Bathroom in Art Nouveau style. Bathroom in Art Nouveau style: harmony of space

Quite spacious rooms are often allocated for bathrooms, not inferior in area to ordinary ones. living rooms. This certainly provides more room for imagination. The clearest example of this comes from Ruslan and Maria Green.

Organization of the bathroom space

The spacious area of ​​the premises made it possible to create several functional zones. Columns and a podium conditionally divide the room into two parts, one of which is completely occupied by a large bathtub. To the right of the entrance to the room there is a shower room, separated from the rest of the space by a partition.

Even space large room It’s quite difficult to organize it competently without cluttering it with unnecessary details. Understanding that the bathroom in the house is always a real warehouse for towels, cosmetics and bath accessories, provided in this room a large number of niche shelves. This allows you to properly organize your storage system.

Art Nouveau style in the bathroom interior

Stylistically it gravitates towards, but in it one can also trace elements that draw their origins from antiquity. Columns, multi-colored stained glass windows and a sculpture of the Venus de Milo give the interior composition individuality and moderate pomp, characteristic of Roman baths. To decorate the room, it was proposed to use collectible tiles, which enhance the uniqueness of the composition. Also in the bathroom interior we can see marble and patinated surfaces. Traditional for the bathroom beige color V in this case plays with various tints - from glossy mother-of-pearl to sparkling gold.

Art Nouveau as a fashion trend appeared back in 1880, when complete chaos reigned in the world of interior design. Designers of that time created interiors from individual elements of the styles that existed at that time - Baroque, Empire, Classicism, Rococo. They were suffocating, flashy, burdened with excessive gilding and a multitude of sometimes completely unnecessary items.

The emergence of minimalism was received with a bang even today, despite the mass of new design solutions, a bathroom in the Art Nouveau style confidently holds the palm when decorating the interiors of apartments, cottages, fitness clubs, chalets, bathhouses, and dachas.

Art Nouveau as a fashion trend appeared back in 1880, when complete chaos reigned in the world of interior design.

Thanks to the softness of the lines and calm, gentle tones (which is the hallmark of this style), the space does not look pretentious or intrusive. On the contrary, a harmonious environment is created in the bathroom, promoting relaxation and comfort.

Minimalism in modernism makes it possible to decorate the tiniest bathroom in this manner, which will especially please residents apartment buildings, where the bathroom area, alas, leaves much to be desired.

Minimalism in modernism makes it possible to decorate the tiniest bathroom in this manner, which will especially please residents of apartment buildings, where the bathroom area, alas, leaves much to be desired.

What modern designers have brought new is the combination of white and black in modern style. Of course, the black and white palette cannot be called soft, however, these two colors are natural, natural. Therefore, such a classic combination is quite acceptable for arranging a modern bathroom, which in black and white looks elegant, rich and noble, which can be seen in the interior photo below.

First of all, let's look at the color gold. This was conveyed to us as a greeting from the past, when interiors were decorated in one style or another only in rich houses. Then gilding symbolized the wealth of the owners and their importance.

In modernism, floral arrangements, light graphics, and outlines of plants are acceptable, i.e. everything that is as close to natural as possible

Today, gilding will no longer surprise anyone, and designers recommend using it in small quantities. Especially in modernity. Here it should generally only be a blotch, complementing the main colors, and in no case dominate.

Important! In modernism, floral arrangements, light graphics, and outlines of plants are acceptable, i.e. everything that is as close to natural as possible.

Today, gilding will not surprise anyone, and designers recommend using it in small quantities

In this case, pastel colors are used more:

• beige, light gray, olive;
• coffee, dusty lilac, pearl;
• sage, ocher, white, golden yellow.

In a word, all colors of nature are acceptable.

Modern bathroom design

The key feature is a combination of two extremes: constructivism (avant-garde direction) and decorativeness. If constructivism presupposes uncomplicated forms and a minimum of furnishings, then decorativeness is the presence of asymmetry (furniture, fittings, plumbing) and floral patterns.

The key feature is a combination of two extremes: constructivism (avant-garde direction) and decorativeness

With a skillful combination of these two trends and achieving the golden mean, the result is a bathroom decorated in the Art Nouveau style.

