Means of fire prevention propaganda. Methodological development "fire prevention propaganda during off-hours"

Basics of fire prevention propaganda

Introduction 5

General propaganda issues 6

Goals and objectives of fire prevention propaganda 9

Organization of a fire prevention propaganda system 16

Forms and means of fire prevention propaganda 17

On the effectiveness of propaganda 25

Prospects for the development of fire prevention propaganda 30

Conclusion 31

Literatures 32

Introduction

Fast-flowing time is inexorably changing the face of our planet, making radical changes in all spheres of human activity, leaving its mark on social relations and human consciousness. The comprehensive complication of the environment, the avalanche increase in the volume of information, the development and improvement of technical means of mass communication lead to the fact that modern man learns more and more the world not so much with your own eyes, but with the help of television and cinema, books and magazines, newspapers, radio, the Internet, advertising.

Mass media covering more and more radio stations, television stations, and daily newspapers worldwide with a circulation exceeding billions of copies. In this regard, the media, agitation, advertising, propaganda services have actively invaded the sphere of psychology, trying to find such depths in a person, the discovery of which would allow stimulating personal development and changing the behavior of individual groups of people in the right direction. Following in the same vein are the so-called “public relation” services of various departments and organizations, pursuing the goal of creating a certain public opinion around a particular problem, event, profession, etc./This also applies to services, professional and industry propaganda, which are faced with the task of bringing to the consciousness of people certain requirements and knowledge.

Any propaganda, including fire prevention, is an ideological activity, subject to general requirements and patterns, using the same forms and methods, and is based on the same technical means of mass communication. And the ultimate goal of any propaganda is to educate, convince, and educate. The difference is only in the direction of this process towards solving a particular problem. Thus, the main task of propaganda work

fire protection authorities was and is to make it absolutely clear to almost every person that the scientific and technological revolution, among many important problems, has acutely confronted humanity with the problem of fires and the flammability of the living environment. Therefore, it is vital to constantly clarify the content and essence of the rules and regulations fire safety, dramatically increase people's personal responsibility.

The purpose of the work is to study the organization of a training system for fire safety rules for military personnel, to calculate the economic efficiency of fire propaganda in military units.

Tasks that need to be solved to achieve the goal:

Give the basic principles and concepts of fire prevention propaganda.

Reveal the essence of fire prevention propaganda.

Explore the methodology for analyzing fire prevention propaganda.

Suggest measures to increase use
fire prevention propaganda.

The object of study of this work is the use of advertising in fire prevention propaganda for the purpose of its effectiveness.

The first chapter deals with general issues of propaganda.

The main objective of the thesis is to organize a training system for fire safety rules for military personnel in the security system military service with the development of recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of fire propaganda in military units

General propaganda issues

Agitation(from the Latin word agiatatio - bringing to
movement) is an oral and printed activity aimed at
influencing the consciousness and mood of the broad masses of people to attract them to active participation in solving important socio-political and national economic problems. Its distinctive feature is the short interval between the call and the action, which, in particular, is one of the main indicators
(criteria) for the effectiveness of campaigning (i.e., the shorter this time interval, the higher the effectiveness, and vice versa). The other main (more precisely, the main) criterion is, naturally, the massive response to the call. Propaganda means: conversations, rallies, media, posters, cartoons, etc.

Both propaganda and agitation must necessarily be informational, although to varying degrees. The saturation of information in agitation and propaganda is correlated as one to two (and according to some sources, one to three), as for information itself, it is only one of the means used in this work. The main difference (despite the apparent similarity) of agitation from propaganda is the predominance of the emotional element in agitation and the widespread use of mass campaigns. In addition, campaigning can be intermittent, while propaganda must be carried out constantly - even a short break reduces its effectiveness.

awn. Campaigning is practically ineffective without preliminary (or parallel) propaganda work, which creates the ground for campaigning activities.

Finally, propaganda(from the Latin propaganda - to be distributed or propaganda - to distribute) is the dissemination and in-depth explanation of any ideas, knowledge, the planned use of any form of influence for a specific purpose on the mind, feelings and behavior of people.

Information(from the Latin informatio - presentation, explanation) is a message, information, awareness about some event, fact, activity, etc. One of the definitions of information says that “information is the designation of the content received by us from outside world in the process of our adaptation to it and the adaptation of our feelings to it.” In the general flow of mass information there are distinguished: cognitive information (i.e. information designed to perform the functions of informing), value (related to the performance of the function of education), instructive (related to the performance of the function of organizing behavior), tonic (related to the performance of the function of removing voltage) and communicative (ensuring the implementation of the information transfer function). Information is also divided: by nature - into primary and secondary, by method of reproduction - into written (printed), oral (phonetic), figurative (visual), by content - into redundant, complete, incomplete and compressed, true and false) (misinformation), overview, current, thematic (Fig. 1).

In any case, information is always factual, that is, it is a statement of fact, where the fact appears as a discrete part of the whole flow of information. The fact itself means nothing, or rather, says little, since it is always only an element of a complex conceptual system.

Fire propaganda- this is a targeted informing of society about the problems and ways to ensure fire safety, carried out through the media, through the publication and distribution of special literature and advertising products, the organization of thematic exhibitions, shows, conferences and the use of other forms of informing the population not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

INFORMATION

COGNETIVE

(designed to perform

information functions)

VALUE

(related to the performance of educational functions)

TONIZING

(related to the performance of stress relief functions)

INSTRUCTIONAL

(related to the performance of organizational functions)

COMMUNICATIVE

(implementation related

information transfer functions)

Rice. 1. Information classification scheme

Goals and objectives of fire prevention propaganda

Fire prevention propaganda is one of the main directions in the work of the prevention service of state fire supervision authorities and is built taking into account modern means and methods of influencing various layers and groups of the population.

If it is possible to prevent fires associated with the oversight or carelessness of individuals, then the prevention of fires that occur as a result of people’s ignorance of the danger depends entirely on

from the state of fire prevention propaganda.

Fire prevention propaganda has the following tasks: preventing fires from the most common and specific (characteristic) causes; instilling in people a sense of responsibility for

preservation of human life; property and personal property from

fire; training and familiarization of workers of enterprises, institutions, organizations, the population, schoolchildren, university students with fire safety rules; developing their skills for correct actions in case of fires; developing their skills in working with primary fire extinguishing agents; nurturing a competent attitude towards the surrounding elements of fire danger hidden in technological processes, devices and units, substances and products that form the basis of production and everyday life; popularizing the activities of the fire department, increasing the authority of the fire department, creating a positive public opinion around it; coverage of best practices and scientific and technical achievements in the field of fire prevention and extinguishing.

