharpening.
How to sharpen a cutter for metal correctly?
As a rule, sharpening of a cutter for metal is carried out on special equipment. Improper sharpening leads to breakage of teeth and failure of the cutter. Correct sharpening milling cutters allows you to use the tool much longer and reduce wear. To do this, you also need to carefully monitor the cutting surface of the cutter teeth.
To sharpen cutters for metal, special machines and special equipment are used. Therefore, it is better to entrust this matter to professionals.
The peculiarity of sharpening cutters is the relatively large length and curvilinearity of the cutting edges of their teeth. When sharpening, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the wheel moves exactly along the edge.
What types of cutters are there?
- Cylindrical cutters are used for processing workpieces using machines equipped with a horizontal spindle.
- End mills - for milling workpieces on machines with a vertical spindle.
- End mills - for driving ledges, recesses, contours (curvilinear). Used on installations for vertical milling.
- Disc cutters - for driving grooves and grooves on horizontal machines.
- Key cutters - for making grooves on machines with a vertical spindle.
- Angle cutters - for milling planes (inclined), grooves, bevels.
- Shaped cutters - when processing shaped surfaces.
In the metalworking industry, the use of milling cutters as cutting tools is widespread. Almost all parts of various engines, both electric and internal combustion, are manufactured using milling. Lots of details for household appliances, machines and fixtures are also processed using milling cutters.