The specifics of modernity presuppose:

1. Big window. We foresee a smile on your faces. Of course, this is rare for city apartments, but it can easily be replaced with stained glass or a mirror.
2. A lot of space. If in country houses and luxury apartments this is not a problem, then in housing such as “Khrushchev”, “Brezhnevka” and the first high-rise buildings, one can only dream of a large bathroom. But even here you can find a way out - remodel the apartment or at least combine the bathroom and toilet, which will immediately significantly increase the area.
3. Asymmetry and smooth lines in the interior. This applies to everything: plumbing fixtures, furniture, mirrors, lamps and all sorts of trinkets that keep the stamp of time.
4. Minimum workload. That is, there should be everything, but there should be very little of everything.

Certain requirements apply to facing materials. For example, ordinary tiles for veneering walls and floors will not work here.

Also, certain requirements are imposed on facing materials. For example, ordinary tiles for veneering walls and floors will not work here. But a ceramic panel with a floral or geometric pattern will be just right. Experienced designers will create a miracle of modernism from plastic and glass wallpaper. Therefore, they advise those who are arranging a bathroom in the Art Nouveau style on their own to take a closer look at these facing materials.

There are no special complaints about the ceiling. Ideally use suspended structures or moisture-resistant drywall

There are no special complaints about the ceiling. Ideally, use suspended structures or moisture-resistant drywall. With its help you can make a multi-tiered ceiling covering. Paints will also work. They are the most moisture-resistant, unpretentious to thermal fluctuations and most consistent with style.

The floor can again be covered with ceramic tiles imitating old wood, which look so natural that it is difficult to distinguish them from real parquet. Or make colored self-leveling floors and create the most incredible patterns. The color of the floors should combine the darkest and lightest shades used in the interior.

Wall cladding in this style direction is carried out in several stages. On the first, the background is created (paint, plaster, ceramics, tiles), on the second, decoration - colored mosaics, patterns using acrylic paint, which should be at least two tones lighter than the background.

Bathroom lighting in modern style

Primary component lighting, of course, a window and preferably on the entire wall. But this is not too common yet, so you can replace it with a large mirror in wooden frame or several mirrors. The window should be curtained with tulle or light draperies. As long as they transmit light well and are made of natural material.

Important! Sanitation in modernity is unacceptable.

You can immediately forget about standard lamps and lampshades. They absolutely do not fit the style. Much more appropriate in a modern bathroom would be soffits with diffused light, mounted in the ceiling or walls (which is much more original). Well, if there are lamps, then small ones, with dim light in the form of flowers, leaves, shoots.

The primary component of lighting is, of course, a window and preferably on the entire wall

You can decorate the bathroom floor vases and accessories. The same hooks for towels and clothes should not be ordinary, but with a twist, for example, forged. The same applies to the heated towel rail, which curls like ivy. A soap dish, a bath curtain, a cup for brushes and other attributes - everything should be special, unique.

Important! The main thing is to achieve a natural environment in the bathroom, where all components harmoniously complement each other.

Modern bathroom furniture: choosing the best

Art Nouveau style is distinguished primarily by the absence sharp corners and minimalism. The same applies to furniture. There should be a little of it: a chair or armchair, a floor cabinet (but preferably a hanging one) or a pencil case, a cosmetic table, if space allows. This is, in principle, quite sufficient.

Art Nouveau style is distinguished primarily by the absence of sharp corners and minimalism. The same applies to furniture

All furniture should be functional and, if possible, be one set. Non-standard shapes and intricate curves are welcome. A simple bathroom chair, for example, can be made in the shape of a flower bud.

To choose the right modern bathroom furniture, you need very little - adhere to two criteria:

• selection of colors - furniture should match the tone of the floor;
• streamlining.

If possible, choose furniture with legs. Easier to clean and closer to style.

Wooden furniture is a timeless classic that suits all styles. And for modernity as well

Wooden furniture is a timeless classic that suits all styles. And for modern as well. But today there are so many new materials (natural, environmentally friendly) that you shouldn’t focus on one tree. Plaster, granite, marble... Why not.

Advice! But the best option, perhaps, furniture will be made of MDF, coated with white glossy waterproof enamel, or wicker furniture from wicker, rattan, bamboo, walnut twigs and even newspapers.

Yes, yes, exactly woven from newspapers and then varnished. Although it's hard to believe. Of course, you can’t buy such furniture in stores, but you can always order it from home craftsmen, and, having a weaving pattern, make it yourself.