The strategic goal of fire prevention propaganda follows from the objectives - reducing the number of fires, and therefore the number of victims and the amount of material damage from them. Some experts believe that it is in instilling in a person, with the help of various forms of propaganda, a unique sense of “fire responsibility” - education that should begin in childhood and continue throughout life, that there is hidden a considerable reserve for increasing the level of fire safety in general.

An analysis of the tasks assigned to fire prevention propaganda, as well as a number of areas of general ideological propaganda corresponding to these tasks, allows us to conclude that more tactfully With what goals at the moment should be: introducing into people's consciousness an understanding of the existence of the problem of fires (namely a problem, not individual cases); an explanation of each aspect of this problem (using general and local examples); instilling in the population a sense of danger and responsibility; changing the traditional attitude towards firefighters and volunteers towards maximum positivity and prestige; increasing the priority of fire safety requirements in comparison with others (economic, temporary, etc.); establishing from childhood (and maintaining throughout life) moral principles and social stereotypes of attitude towards fire; systematic erasure (and, if possible, breaking) of established negative patterns and the subjective (false) belief that there are few fires, that they are rare, random and spontaneous.

However, the matter cannot be limited to setting goals, because it is necessary to plan the forms and means of achieving them, and proper planning is impossible without the optimal distribution of efforts and resources. To draw up a work plan to achieve a particular goal, taking into account the balancing of efforts, you can use a fairly tested and proven scientific technique known as constructing a “goal tree.” Its essence lies in the fact that after defining a number of goals (in this case, tactical), each goal (it is assigned a zero rank) is divided into subgoals (or goals of the first rank), which, in turn, are divided into “goals of the second, third, etc.” The result is a system of targets with a certain ranking, which looks like a branched tree in the diagram (Fig. 2) with the target vector directed towards the fall of the Newton's apple.

Let's take, for example, one of our tactical goals: “instilling in the population a sense of danger and responsibility” (zero rank). Goals of the first rank - education (training) at work, in the family, at the place of residence (in an urban or rural environment); second rank - directions for achieving goals, for solving the task. For example, in production this could be improving the training system, improving instructions, in the family - searching for some forms of personal interest in compliance with fire safety rules and stimulating this interest, etc. Goals of the third rank - forms of implementation of selected areas with temporary tolerances; fourth rank - means of achieving goals.

Rice. 2. Scheme for constructing the “Goal System” (“goal tree”)

Building a “tree of goals” is not an easy job and it is necessary to involve all participants in propaganda activities (journalists, media managers, etc.). In this case, as a rule, extraordinary, fresh solutions are found. The “Tree of Goals” is also useful because it allows you to distribute the available means and forces relatively evenly through alternative, but well-founded decisions. At the same time, it makes it possible to thoughtfully redistribute goals, efforts, and priorities depending on the really changing situation and conditions.

The achievement of each goal must be divided into stages, steps, campaigns, events, etc., in other words, a kind of network schedule must be drawn up, each link of which must be accompanied by reasonable criteria for evaluating effectiveness. Naturally, all fire prevention agencies and interested organizations should be organically involved in this work.

Over its long history, advertising has evolved qualitatively. She went from informing to exhorting, from exhorting to developing conditioned reflex, from the development of a conditioned reflex - to subconscious suggestion, from subconscious suggestion - to the projection of a symbolic image.

Advertising consistently achieved first conscious, deliberate perception by the buyer of the advertising image, then automatic purchase. Now advertising requires consent from the buyer, albeit unconscious and nevertheless real.

Attract attention;

Present benefits (services);

Provide opportunities for additional learning;

to form a certain level of knowledge;

create a favorable image (image)

create needs for this service;

develop a positive attitude;

stimulate services;

create an image of reliability;

Demonstration of skill.

identification;

promotion of services or ideas;

informing;

formation of opinion.

To fulfill its primary purpose, advertising seeks to find a way to attract attention, ultimately to motivate.

WITHfrom the point of view of the main goals and objectivesadvertising may followexisting types:

wide range of functions, it is very difficult to classify it. As a result, it was possible to divide advertising into eight main categories. The differences inherent in each of the categories allow, in turn, to form on their basis the following classification scheme (Fig. 3).

Organization of a fire prevention propaganda system

The fire prevention propaganda system should not be imagined as something organizationally ordered, normatively fixed and hierarchically connected. In this case, this is one of the social structures, the components of which, no matter how different they are, act within the framework of this structure in order to bring a certain idea to life. In this sense, the fire safety propaganda system exists and operates, but to increase its effectiveness, it is required not only a clear understanding of all its components, but also the ability to use each of them individually and in various combinations with maximum efficiency. This is all the more important because the actually existing components of the general system have accumulated in a number of cases sufficient experience that can be synthesized and successfully applied in practice. At the same time, of course, we must not lose sight of the fact that the interaction of the components of any structure always acquires a complex, nonlinear character. Here, as a rule, there is no unambiguous causal relationship, from which it follows that the overall effectiveness of the propaganda impact cannot be sought in quantitative indicators, just as one cannot expect a pure and direct effect from a particular propaganda campaign or action.

The organizational and functional diagram of the fire protection propaganda bodies (Fig. 4) is, although the most important, but only one of the components of the entire system. Independent components of the system are also means of propaganda, forms and methods of its conduct, etc.

Press service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation

Public Relations and Propaganda Department

State Fire Supervision

Editorial board of the magazine "Firefighting"

Rice. 4. General structure of fire prevention propaganda bodies

Press groups,

creative

Fire-technical exhibitions, museums

Forms and means of fire prevention propaganda

The art of propaganda is to accurately and clearly highlight factual material, to reveal on its basis the main features of the problem, to force every person to become an interested participant in the search for ways out of the current situation.

Fire prevention propaganda, due to the very essence of the problem to which it is devoted, a problem that is extremely acute, universal and at the same time very private, affecting every person, must use all forms of propaganda influence, penetrate into all media of mass communication, into all areas where one way or another a person is being educated. The tension of the fire-fighting propaganda field should never weaken. One form of influence can (and should) replace another, the range of influence can fluctuate within the widest limits: from pure information content to pure emotionality. If we keep in mind that the main function of propaganda is the formation of public opinion and the influence through it on the consciousness of the masses and social practice, then any form of propaganda should influence those rational and emotional elements that are part of the structure of public opinion and mass consciousness.