But the best option, perhaps, would be furniture made from MDF, coated with white glossy waterproof enamel, or wicker furniture made from wicker, rattan, bamboo, walnut rods and even newspapers

Wicker furniture is not too expensive, comfortable, light, unusual and simply beautiful. Made by hand, it will give a modern bathroom a fresh touch and emphasize the originality and taste of the owners. With such furniture, your bathroom will certainly not go unnoticed.

Modern bathroom fixtures

It is better to install suspended plumbing, if possible, since in this case the pipes will be hidden. It is more expensive, but will quickly pay for itself with the admiring glances of your guests. But a floor-mounted one is also suitable, the main thing is that it contains asymmetry and smoothness of shape.

It is better to install suspended plumbing, if possible, since in this case the pipes will be hidden

A snow-white ceramic claw-foot bathtub with chrome, bronze, and gold faucets will add a special chic to the entire interior.

Don't be afraid to experiment. This style allows for wide scope for imagination. And if you adhere to the basic criteria of this trend, then the modern bathroom will become the pearl of any home, emphasizing the refined taste of its owners.

A modern style bathroom combines the main characteristics popular trend in design, whose name translates as “modern”. However, this concept does not at all relate modernity to the fashion trends of the current time.

Thanks to the smoothness and fluidity of lines, the Art Nouveau style fits perfectly with the idea of ​​decorating a “watery” space, so the interior of bathrooms in the Art Nouveau direction never looks too pretentious and pretentious. By listening to the recommendations of experts, you can create a harmonious environment in your bathroom that will promote rest and relaxation in the evenings, and in the mornings it will give you vigor and a boost of energy. A modern style bathroom is the topic of this article.

Features of the Art Nouveau style

At the end of the 19th century, the name by which the Art Nouveau style in interior design is still known today sounded quite justified. Then it was a modern movement, which came out in response to the classics, which were boring to many, with its straight lines and severity. Confusion with the name of the style is often misleading, so it’s worth understanding a little possible options English term "modern". IN different cultures Art Nouveau style is called differently:

• Art Nouveau– this is a French variant meaning “new art”;
• Liberty - Italian version;
• Tiffany – American;
• Art Nouveau– German;
• Secession – Austrian.

History and Key Features

Art Nouveau style originated in 1880. At that time, complete chaos reigned in the world of interior design, and architects formed any interior from elements of already existing styles. The emergence of a completely new direction caused a sensation, giving designers fresh ideas for work. The interior and architecture were freed from the suffocating embrace of the Empire style, Baroque, Rococo and Classicism.

The complete cessation of the development of the style is associated with the outbreak of the First World War and the rather large labor intensity of creating a new interior environment. In the post-war period, the attention of the townspeople was already focused on the new trend, so Art Nouveau gave way to Art Deco, remaining at the peak of its glory for no more than 30 years.

Key features of the style:

• The desire to deviate as much as possible from cumbersomeness, to expand the list of materials used for finishing rooms;
• Disclosure of the theme of the unity of nature and man, love for plant motifs;
• Zoning of premises has become fashionable using partitions and lines on the floor;
• Furniture and other furnishings can be placed in a free order, including diagonally across the room;
• The ornaments began to sparkle with new colors;
• Elongated door and window openings often ended with a pointed arch or a wave-like curve at the top. Modern furniture collections also follow these smooth lines;
• The use of stained glass;
• Bathroom colors may vary slightly from color solutions for other rooms of the house and be brighter. Due to the rather large decorative load on the interior, shades of brown and white, muted lilac-blue and other restrained tones dominated among the colors.

Choosing the right furniture

A modern bathroom will be incomplete without the right furniture. If you have a fairly spacious room, you can turn it into a kind of boudoir by placing a dressing table for cosmetics, a mirror, a small chest of drawers and even an armchair. Of course, this option cannot be implemented on four squares of area.

To decorate a small bathroom in modern style, you need to remember its main characteristics, for example, the smoothness of the lines. You can use this property as a starting point when purchasing towel dryers, hooks, laundry baskets and other accessories.

When choosing furniture for a bathroom in the Art Nouveau style, you can buy just one item in this style, but with its help you can convey all the necessary mood. It can be an intricate chair, reminiscent of the shape of a bud with its smooth lines. Simplicity of form, absence of sharp corners and functionality– these are the main selection criteria. Hanging furniture looks beautiful, saving the lower space of the room. It seems to float in the air thanks to its design and light shades.