Fire prevention propaganda is carried out in the following areas: the media (print, radio, television, cinema); through fire-technical exhibitions; using cinema, slide and magnetic films; through artistic works of literature, art, music; visual aids; conversations, seminars (including group and individual training of the population in fire safety rules). A special area is the widespread dissemination of fire-technical knowledge and training of people in production, in other words, scientific and technical propaganda.

Any form of propaganda must be mobile, dynamic, it requires taking into account changes in tastes, styles, habits, customs, age characteristics, professional orientation, educational level, etc. In addition, it must be sufficiently differentiated, since what is interesting to the student , may seem boring, or even simply banal for a worker, scientist or collective farmer. At the same time, the impact on adults does not at all exclude the use of various forms of fire prevention propaganda designed for children's sensitivity. However, specific methods of propaganda among children must be additionally carefully thought out in such a way that they do not arouse children’s interest in dangerous fun with fire.

Active and passive propaganda

Active propaganda always sets a goal and is capable, one way or another, of influencing the course of events through influencing the object of propaganda. As for passive propaganda, it is always only a reaction to what has happened and what is happening. In this regard, passive propaganda tends to reflect and support ideas and views that are already widely accepted, while active propaganda deals with those ideas and views that only through debate and time will become (or may become) majority opinion.

Analysis of fire prevention propaganda, unfortunately, allows us to conclude that its passive part significantly predominates over the active one. This is evident from the fact that, as a rule, materials on fire-fighting topics reflect events that have already occurred and, in a more or less vivid form, talk about individual cases of fires, their causes and consequences, and the combat work of firefighters. Many of them are not connected either with each other or with the regular speeches of fire department leaders, do not carry proactive information and, in general, create a smooth, “faded” background that has little emotional impact on the audience and does not change the existing false stereotypes and foundations.

Fire propaganda means include the following forms:

1. Mass media:

Printing (newspapers, magazines, etc.);

Broadcasting;

A television.

2. Film propaganda media:

Art films;

Educational films;

Cartoons.

3. Means of scientific and technical propaganda:

Special literature;

Magazines;

Instructional and information material.

4. Means of lecture propaganda:

Reports;

5. Means of visual propaganda:

Posters;

Showcase equipment;

Commemorative items;

Postcards;

Booklets;

Badges, toys, etc.

6. Fire fighting equipment Exhibitions:

Models of buildings, cars;

Mosaic;

Coinage;

Stained glass;

Sculptures;

Exhibition of samples of fire fighting equipment.

7. Means of artistic propaganda:

Art books;

Collections of poems.

8. Creative competitions:

Fire-themed competitions.

9. Media for public events:

Creative meetings;

Creative evenings;

Opinion poll;

Fire Safety Days;

Meetings of firefighters with the population.

Mass media

The growing importance of the media or, as they are also called, mass communication, not only as an informational phenomenon, but also as a factor that has a huge impact on socio-cultural processes in general, on the dynamics and directions of their development, on special paths the inclusion of a person in the system of social connections and relationships is the most important feature of social life.

Broadcasting

There is hardly any need to talk about the importance of radio broadcasting as a powerful means of mass communication - its popularity, versatility and effectiveness are too obvious. Every year this channel is increasingly used for fire prevention propaganda. On the radio, our topics are more or less regularly heard in the program on the waves of the Mayak and Yunost radio stations, in the literary, dramatic and children's editions. The speeches of fire department leaders were positively assessed, some success was achieved in the targeted formation of programs, and concerts at the request of fire department workers became a tradition. The radio broadcasts systematically cover issues related to the prevention of fires in enterprises and residential buildings, fire seasons, the complex and heroic work of the fire department, and fire volunteerism.

level and in different forms to certain segments of the population, taking into account emotional intensity, in accordance with certain attitudes

Film propaganda

Cinema, which is a massive and effective form of modern art, occupies a special and extremely important place in the system of ideological, social, scientific and technical propaganda. It is cinema, as a sensitive barometer of society, that can express in a concentrated form the most significant, conspicuous and hidden features of any (including fire) problem that worries a person.

The production and exhibition of films is one of the most important areas of fire prevention propaganda.

Scientific and technical propaganda

Scientific and technical propaganda, including the publication of specialized literature, magazines, and instructional and information materials, plays a significant role in creating a positive public atmosphere around the problem of fire safety. This area of ​​work is organically included in the general system of fire prevention propaganda and is one of the serious and important links in preventive work.

Lecture propaganda

Oral fire-fighting propaganda and agitation c. in the form of lectures, reports, conversations is a traditional, proven and effective form of explanatory and educational work among the population, both in work collectives and at the place of residence. This work, according to the existing regulations, must be carried out by each employee of the state supervision using local materials, taking into account a differentiated approach to different groups of the population. Lecturers from local community organizations, voluntary fire societies, and authoritative industry experts should be involved as actively as possible in conducting lecture propaganda. National economy. When conducting lectures and discussions, it is necessary to use examples of active work to prevent and extinguish fires, save people and material assets, citing specific facts of fires, revealing their causes and not keeping silent about the consequences.

Visual propaganda

Visual fire prevention propaganda is carried out through the publication and distribution of posters, leaflets, postcards, booklets, display windows, stands, satirical windows, electronic, electric and gas lighting installations, the release of photo-satirical and propaganda newspapers, as well as through the release of toys, badges, pa - mint products, the use of fire themes on consumer goods, on packaging, etc. Going out onto the streets of cities and towns, constantly being in plain sight, visual propaganda has broad potential to influence people in terms of their education. Visual and graphic materials can (though somewhat conditionally) be divided by type into stationary (illuminated newspapers and advertisements, mosaic and stained glass panels, sculpture) and movable (printed materials, toys, etc.), and by purpose - instructive, agitation and propaganda. The means of monumental propaganda, as if combining the past and the present, carry a charge of great emotional power and propaganda impact, and serve to foster the continuity of generations and a careful attitude towards the heroic past. In different parts of our country, monuments have been erected and memorials have been built, personifying the courage and heroism of firefighters and volunteers. In many places, youth fire brigades are patronized over the monuments, and ceremonial events are held near them. By touching the exploits of their elders, youth undergo a school of high moral education, strengthen

Fire-technical exhibitions

In 1892 The first fire exhibition organized by the Russian Voluntary Firefighting Society opened in St. Petersburg. By this time, exhibitions already had a long history; and, to a certain extent, established traditions. The first exhibitions were organized at the end of the 16th century.

Artistic propaganda

Artistic creativity has the ability not only to embody through its means what is characteristic and remarkable in life, but also to have an emotional impact. In fire prevention propaganda, the artistic direction with its pronounced expressive and emotional richness began to develop. The importance of this direction is difficult to overestimate. As already noted, human behavior is most often formed not only by fresh information, but also by the entire stock of previously accumulated experience and knowledge. There is a certain balance in the brain between positive and negative emotions, but for the normal state of the body it is very important that positive emotions prevail. From this point of view, art is vital because it can increase the number of positive emotions. Moreover, art itself often serves as a means of creating positive emotions.

In this regard, one can cite the following historical fact, that at one time the fire chief of Moscow, during every major fire, specially sent a messenger for the writer V. Gilyarovsky, who was known at that time as the “king of reporting,” so that he would be able to provide quick and objective information to the newspapers. It wouldn’t hurt to do this today. It’s not at all harmful to personally get acquainted with the picture of the fire, see the combat work of the firefighters, and talk to the victims and writers, poets, artists, and composers following the latest traces. We can say with confidence that after this the music will be more dynamic, the poems will be more reliable, and the paintings will be brighter.

Creative competitions

Holding creative competitions for works of various genres on fire-fighting topics is not such a new thing and is quite tried and tested. The first such competition was organized at the beginning of the century by the Russian DPO, which subsequently more than once successfully turned to this form of work.

Public events

Mass fire protection events are another form of propaganda work and, it should be noted, the form is interesting and important. They are especially useful in that they provide an opportunity to directly experience the social atmosphere and actively use various means direct impact on the audience, conduct a kind of express analysis of the level of public opinion. Public events include “Fire Safety Days”, meetings of the fire department with the population at cultural and recreation parks, meetings of fire department workers with teams of enterprises and organizations, creative evenings of cultural masters in fire garrisons, themed evenings for party and economic events. assets of large industrial associations and entire urban areas, fire department press conferences, meetings of youth with veterans, reading conferences, etc.

wok in relation to the fire problem. This creates an atmosphere of general calm and often simply harms the cause of fire safety as a whole, since in this situation even fair and justified calls and demands do not meet with a response in the souls of people and remain “the voice of one crying in the wilderness.” It would hardly be worth attaching serious importance to this if it were not for the rather large and, alas, quite material losses from fires.

On the effectiveness of propaganda

The effectiveness of propaganda is considered not just a result and not every result, but only one that coincides with the intention of the subject of propaganda. It indicates the achievement of the goals that were set for propaganda information in the process of its creation and dissemination. The results of propaganda activities are manifested in changes in consciousness, way of thinking, and behavior of both more or less large social groups and individual people. It should be noted that an external stimulus, and in this situation it is a propaganda influence in one form or another, does not automatically cause changes in a person’s behavior, it can only activate a certain need, and this already causes corresponding actions. There are many indirect connections and complex transitions between stimulus and response, as a result of which, for example, the same stimulus can sometimes cause different people various reactions. At these intermediate stages, an important place is occupied by attitudes and stereotypes that have developed in the human mind.

Understanding the essence of the effectiveness of propaganda necessarily presupposes the correct interpretation of its criteria or distinctive features, by which one can judge the results of increasing the level of knowledge and educating people. Reflecting the achievements of propaganda, its criteria are characterized by many quantitative and qualitative properties. All criteria for the effectiveness of propaganda are important in their own way. None of them can be absolutized, contrasted with the other, or underestimated, since both the spiritual and practical results of propaganda are inextricably interconnected.

Currently, based on numerous studies, a number of criteria for the effectiveness of propaganda have been created. And although they have an empirical rather than a theoretical basis, they can be successfully used in practical activities. These criteria are divided into general and specific. The distinction between them is quite relative and is carried out mainly to formalize the methodology for their application in practice.

The group of general criteria includes the criteria of knowledge, belief, and action. The criterion of knowledge, which is perhaps the simplest, determines the degree (level) of awareness and awareness of people about certain factors of objective reality. At the same time, the true title of facts is assessed by how much a person is able to connect the unified with the general, i.e., correctly interpret the facts. Despite its apparent simplicity, the criterion of knowledge has a fairly ramified structure, which includes, in particular, the following aspects: epistemological (knowledge of facts, concepts, categories, etc.), substantive (technical and economic knowledge, ideas, theories, etc. ), knowledge of principles (truthfulness, connection with life, a specifically historical approach, etc.), systematicity of acquired knowledge.

The criterion of belief is considered extremely complex due to the fact that the concept of belief includes the entire wealth of spiritual forces, thoughts and feelings, the mind and will of the individual. Beliefs control all psychological phenomena that characterize the direction of human consciousness: drives, desires, interests, aspirations, orientation settings. They are an organic unity of the results of rational knowledge of objective reality and an emotional and evaluative attitude towards it. The criterion of persuasion can be characterized by several indicators: by content (character, variety and depth of acquired knowledge, learned ideas); by personal assessment of the knowledge gained and the phenomena themselves, of which they are a reflection; by the degree of confidence in the correct perception of ideas and views; according to the consistency of views with real human behavior; according to his readiness to take actions corresponding to the acquired knowledge.

Finally, the criterion of action - the synthesizing criterion of effectiveness - determines changes in labor and social activity, in the nature of behavior, in a person’s morality. When determining the effectiveness of fire prevention propaganda, this criterion is especially important, because it is the actions and behavioral norms of people that have a decisive influence on the level of fire safety.

The group of specific effectiveness criteria includes criteria for psychological, cognitive and behavioral impact. The criterion of psychological impact evaluates the change in the state and mood of the propaganda object (audience) in the required direction, a change in attitudes (motives), and the development of cognitive interest. The criterion of cognitive influence is revealed through transitions from ignorance to knowledge, from incomplete knowledge to more complete and accurate knowledge, from a lesser degree of generality to a greater one. The behavioral criterion serves as a logical continuation of the previous two and is determined by the correspondence of people’s actions to the nature of the knowledge they received from propaganda.

It should be noted that each criterion is divided into indicators that reflect certain aspects of efficiency. The overall efficiency in this case appears as the sum of the terms of either; another criterion that reveals its content. And the more complete the division of each criterion into corresponding indicators, the greater the opportunities for an objective assessment of the results of propaganda. To a certain extent, the choice of indicators for various criteria can be helped by the fact that overall effectiveness can be considered as the sum of individual effects (effect is a broader concept that implies any, any result of propaganda activities), which can confirm (or deny) overall effectiveness. There are several groups of such effects, including:

Cognitive effects

Increment (reproduction) of knowledge in conscious and unconscious forms.

An impulse for active reflection, i.e., certain work with the information received: its comprehension, connection with existing knowledge.

The impulse to consume new information, acquire new knowledge, i.e. the emergence, maintenance, and strengthening of cognitive interest.