You won’t have to memorize a list of strict instructions regarding plumbing, which includes toilets, washbasins and sinks for a modern style bathroom. The main thing is to take into account that clear geometric lines and shapes - rhombuses, squares, rectangles - are unacceptable for this interior. The emphasis is on streamlined shapes, smoothness and naturalness of curves.

We recommend choosing original washbasin so that it becomes the highlight of the room. This can be a product in the shape of a sea shell, flower or leaf. For inspiration, you can view photos of a bathroom in this style on our website, which depict already completed interiors created by experienced designers.

Advice: try to hide water supply and drainage communications so that they do not spoil graceful look Your new bathroom. To do this, draw up a clear project, and do not improvise during the renovation process.

Focus on mirrors

A mirror is just that element of furniture that can, without extra costs correct minor flaws in the overall composition. Is your modern style bathroom a little less than ideal due to too small an area or other reasons? Dont be upset - beautiful mirror in an elegant, intricate frame will attract attention, make the room visually larger and fill it with light. It is better to choose a wooden frame with a carved surface. You can cover it with gold or silver paint. It is quite possible that you will find a treasure mirror in an antique shop, which will help you create a bathroom design in the Art Nouveau style, as close as possible to the end of the 19th century.

Features of bathroom finishing

Finishing materials for a bathroom in the Art Nouveau style can be chosen from a fairly extensive list. In addition to wallpaper, paint, natural stone, wood, glass for stained glass windows You can safely use ceramic tiles. Some designers say that it is not suitable for Art Nouveau, but these are poorly substantiated statements.

For background on walls it is better to use nice beige and golden colors tiles. White and silver-gray shades are also appropriate, but to add warmth to the interior, you need to add wooden objects. Tiles with patterns are suitable for creating an accent on one of the walls or framing certain area. For the floor, take not too much dark color tiles, such as pinkish marble.

Please pay attention special attention to windows and stained glass. A bathroom in the Art Nouveau style, which has a window or at least a small window, will sparkle with all the colors. You can decorate glass with both real works of art and more affordable film that imitates stained glass paintings. The sun's rays hitting the window will create movement of multi-colored highlights - the design will sparkle with new colors and come to life. In classical modernism, even the doors were not solid - they were necessarily decorated with glass inserts with various designs.

A modern bathroom is another proof that this trend in the world of design allows you to create a truly individual space. Here, each object is in harmony with other objects. Each detail takes its assigned place, fitting perfectly into the overall design. By becoming a club subscriber, you will continue to discover amazing world design!

A beautiful bath is everyone’s dream; organizing the space in an Art Nouveau style will help you achieve this goal. Previously, this room was used only for its intended purpose and no design elements or unusual interior there was no talk.

The necessary plumbing, furniture and simple tile cladding for reliable protection from moisture - that's all there was.

Modern man puts the bathroom on the same level as all other rooms in the house, using stylistic directions. Art Nouveau is recognized as one of the ever popular styles.

In a nutshell, what is modernity?

Any direction in design has its own characteristic features, with the help of which it is easy to distinguish one from another.

As for modernism, natural lines and natural shades are taken as the basis. No sharp corners or straight edges, everything should be as smooth and natural as possible, just like in the wild.

In Art Nouveau, floral ornaments and patterns are used in everything:

• in finishing;
• in furniture;
• in plumbing;
• in lighting fixtures;
• in the scenery.

It is important to understand that in any style every detail matters and if the wrong elements are used, the entire interior can lose its stylistic unity.

In order for a modern bathroom to have character traits In this direction, you need to listen to the advice of designers and carefully select finishing materials and related pieces of furniture.

Interesting!

Art Nouveau and modernism styles are two different directions, closely related to each other. Modernism combines several styles, and Art Nouveau is a separate movement that appeared in the 19th century.

Style color scheme

Art Nouveau is based on the use of floral patterns, which means the color scheme must be appropriate.

Bright and catchy shades in the interior are unacceptable, especially in the bathroom. This room should be a quiet and relaxing place where you can enjoy time and soak in the water. It is best to use the following colors to decorate the room:

• beige;
• light green;
• light brown;
• pink;
• orange;
• pale red;
• lilac and others.