Impulse to create new information (at various levels of communication).

Direct use of the received information in the process of creating new information, i.e., including it in one form or another in the created text, etc.

Value effects

The emergence (generation) of a new position, opinion, interest, view, attitude, etc.

Strengthening an existing position, generating beliefs, strong opinions, stable relationships, etc.

8. Weakening of an existing position (attitude) or its complete replacement with another position, revision of point of view, change of opinion, attitude, etc.

9. Impulse to actions related to the expression of attitude
to certain positions, support, denial, etc.

10. Extensive practical actions, speech, activity
knowledge that is in a certain content relationship,
compliance (inconsistency) with the positions expressed in the information.

Organizational effects

An impulse to practical action caused by the consumption of information, but not directly indicated in the content of the latter.

Practical actions in accordance with (or in conflict with) the recommendations contained in the information, for example, taking into account the dissemination of positive experience, etc.

The use of information to provide results that are of a non-informational nature, for example, references to the content of information, as a precedent for achieving certain goals.

Communication effects

Distribution, retransmission and discussion of received information in the process of interpersonal communication.

Direct reaction to information within the framework of feedback from the source of information.

The presented data on the effectiveness criteria and individual effects of propaganda can (and should) form the basis of a unified methodology for determining the overall effectiveness of fire prevention propaganda. The first steps towards creating such a technique are already being taken, but this is a very difficult matter and one cannot expect quick results. This does not mean that even now, using the available material, it is impossible to make an approximate assessment of the effectiveness of our work, using sufficiently proven sociological methods and techniques, including questionnaires, sample surveys, content analyzes of thematic focus , individual forms of propaganda (for example, local press, radio, lectures, etc.), interviews with senior officials and authoritative personalities assessing our propaganda, etc. The concept of the overall effectiveness of propaganda influence reflects the diversity of the quality of the state of consciousness and the actions of a person (or groups of people), formed under the influence of propaganda in its various forms. In this regard, the effectiveness of propaganda can only be spoken of in the sense of changes in the way of thoughts and feelings, the nature of social actions and behavior of people.

However, it should be taken into account that all changes actually detected in the spheres of mass consciousness and mass behavior almost always have a complex, “multi-layered” structure and represent a wide variety of combinations of “simple” effects.

The study and constant analysis of individual effects, their assessment using general and specific criteria and the determination on this basis of the overall effectiveness of individual forms and methods, as well as all fire prevention propaganda as a whole, are absolutely necessary. They will allow you to flexibly respond to unaccounted for issues that appear in the process of work, as well as to changes in public opinion (negative or positive), will make it possible to really assess the effectiveness, quality and direction of certain propaganda activities and focus your efforts on weaker areas . The time intervals for determining effectiveness in general should not exceed a year, and for individual forms they can be shorter (depending on activity).

Prospects for the development of fire prevention propaganda

One of these phenomena remains the problem of fires on earth - an economic and environmental, social and humanitarian problem. Analysis and calculations show that solving this problem by purely technical means is unrealistic, primarily for economic reasons, and therefore, despite the fact that the technology for suppressing and preventing fires will be constantly improved, the most important role in the sharp reduction of fires will be play fire prevention propaganda.

Nowadays, fire prevention propaganda in our country already has solid experience and a number of achievements that make it possible to confidently predict in the foreseeable future a qualitative leap in its impact on the general population. Supplemented by a well-thought-out system of educating the younger generation, such influence will lay the foundation for the formation in each person of the necessary sense of fire danger and moral guidelines for careful handling of fire.

In its practical activities, fire propaganda will continue to improve traditional forms using all possible means and channels, constantly search for new forms, hone organizational structures and professional skills, expand and strengthen connections with the creative community.

The most important condition for improving fire prevention propaganda in the coming years should be the development of criteria and methods for analyzing both individual types and forms of propaganda, and its entire flow, with the final effect of reducing the number of fires and victims from them. This task is extremely difficult, but also extremely important, because only its solution will make it possible to flexibly use various forms of fire prevention propaganda and sensitively respond to certain changes in public consciousness and behavior.

In the future, fire prevention propaganda should become a leading factor in a specific fire hazard, instilling caution against it even before its actual appearance. This is explained by the fact that scientific and technological progress will constantly give rise to new types of fire hazards, and the task of fire prevention propaganda is to be able to provide for this in its activities.

Conclusion

By improving fire prevention propaganda and improving the education of the population in the basics of fire knowledge, we thereby activate the most important reserve for reducing the number of fires in our country and the damage they cause. This constant, painstaking and hard work pays off handsomely.

The fundamental task for the near future is a radical change in the approach to fire prevention propaganda, a revision of priorities in the direction of making this type of fire service activity one of the decisive ones. The activities of fire protection propaganda services should be built in close contact with the media, with propaganda and information services of sectors of the national economy, with the active and wide involvement of creative workers in various fields.

The main emphasis should be on increasing the quality of propaganda materials, perhaps at the expense of some reduction in quantitative indicators. The urgent task remains to achieve a qualitative leap in this area of ​​activity, which will provide the opportunity to shape public opinion in the direction we need.

In organizational terms, fire-technical exhibitions, press groups, propaganda departments (groups) in fire departments and organizational departments of the DPO councils must fit into a coherent system that ensures the penetration of fire-fighting propaganda at all social levels of the population, taking into account the needs of each level and each age group.

Literature

Barykin K.K. I write, type, dictate. - M.: Politizdat, 2005.

Rich E.M. Feelings and things. - M.: Politizdat, 2005.

Vartanyan E. A. Journey into the word. - M.: Sov. Russia, 2006.

Wiener N. Cybernetics and society.

Per. from English M.: In. lit., 1998.

Vizhe R. 30 fire safety tips. Translated from French - M.: Stroyizdat, 2002.

Vlasov Yu. M. Propaganda behind the façade of news. - M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 2006.

Zdorovega V.I. Word is also deed. - M.: Mysl, 1999.

Zis A. Ya. Types of art. - M.: Knowledge, 1999.

Kasymov B.E. Organization of fire protection management. -" M.: Stroyizdat, 2002.

Kashlev Yu. B. Mass information and international relations. - M.: publishing house “International”. relations", 2001.

Kotarbiński Tadeusz. A treatise on good work. Per. from Polish - M.: Economics, 2005.

Marshak M.I. Club script.

- M.: Profizdat, 2005.

Mass information in a Soviet industrial city./Under the general. ed. B. A. Grushina and L. A. Onikova. - M.: Politizdat, 2000.

The role of the media and propaganda in moral education.

- M.: Mysl, 1999.

Savelyev P. S. et al. Organization of fire prevention work. - M., Stroyizdat, 1996.

Media and society. - UNESCO Courier, 1997. Tishunin V.N. Education with words.

- L.: Lenizdat, 1999. Ugenova V.V. Creative horizons of journalism. - M.: Mysl, 1996. Basics of fire prevention. Causes of fire Abstract >> Life safety Built on planned basis Ugenova V.V. Creative horizons of journalism. - M.: Mysl, 1996.. Prospective ones are being developed (for... security; to provide the facility’s units with means

1. fire protection propaganda

   (posters, stands, layouts, panels..., warehouse, etc.) on

   Model fire safety rules for... Ugenova V.V. Creative horizons of journalism. - M.: Mysl, 1996. Basics Abstract >> Life safety public relations Built on planned Abstract >> Marketing

2. fire protection Stability. Individual orientations lying in

   attitudes are conditioned and formed in everyone... rather than technicians "by

   security." There are frequent cases of... tendentious, purely political propaganda and agitation.According to the provisions... fire protection asphalt road design. Theoretical and practical postulates

Cheat sheet >> Construction

Priority measures: 1. preventive work 2.

3. influence of the offender 4. licensing in the field of... organizations of any form of ownership. 2.

entrepreneurship and classification of business entities...

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 18" OF THE CITY OF KALUGA

Methodological development

Fire prevention propaganda outside school hours.

Executor:

life safety teacher-organizer

In modern society there is a constant increase in the number and scale negative consequences emergency situations. One of the most common and dangerous phenomena is fire.

The problem of fires really exists. Anthropogenic activity annually leads to more than 250 thousand fires, in which more than 18 thousand people die, including more than 700 children. It is estimated that out of a thousand fires, one hundred break out due to the fault of children who become victims of their ignorance and frivolity.

Caring for the safety of children's lives is the most important task of a school institution, family and state. Naturally, in instilling careful handling of fire in children, a significant role is given to school and, of course, classes on the basics of life safety. Teaching children fire safety rules as part of the subject of life safety is certainly necessary. Unfortunately, today, students in life safety classes receive limited knowledge of fire safety and learn about it only superficially.

Fire safety is one of the mandatory components of the environment in which a child grows up and is raised. It is important not just to talk about it, but also to teach children certain skills in the behavior of collective life, communication skills, to practice the rules of behavior in case of fire to the point of automatism, to develop the individual abilities of schoolchildren by involving them in appropriate activities, for example, to realize themselves in creativity through the activities of the squad of young firefighters (hereinafter referred to as DUP).

Only specific emotionally charged activities, sports and play exercises can leave a mark on a child’s mind.

All of the above confirms the relevance of today.

The purpose of this development is to form an individual with an active civic position, familiar with fire safety measures, and possessing the skills to promote fire-technical knowledge aimed at preventing fires and actions in case of fire.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set and solved:

Educational:

To cultivate devotion to one’s homeland based on the heroic traditions of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations;

To develop an interest in the profession of firefighter;

Develop a humane attitude towards people.

Educational:

Expand your horizons in the field of fire safety;

To develop skills in conducting fire prevention propaganda.

Educational:

To form a communicative, socially adapted personality with an active civic position;

Develop skills of organizational action in emergency situations;

To develop the creative potential of students of the young fire brigade.

CHAPTER 1. EXTRA-CLASS EDUCATIONAL WORK

IN THE DIRECTION OF FIRE SAFETY

1.1. Opportunities for extracurricular educational work

Extracurricular work is the organization by the teacher of various types of activities for schoolchildren during extracurricular hours, providing the necessary conditions for the socialization of the child’s personality. In the structure of a safe educational environment, a significant place is occupied by teaching children and adolescents fire safety rules and actions in emergencies. The social significance of knowledge, skills and abilities in this area is obvious: the formation of an individual with fire-safe behavior skills.

Extracurricular educational work is a combination of various types of activities and has wide possibilities for educational influence on the child.

Let's consider these possibilities.

A variety of extracurricular activities contributes to a more comprehensive development of the child’s individual abilities, helps to achieve the goals set (participation in competitions, competitions, patronage work, etc.).

Involvement in various types of extracurricular activities enriches the child’s personal experience and knowledge about diversity human activity, the child acquires the necessary practical skills.

A variety of educational work contributes to the development of children’s interest in this species activities, desire to actively participate in the life of the squad. If a child has developed a stable interest in this area of ​​activity in combination with certain practical skills that ensure his success in completing tasks, then he will be able to independently organize his own activities. This is especially true now, when children do not know how to occupy themselves in their free time.

In various forms of extracurricular work, children not only demonstrate their individual abilities, but also learn to live in a team, that is, to cooperate with each other, take care of their comrades, and put themselves in the place of another person.

Moreover, each type of extracurricular activity - creative, cognitive, sports, gaming - enriches the experience of collective interaction of schoolchildren in a certain aspect, which in its totality gives a great educational effect.

1.2. Organization of extracurricular educational work

In order for these requirements to be implemented in practical activities, a certain sequence of organization of extracurricular activities is necessary. It can be used both for individual and mass work.

1. Study and setting goals and objectives (selection of priority areas of activity).

The purpose of the stage is an objective assessment of pedagogical reality, which consists in determining its positive aspects (the best in the child, the team), and what needs adjustment, formation and selection of the most important tasks:

Formation of communicative, socially significant, with an active civic position of the individual, skills of organized actions in emergencies;

Development of creative potential and socially significant skills of pupils of the Youth Children's Program.

The study is carried out using already known skills of pedagogical research, the leading among which at this stage is observation. Through observation, the teacher collects information about the child and the team. An informative method is conversation, not only with the child and the class, but also with parents and teachers working in the classroom.

2. Modeling the upcoming extracurricular educational work consists in the fact that the teacher creates in his imagination an image of a certain form. In this case, goals, general tasks, and extracurricular functions should be used as guidelines.

3. The practical implementation of the model is aimed at implementing the intended educational tasks in the real pedagogical process.

4. Analysis of the work performed is aimed at comparing the model with the real implementation, identifying successful and problematic issues, their causes and consequences. The element of setting a task for further educational work is very important. This stage is very important for adjusting educational tasks, content, forms and planning further extracurricular activities.

1.3. Specifics of the content of extracurricular meaningful work

The specificity of extracurricular educational work is manifested at the level of the following tasks:

1. Formation of a positive “I-concept” in the child, which is characterized by three factors: a) confidence in the friendly attitude of other people towards him; b) confidence in his successful mastery of this or that type of activity; c) a sense of self-worth.