The main condition is that any color should be soft. Even if brown or green is used as a basis, it is advisable to dilute them light decor or not used at all in the most intense form.

Even black color is allowed, but only as a additional elements or decorations. For finishing walls, floors and ceilings, the color scheme should consist of calm shades.

It's better to give up dark colors in decoration also for the reason that they visually make the room smaller and make it difficult to perceive. Light shades add lightness to the space, even if the room has modest dimensions of 5 square meters. m or less.

Decoration Materials

Market building materials replete with many positions, so choose suitable options Reproducing modernity in the bathroom is not difficult.

You must first discuss all the details of the interior with family members so that absolutely everyone is satisfied with the work done and the end result is satisfactory.

Walls

You can use many materials to decorate the walls in the bathroom, but specifically for characteristic style Art Nouveau is better to choose among tiles.

It is reliable and durable, has many variations in shape and texture. You need to choose among light patterns with plant elements in the form of stretching vines, flower arrangements, and small plants.

It is necessary to maintain the smoothness of the lines even in the image on the tile, so clear and bright geometry should be abandoned.

If your soul requires drastic changes in the bathroom and you can’t get away with simple patterns, you can experiment and cover only one wall with tiles with a solid image.

The rest of the perimeter must be covered with a single-color coating, otherwise, in combination with a large panel, a certain imbalance in style will arise.

Large glossy slabs with a stone texture will look advantageous. Imitations natural textures only emphasize the design of the bathroom in the Art Nouveau style.

Flooring

Patterns and ornaments should only be visible on vertical surfaces, so designers recommend paying attention to flooring with a monochromatic pattern.

Without being too pretentious, they will help emphasize the elegant direction, while adding charm to the room.

Looks nice floor tiles large sizes. Small rectangles or squares will look out of place; the style has soft features and lines. Large slabs hide this drawback and even their correct geometric shape does not become a hindrance in modernity.

Ceiling

The most common finishing options include suspended ceilings made of PVC fabric stretched over a special frame. A plain coating will cost significantly less than a pattern applied to the surface.

If the desire to make the ceiling unusual coincides with financial capabilities, then you can safely contact the appropriate companies and order a canvas with the image.

Most often they choose between flower arrangements or oblong lines with smooth bends.

In any case, even a plain beige or white ceiling will look beneficial in the design of a bathroom or bathroom in the Art Nouveau style.

Painting with preliminary surface preparation has long been relegated to the background, modern technologies and materials for use of the structure stretch ceiling accessible to everyone and can be done in any room, even with an unstable microclimate.

Additional elements in modern style

To embody a certain style, it is not enough to use only characteristic finishing materials; you need to take care of such things as the right decorations, furniture and equipment.

A modern style bathtub will look exactly like this thanks to acrylic plumbing. It looks weightless and light compared to cast iron or porcelain.

Although significantly inferior in terms of strength, judging by the reviews, they are still extremely popular.

An acrylic bathtub for modernism can have a wide variety of shapes, but first of all, it must fit the dimensions of the room and correspond to the overall style.

Bathroom heated towel rails in Art Nouveau style have rounded shapes and a shiny chrome surface. Don’t focus on angular shapes; the curved lines of the equipment will fit perfectly into the design.

At the bathroom design stage, you need to decide on the location of the plumbing, and if square meters quite a bit, then it’s better to opt for a shower stall.

Even a combined design with a toilet does not always help to increase the area to accommodate everything you need, so this option will come in handy.

The interior of a bathroom or any other will not have a complete look without lighting. Round or oval-shaped lamps in small quantities are located around the perimeter of the room or at the base of the ceiling.

It is preferable to choose among models closed forms with light bulbs behind the shade to avoid splashes getting into the structure and unforeseen circumstances.

Hanging chandeliers in the Art Nouveau style are used extremely rarely in bathrooms, but if desired, they will help decorate the room.

A photo of a bathroom in the Art Nouveau style allows you to feel the direction and note the characteristic features for yourself.

A detailed examination of projects from famous designers helps, which can later be transferred to the finished interior.

The main thing is to follow the advice on arranging and selecting finishing materials, and then you will get a real modern bathroom design.

– this is practicality and safety. This bathroom is ideal for a family with children and pets. It is light, easy to organize and has enough space to store all your accessories.