2. Formation of cooperation and collective interaction skills in children. For speedy social adaptation, a child must have a positive attitude not only towards himself, but also towards other people. If a child, with a positive “I-concept,” has developed the ability to negotiate with friends, distribute responsibilities, take into account the interests and desires of other people, fulfill collaboration, provide the necessary assistance, resolve conflicts positively, respect the opinions of others, etc., then his adult work activity will be successful. A completely positive “I-concept” is formed only in collective interaction.

3. Formation in children of the need for productive, socially aggravated activities through direct acquaintance with various types activities, developing interest in them in accordance with the child’s individuality, necessary skills and abilities. In other words, in extracurricular activities the child must learn to engage in useful activities and organize them independently.

4. Formation of moral, emotional, volitional components of children’s worldview. In extracurricular activities, children learn moral standards of behavior through mastering moral concepts. The emotional sphere is formed through creative activity.

5. Development of cognitive interest. This task of extracurricular work reflects continuity in educational and extracurricular activities, since extracurricular work is associated with educational work in the classroom and, ultimately, is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the educational process. The development of cognitive interest in children as a direction of extracurricular activities, on the one hand, “works” on the educational process, and on the other hand, it enhances the educational impact on the child.

Extracurricular educational work has a wide range of opportunities for attracting the social experience of parents and other adults (for example, employees of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, employees of the Higher Fire Department).

CHAPTER 2. IMPROVING FIRE SAFETY PROPAGANDA AMONG STUDENTS

2.1. History of organizing fire safety training for children.

Everything new is actually well-forgotten old. It turns out that they thought about instilling fire-fighting behavior skills in children both in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, and not only abroad - in England, Germany, Spain - but also in Tsarist Russia.

In July 1910, at the fifth congress of members of the Imperial Russian Firefighting Society held in Riga, a provision was brought up for discussion on training children in firefighting and on the creation of children's fire brigades, established under voluntary firefighting societies and squads. It was assumed that such training and the creation of detachments should become an element of school work, as in the West. The year 1910 presented Russian society with an exceptional fact: a huge number of “amusing squads” were formed, which soon united into a powerful organization, which within a year numbered more than six thousand children. Children in such units, with the consent of their parents, were taught by members of voluntary fire societies, rescue and self-rescue techniques, fire extinguishing, working with ladders and ropes, installing a fire pipe, as well as the rules of careful handling of fire and basic first aid techniques. medical care.

At the VI International Fire Congress, held in May 1912 in St. Petersburg, fire chief A.G. Krivosheev, who was at the origins of the creation of “amusing squads,” noted:

“Children's training fire brigades have the direct goal of preparing children for voluntary public firefighting activities. Practical training for children fire work should give them a concept of discipline, develop in them dexterity and strength, and make them resourceful and courageous in danger.”

Then the following decisions were made:

It is desirable to draw the school's attention to issues closely related to firefighting.

It is desirable to recognize the dissemination of fire safety information among the younger generation with the participation of the school, since students upon graduating from school bring the relevant knowledge and skills into life.

It is desirable to recognize the organization of student fire brigades at schools.

In 1912, the “amusing detachments” grew stronger and began to number an entire army.

IN Soviet times– in 1926 – Main Directorate utilities The NKVD issued instructions on the formation of “detachments of young vigilantes” within voluntary fire organizations. The authorities of the State Fire Supervision (GFS) ordered to pay serious attention to this useful game children in firefighters, come to their aid, giving the game the proper seriousness and thereby contribute to the broad development of firefighting.

2.2. Organization of the association of the Young Firefighters' Brigade in Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution "Secondary School No. 18" in Kaluga

The movement of young firefighters either gained strength or weakened, and during perestroika they completely forgot about it.

In 2006, with the revival of volunteerism, namely the re-establishment of the public organization “All-Russian Voluntary Firefighting Society,” work with young fire brigades intensified.

Under the leadership of the Center additional education For children and with the assistance of the All-Russian Voluntary Firefighting Society, in 2008 a youth youth association was created on the basis of our school called “Rescuers”.

The Young Firefighters' Team is a children's association created by educational authorities, firefighting societies in educational institutions.

Young fire brigades carry out their activities in accordance with Article 25 Federal Law“On Fire Safety”, Article 4.2 of the Charter of the All-Russian Voluntary Firefighting Society, as well as these Regulations.

A firefighting course program was proposed, which includes both a theoretical part and a practical part, as well as regulations on the organization of student fire brigades.

One of the most important tasks of the DUP is fire prevention propaganda among schoolchildren and preschool institutions.

Members of the squad of young firefighters are students who have expressed a desire to actively participate in the work of the squad.

Classes are conducted both in departments and with the whole group together; they can be group or individual. The program is educational, modified, adapted to the conditions of the school. The basis is the experience of the head of the association and guidelines.

For the program to work, it is necessary to maintain consistency and focus in the work, and classes must be conducted in a form accessible to the children.

It is necessary to observe an individual approach, unity of education and training. Theoretical classes should be alternated with practical ones. It is necessary to maintain the necessary professional and sports readiness of teams of young firefighters.

2.3. Implementation of the program for uniting the Young Firefighters' Team

Before organizing work to promote fire safety among children and adolescents, pupils of the Youth Children's School must themselves broaden their horizons in the field of fire safety and, as a result, must know:

The history of the development of fire protection and volunteering, firefighting.

Causes of fires.

Algorithm of actions in case of fire.

Primary fire extinguishing agents.

Fire safety measures.

Must be able to:

Follow fire safety rules

Anticipate dangerous situations and act correctly if they occur.

Use the equipment of the units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

Widerly apply acquired knowledge and skills in practice.

To learn more about the history of the development of fire protection, fire fighting, primary fire extinguishing equipment, and learn about the heroes of the fire front, our young firefighters periodically visit the history museum of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Kaluga Region (Appendix 1).

The museum exhibits a wide range of modern means fire fighting, everyday firefighter combat clothing, models of residential buildings made according to fire safety rules and fire equipment and much more. The obligatory program of each excursion includes the screening of videos on the topic of fire safety.

To consolidate the knowledge acquired by children, the school organizes excursions to the nearest fire station, where the children not only see fire equipment, but also put it into action, feeling like real firefighters (Appendix 2).

The festive procession dedicated to the 360th anniversary of the Russian Fire Service (Appendix 3) made an unforgettable impression on the children.

At this festival, children saw a wide variety of firefighting equipment; everyone climbed a fire crane to great heights, participated in competitions, and practiced putting out fires.

Gradually mastering knowledge, the “Dyupovites” in practice began to transfer it in accessible forms and methods to school students and children of preschool institutions.

Fire Safety Month, Children's Day, city and regional competitions have become traditional for us.

At school, we prepare for these events in advance, understanding their importance and significance. We must never forget about the main goal of these events - the promotion of knowledge and prevention of fire safety.

In classes, we develop an event plan, discuss it, approve it at the council, appoint those responsible, and put the plan into action.

The work is carried out in the following areas:

1. Informational: creation of wall newspapers, stands, posters, design of leaflets on food safety and their distribution in the entrances of residential buildings and in places where people are crowded (Appendix 4).

2. Propaganda: conducting explanatory work among the population on fire prevention, participating in fire prevention activities at school, conversations, quizzes, competitions, speeches by the propaganda team, training evacuation in case of fire, showing films on fire safety (Appendix 5).

3. Patronage: providing assistance to primary school teachers and preschool teachers.

In sponsored kindergarten“Topolek”, we are frequent guests, we are always welcome to come (Appendix 6).

To familiarize children with fire safety rules, a wide variety of methods and techniques are used: conversations, stories, the use of literary words, examination of visual and illustrative material, and much more. The children are given riddles, introduced to proverbs, and poems are read. Children especially enjoy the performances of the propaganda team (fairy tales on the topic of fire safety).

Currently, the members of the squad are seventh grade students who have already proven themselves to be the best. (Appendix 7).

A very effective means of fire prevention propaganda among students is competitions with elements of a fire relay race (Appendix 8), where children show both theoretical and practical knowledge: climbing a “fire escape”, overcoming obstacles, providing first aid, putting on firefighter combat clothing, putting out a fire using a fire extinguisher and fire hose, etc. Employees of the VDPO and the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia in the Kaluga region help carry out such events; they help translate our theoretical knowledge into practical knowledge.

Employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are seriously interested in ensuring that the lives of our young Kaluga residents are safe and happy.

Over the past two academic year More than 4,300 students from schools in the city of Kaluga and the suburban area became guests of the life safety office of the fire prevention propaganda center.

For the children, meetings are held with employees of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for the Kaluga Region and the search and rescue squad of the fire and rescue service, the Kaluga regional branch of the VDPO.

It is possible that student attendance would increase if classes were held outside of school hours.

Success in ensuring fire safety for children can only be expected if the teacher himself has sufficient information about measures to prevent and combat fires.

The teacher needs to improve the level of his knowledge, regularly take advanced training courses, attend seminars and share work experience with colleagues, possess practical fire safety skills, and carry out systematic work in collaboration with students’ parents (Appendix 9).

Familiarization of children with the rules of labor safety should first of all be carried out in the family. It is parents who should again and again explain to their children about the inadmissibility of playing with fire.

Work practice shows that parents themselves are at odds with the rules of PB.

Therefore, there is a need to carry out explanatory work among them.

We use a variety of forms of work with parents: holding joint leisure activities, designing visual propaganda, participating in drawing and craft competitions, watching films at school-wide parent meetings with subsequent discussion, speaking to the parents of the propaganda team.

CONCLUSION

Based on my work, the following conclusions can be drawn:

If we want to see our students inquisitive, sociable, athletic, able to navigate their surroundings, anticipate fire-hazardous situations and act correctly when they arise, it is necessary to carry out preventive work on fire safety with children of junior, middle and senior levels.

Teaching PB skills is not limited to time periods - it is a long-term, systematic, targeted impact on the child. They cannot arise after several, even very successful, sessions.

The team of young firefighters provides significant benefits in this direction. I believe that it is necessary to create such associations in every school.

I am sure that the children will skillfully apply the acquired knowledge in life, and there will be much fewer fires started by children, which will preserve their health and life.

The experience of my work in extracurricular activities allowed me to conclude that only in the process of joint activities of teachers, children, parents, and fire service employees can the tasks of fire prevention propaganda among students be successfully solved.

Annex 1

Visit to the Headquarters History Museum

EMERCOM of Russia for the Kaluga region

Appendix 2

Excursion to the Fire Department of Kaluga

Appendix 3

Festive procession dedicated to the 360th anniversary of the Russian Fire Department

Appendix 4

Information direction:

distribution of leaflets on industrial safety

Appendix 5

Propaganda direction: holding competitions and training evacuations at school

Appendix 6

Patronage direction: performance of the propaganda team in the Topolek kindergarten with competitions

Appendix 7

Competitions among school students

with fire relay elements

• - a set of technical, organizational and fire prevention measures aimed at preventing and extinguishing fires...

  Civil protection. Conceptual and terminological dictionary

• - structural element, which serves to fill openings in fire barriers and prevent the spread of fire to adjacent rooms within a regulated time...

  Construction dictionary

• - a structure in the form of a wall, partition, ceiling or volumetric element of a building, designed to prevent the spread of fire into adjacent rooms within a regulated time...

  Construction dictionary

• - a set of technical, organizational and fire prevention measures aimed at preventing and extinguishing fires. Includes: forecasting possible fire danger...
• - see Fire protection...

  Glossary of emergency terms

• - a structure in the form of a wall, partition, ceiling or volumetric element of a building...

  Glossary of emergency terms

• - a set of fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations designed to notify the crew of the occurrence of a fire on board an aircraft, its localization and extinguishing...

  Encyclopedia of technology

• - firewall, - is intended to separate adjacent rooms of one building or two adjacent buildings in order to prevent the spread of fire. P.S. made from fireproof materials...

  Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary

• - the main type of fire protection, is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation as a single independent operational service...

  Administrative law. Dictionary-reference book

• - fireproof structure that prevents the spread of fire from one part of the structure to another - fireproof barrier - požárně dělicí konstrukce - Brandsperre - tűzgát - tүymer eserguүүtsekh haalt - przegroda przeciwogniowa - ecran de protecţie...

  Construction dictionary

• - - complex organizational prophylactic...

  Geological encyclopedia

• - - complex of organizational and technical measures aimed at reducing the fire hazard of mining equipment and technology...

  Geological encyclopedia

• - - special mining area workings, secured by structures made of non-combustible materials...

  Geological encyclopedia

• - - operates in the system of the Ministry of Coal Industry CCCP to monitor and control the correctness and timeliness of the organization...

  Geological encyclopedia

• - a fire extinguishing system designed to cool burning surfaces with a compact or crushing jet of water ejected from a fire nozzle...

  Marine dictionary

• - "... is integral part forces ensuring the security of individuals, society and the state and coordinates the activities of other types of fire protection...

  Official terminology

"Fire prevention propaganda" in books

7. Propaganda