Bathroom design in modern style - This ceramic tile, but not from floor to ceiling, as happens in many budget projects, but only in wet areas. The rest of the room is plaster. Ceramic tiles of non-standard format are usually used. Slightly elongated, positioned horizontally or vertically, it looks just great. But there are also square and various large-format options.

Finishing materials

Bathroom floor in the Art Nouveau style it is almost always decorated with tiles of a calm shade - white, gray, beige, and among colored ones - gray-brown, gray-lilac, various stone shades. Typically, floor tiles are plain; they may not follow the format of the tiles on the walls and can be either square or rectangular. It is best to order a project from a professional

Walls. On the walls in a modern style bathroom we see one to three types of tiles. Usually this is one main color, the second accent color (either for the top of the wall or for accent wall) and another type - for decoration. This can be a panel tile or a border tile.

Ceiling in the bathroom it is decorated simply - white plaster, resistant to moisture. There are options with built-in lighting and spotlights. Ventilation in such a bathroom is also very important and is usually designed at the proper level. A modern style bathroom often has a window, and if it is located in country house– attic or standard.

Accent details in a modern style bathroom it is usually textiles rather than furniture. The furniture is chosen in light and pale tones, for example, white gloss, gray pale wood (with imitation of valuable species), pale brown wood, black or colored gloss, but not too noticeable (for example, an eggplant shade).

Furniture and decor

Shower in a modern bathroom there can be either an ordinary cheap shower stall with glass sliding doors, or a fashionable niche with mosaic finishing and a glass screen with a minimalist slope and a drain into the floor. Floor drains are generally very popular in the design of modern bathrooms.

Bath bowl may be missing in a bathroom up to 4-5 square meters. meters and is most often found only in modern style bathrooms in a country house. Then it is an improved model (with hydromassage, usually corner, with a view from the window) and is located under the roof slope in the attic.

Dressing table There is no provision for a bathroom in the Art Nouveau style, but there can be a double sink - for both spouses. Usually all accessories are stored on shelves and in cabinets.

Storage systems can be presented either as a cabinet and a pencil case, or as a large built-in wardrobe (in a country house). In any case, there will be bonuses in the form of very convenient deep drawers in the cabinet, a laundry basket in the pencil case, etc.

Lighting there is the main one (for the mirror and in the format ceiling lamp or point spots) and additional (in niches with decorative lighting). The shades typically used for lamps are pale white, warm white, and pale yellow.

Decor in the Art Nouveau style bathroom it is represented by textiles. You can easily find high-pile carpet and other ultra-soft variations here. Everything - from towels, packaging and accessories, as well as all textiles - is selected according to color scheme. For example, a combination of shades of fuchsia and eggplant looks great in a gray and white bathroom, and lime and ocher in a white and brown bathroom.

Popular colors for a modern bathroom

Gray and white tiles looks great with bright accents - chartreuse, lime, pistachio, azure, cobalt, as well as pastels - ash rose, pearlescent pink, coral, lavender and lilac, wisteria and others. Among gray tones, bleached grays and pale grays are more popular than dark ones.

Beige-brown tiles- the most traditional option of all proposed, it is complemented by accents from the natural palette - ocher, salmon, Japanese maple, viridian, jade, olive and others.

Black and white tiles looks great in sophisticated modern interiors with a slight touch of art deco. They are more feminine, but very practical. Accents here can be scarlet red, gold, silver, purple.

Gray stone tiles– another very relevant option for decorating a bathroom in the Art Nouveau style. Usually it is large-format, sometimes even with a relief or a pattern simulating the relief of a stone. Accents in such a bathroom should be deep, but not too bright - malachite, emerald, purple, amethyst, night sky color and the like.

Layout and decor in the bathroom in a modern style

1. A sink cabinet with legs and a drain in the floor will allow you to carry out wet cleaning in the bathroom even with a hose, i.e. you will not have to wash the bathroom floor in the usual way, and the room will always be as clean as possible.

2. Bright accents will make a white or gray bathroom bright and interesting. Accents can be changed depending on the season. Prussian blue can be chosen for hot summer, delicate olive for autumn, Christmas red for winter and yellow sorbet for spring.

3. Required condition a modern-style bathroom has a bidet - either integrated into the toilet itself, or standing alone.